Geopolitics Geography And Strategic History

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Geopolitics, Geography and Strategic History

Geoffrey Sloan
Geopolitics Geography and Strategic History Book PDF

Author : Geoffrey Sloan
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 271 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2017-02-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9781135773311

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Geopolitics, Geography and Strategic History by Geoffrey Sloan Pdf

This volume examines geopolitics by looking at the interaction between geography, strategy and history. This book addresses three interrelated questions: why does the geographical scope of political objectives and subsequent strategy of states change? How do these changes occur? Over what period of time do these changes occur? The theories of Sir Halford Mackinder and Nicholas Spykman are examined in order to provide an analytical narrative for five case studies, four historical and one contemporary. Taken together they offer the prospect of converting descriptions of historical change into analytic explanations, thereby highlighting the importance of a number of commonly overlooked variables. In addition, the case studies will illuminate the challenges that states face when attempting to change the scope of their foreign policy and geo-strategy in response to shifts in the geopolitical reality. This book breaks new ground in seeking to provide a way to understand why and how the geographical scope of political objectives and subsequent strategy both expands and contracts. This book will be of much interest to students of geopolitics, strategic studies, military history, and international relations.

Geopolitics, Geography and Strategy

Colin S. Gray,Geoffrey Sloan
Geopolitics Geography and Strategy Book PDF

Author : Colin S. Gray,Geoffrey Sloan
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 314 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2014-01-14
Category : History
ISBN : 9781135265090

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Geopolitics, Geography and Strategy by Colin S. Gray,Geoffrey Sloan Pdf

Geopolitical conditions influence all strategic behaviour - even when cooperation among different kinds of military power is expected as the norm, action has to be planned and executed in specific physical environments. The geographical world cannot be avoided, and it happens to be 'organized' into land, sea, air and space - and possibly the electromagnetic spectrum including 'cyberspace'. Although the meaning of geography for strategy is a perpetual historical theme, explicit theory on the subject is only one hundred years old. Ideas about the implication of geographical, especially spatial, relationships for political power - which is to say 'geopolitics'- flourished early in the twentieth century. Divided into theory and practice sections, this volume covers the big names such as Mackinder, Mahan and Haushofer, as well as looking back at the vital influence of weather and geography on naval power in the long age of sail (sixteenth to nineteenth centuries). It also looks forward to the consequences of the revival of geopolitics in post-Soviet Russia and the new space-based field of "astropolitics".

Geopolitics and Strategic History, 1871-2050

Colin S. Gray,Geoffrey Sloan
Geopolitics and Strategic History 1871 2050 Book PDF

Author : Colin S. Gray,Geoffrey Sloan
Publisher : Frank Cass & Company
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2016-03-31
Category : History
ISBN : 0714653489

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Geopolitics and Strategic History, 1871-2050 by Colin S. Gray,Geoffrey Sloan Pdf

This volume examines geopolitics by looking at the interaction between geography, strategy and history. This book addresses three interrelated questions: why does the geographical scope of political objectives and subsequent strategy of states change? How do these changes occur? Over what period of time do these changes occur? The theories of Sir Halford Mackinder and Nicholas Spykman are examined in order to provide an analytical narrative for five case studies, four historical and one contemporary. Taken together they offer the prospect of converting descriptions of historical change into analytic explanations, thereby highlighting the importance of a number of commonly overlooked variables. In addition, the case studies will illuminate the challenges that states face when attempting to change the scope of their foreign policy and geo-strategy in response to shifts in the geopolitical reality. This book breaks new ground in seeking to provide a way to understand why and how the geographical scope of political objectives and subsequent strategy both expands and contracts. This book will be of much interest to students of geopolitics, strategic studies, military history, and international relations.

