Getting It Right In