Geopolitics, Geography and Strategic History

Geoffrey Sloan
Geopolitics Geography and Strategic History Book PDF

Author : Geoffrey Sloan
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2017-02-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9781135773304

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Geopolitics, Geography and Strategic History by Geoffrey Sloan Pdf

This volume examines geopolitics by looking at the interaction between geography, strategy and history. This book addresses three interrelated questions: why does the geographical scope of political objectives and subsequent strategy of states change? How do these changes occur? Over what period of time do these changes occur? The theories of Sir Halford Mackinder and Nicholas Spykman are examined in order to provide an analytical narrative for five case studies, four historical and one contemporary. Taken together they offer the prospect of converting descriptions of historical change into analytic explanations, thereby highlighting the importance of a number of commonly overlooked variables. In addition, the case studies will illuminate the challenges that states face when attempting to change the scope of their foreign policy and geo-strategy in response to shifts in the geopolitical reality. This book breaks new ground in seeking to provide a way to understand why and how the geographical scope of political objectives and subsequent strategy both expands and contracts. This book will be of much interest to students of geopolitics, strategic studies, military history, and international relations.

Great Powers and Geopolitical Change

Jakub J. Grygiel
Great Powers and Geopolitical Change Book PDF

Author : Jakub J. Grygiel
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2007-02-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780801889615

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Great Powers and Geopolitical Change by Jakub J. Grygiel Pdf

Named by Foreign Affairs as a book to read on geopolitics. In an era of high technology and instant communication, the role of geography in the formation of strategy and politics in international relations can be undervalued. But the mountains of Afghanistan and the scorching sand storms of Iraq have provided stark reminders that geographical realities continue to have a profound impact on the success of military campaigns. Here, political scientist Jakub J. Grygiel brings to light the importance of incorporating geography into grand strategy. He argues that states can increase and maintain their position of power by pursuing a geostrategy that focuses on control of resources and lines of communication. Grygiel examines case studies of Venice, the Ottoman Empire, and China in the global fifteenth century—all great powers that faced a dramatic change in geopolitics when new routes and continents were discovered. The location of resources, the layout of trade networks, and the stability of state boundaries played a large role in the success or failure of these three powers. Grygiel asserts that, though many other aspects of foreign policy have changed throughout history, strategic response to geographical features remains one of the most salient factors in establishing and maintaining power in the international arena.

Geopolitics

Klaus Dodds
Geopolitics Book PDF

Author : Klaus Dodds
Publisher : SAGE Publications Limited
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2009-11-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1848607083

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Geopolitics by Klaus Dodds Pdf

This major reference collection highlights the contested and diverse nature of geopolitics and charts the controversial intellectual history of the field. Coined by the Swedish author, Rudolf Kjellén, the term 'geopolitics' highlights the role that territory, resources and boundaries play in shaping global political relations. The collection brings together work from international relations, political science, history, geography and law into a definitive collection that covers three dimensions of the geopolitical: classic geopolitics, critical geopolitics, and popular geopolitics.

Global Geostrategy

Brian Blouet
Global Geostrategy Book PDF

Author : Brian Blouet
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2020-09-23
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000159134

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Global Geostrategy by Brian Blouet Pdf

This is a new examination of Halford Mackinder’s seminal global geostrategic work, from the perspective of geography, diplomatic history, political science, international relations, imperial history, and the space age. Mackinder was a man ahead of his time. He foresaw many of the key strategic issues that came to dominate the twentieth century. Until the disintegration of the Soviet Union, western defence strategists feared that one power, or alliance, might come to dominate Eurasia. Admiral Mahan discussed this issue in The Problem of Asia (1900) but Mackinder made the most authoritative statement in "The Geographical Pivot of History" (1904). He argued that in the "closed Heart-Land of Euroasia" was a strategically placed region, with great resources, that if controlled by one force could be the basis of a World Empire. James Kurth, in Foreign Affairs, has commented that it has taken two World Wars and the Cold War to prevent Mackinder’s prophecy becoming reality. In World War I and World War II Germany achieved huge territorial gains at the expense of the Russian empire and the Soviet Union. In the former conflict the Russian empire was defeated by Germany but the western powers insisted that the territorial gains made by Germany, at the treaty of Brest-Litovsk, be given up. In World War II Britain and the US gave material support to Stalin’s totalitarian regime to prevent Nazi Germany gaining control of the territory and resources that might have been a basis for world domination. The west, highly conscious of Mackinder’s dictum (1919) that "Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland," quickly adopted policies to contain the Soviet Union. History has therefore proved Mackinder’s work to be of vital importance to generations of strategic thinking and he remains a key influence in the new millennium. This book will be of great interest to all students and scholars of strategic studies and military history and of geopolitics in particular.

Astropolitik

Everett C. Dolman
Astropolitik Book PDF

Author : Everett C. Dolman
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2005-07-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781135764005

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Astropolitik by Everett C. Dolman Pdf

This volume identifies and evaluates the relationship between outer-space geography and geographic position (astrogeography), and the evolution of current and future military space strategy. In doing so, it explores five primary propositions.

Geopolitics

Saul Bernard Cohen
Geopolitics Book PDF

Author : Saul Bernard Cohen
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Page : 469 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2008-07-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780742581548

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Geopolitics by Saul Bernard Cohen Pdf

Written by one of the world's leading political geographers, this fully revised and updated textbook examines the dramatic changes wrought by ideological and economic forces unleashed by the end of the Cold War. Saul Cohen considers these forces in the context of their human and physical settings and explores their geographical influence on foreign policy and international relations.

Geopolitics and the Great Powers in the 21st Century

C. Dale Walton
Geopolitics and the Great Powers in the 21st Century Book PDF

Author : C. Dale Walton
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2007-06-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9781134244553

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Geopolitics and the Great Powers in the 21st Century by C. Dale Walton Pdf

This book argues that in the twenty-first century Eastern Eurasia will replace Europe as the theatre of decision in international affairs, and that this new geographic and cultural context will have a strong influence on the future of world affairs. For half a millennium, the great powers have practised what might be called ‘world politics’, yet during that time Europe, and small portions of the Near East and North Africa strategically vital to Europe, were the ‘centres of gravity’ in international politics. This book argues that the ‘unipolar moment’ of the post-Cold War era will not be replaced by a US-China ‘Cold War’, but rather by a long period of multipolarity in the twenty-first century. Examining the policy goals and possible military-political strategies of several powers, this study explains how Washington may play a key role in eastern Eurasian affairs if it can learn to operate in a very different political context. Dale Walton also considers the rapid pace of technological change and how it will impact on great power politics. Considering India, China, the US, Russia, Japan, and other countries as part of a multipolar system, he addresses the central questions that will drive US policy in the coming decades. Geopolitics and the Great Powers in the 21st Century will be of interest to students of international security, military history, geopolitics, and international relations.

Understanding the Changing Planet

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Strategic Directions for the Geographical Sciences in the Next Decade
Understanding the Changing Planet Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Strategic Directions for the Geographical Sciences in the Next Decade
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2010-07-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309150750

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Understanding the Changing Planet by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Strategic Directions for the Geographical Sciences in the Next Decade Pdf

From the oceans to continental heartlands, human activities have altered the physical characteristics of Earth's surface. With Earth's population projected to peak at 8 to 12 billion people by 2050 and the additional stress of climate change, it is more important than ever to understand how and where these changes are happening. Innovation in the geographical sciences has the potential to advance knowledge of place-based environmental change, sustainability, and the impacts of a rapidly changing economy and society. Understanding the Changing Planet outlines eleven strategic directions to focus research and leverage new technologies to harness the potential that the geographical sciences offer.

India and Asian Geopolitics

Shivshankar Menon
India and Asian Geopolitics Book PDF

Author : Shivshankar Menon
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
Page : 418 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2021-04-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780815737247

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India and Asian Geopolitics by Shivshankar Menon Pdf

A clear-eyed look at modern India's role in Asia's and the broader world One of India's most distinguished foreign policy thinkers addresses the many questions facing India as it seeks to find its way in the increasingly complex world of Asian geopolitics. A former Indian foreign secretary and national security adviser, Shivshankar Menon traces India's approach to the shifting regional landscape since its independence in 1947. From its leading role in the “nonaligned” movement during the cold war to its current status as a perceived counterweight to China, India often has been an after-thought for global leaders—until they realize how much they needed it. Examining India's own policy choices throughout its history, Menon focuses in particular on India's responses to the rise of China, as well as other regional powers. Menon also looks to the future and analyzes how India's policies are likely to evolve in response to current and new challenges. As India grows economically and gains new stature across the globe, both its domestic preoccupations and international choices become more significant. India itself will become more affected by what happens in the world around it. Menon makes a powerful geopolitical case for an India increasingly and positively engaged in Asia and the broader world in pursuit of a pluralistic, open, and inclusive world order.

Sea Power

Admiral James Stavridis, USN
Sea Power Book PDF

Author : Admiral James Stavridis, USN
Publisher : Penguin
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2017-06-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780735220607

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Sea Power by Admiral James Stavridis, USN Pdf

From one of the most admired admirals of his generation -- and the only admiral to serve as Supreme Allied Commander at NATO -- comes a remarkable voyage through all of the world’s most important bodies of water, providing the story of naval power as a driver of human history and a crucial element in our current geopolitical path. From the time of the Greeks and the Persians clashing in the Mediterranean, sea power has determined world power. To an extent that is often underappreciated, it still does. No one understands this better than Admiral Jim Stavridis. In Sea Power, Admiral Stavridis takes us with him on a tour of the world’s oceans from the admiral’s chair, showing us how the geography of the oceans has shaped the destiny of nations, and how naval power has in a real sense made the world we live in today, and will shape the world we live in tomorrow. Not least, Sea Power is marvelous naval history, giving us fresh insight into great naval engagements from the battles of Salamis and Lepanto through to Trafalgar, the Battle of the Atlantic, and submarine conflicts of the Cold War. It is also a keen-eyed reckoning with the likely sites of our next major naval conflicts, particularly the Arctic Ocean, Eastern Mediterranean, and the South China Sea. Finally, Sea Power steps back to take a holistic view of the plagues to our oceans that are best seen that way, from piracy to pollution. When most of us look at a globe, we focus on the shape of the of the seven continents. Admiral Stavridis sees the shapes of the seven seas. After reading Sea Power, you will too. Not since Alfred Thayer Mahan’s legendary The Influence of Sea Power upon History have we had such a powerful reckoning with this vital subject.

The Revenge of Geography

Robert D. Kaplan
The Revenge of Geography Book PDF

Author : Robert D. Kaplan
Publisher : Random House Trade Paperbacks
Page : 450 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2013-09-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780812982220

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The Revenge of Geography by Robert D. Kaplan Pdf

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • In this “ambitious and challenging” (The New York Review of Books) work, the bestselling author of Monsoon and Balkan Ghosts offers a revelatory prism through which to view global upheavals and to understand what lies ahead for continents and countries around the world. In The Revenge of Geography, Robert D. Kaplan builds on the insights, discoveries, and theories of great geographers and geopolitical thinkers of the near and distant past to look back at critical pivots in history and then to look forward at the evolving global scene. Kaplan traces the history of the world’s hot spots by examining their climates, topographies, and proximities to other embattled lands. The Russian steppe’s pitiless climate and limited vegetation bred hard and cruel men bent on destruction, for example, while Nazi geopoliticians distorted geopolitics entirely, calculating that space on the globe used by the British Empire and the Soviet Union could be swallowed by a greater German homeland. Kaplan then applies the lessons learned to the present crises in Europe, Russia, China, the Indian subcontinent, Turkey, Iran, and the Arab Middle East. The result is a holistic interpretation of the next cycle of conflict throughout Eurasia. Remarkably, the future can be understood in the context of temperature, land allotment, and other physical certainties: China, able to feed only 23 percent of its people from land that is only 7 percent arable, has sought energy, minerals, and metals from such brutal regimes as Burma, Iran, and Zimbabwe, putting it in moral conflict with the United States. Afghanistan’s porous borders will keep it the principal invasion route into India, and a vital rear base for Pakistan, India’s main enemy. Iran will exploit the advantage of being the only country that straddles both energy-producing areas of the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea. Finally, Kaplan posits that the United States might rue engaging in far-flung conflicts with Iraq and Afghanistan rather than tending to its direct neighbor Mexico, which is on the verge of becoming a semifailed state due to drug cartel carnage. A brilliant rebuttal to thinkers who suggest that globalism will trump geography, this indispensable work shows how timeless truths and natural facts can help prevent this century’s looming cataclysms.

The Geographical Pivot of History

Sir Halford John Mackinder
The Geographical Pivot of History Book PDF

Author : Sir Halford John Mackinder
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2020-02-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1945934816

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The Geographical Pivot of History by Sir Halford John Mackinder Pdf

In this paper, Mackinder advanced his so-called Heartland Theory, whereby the interior Asia and eastern Europe ("the Heartland") had become the strategic center of the world as a result of the relative decline of sea power against land power and of the economic and industrial development of southern Siberia.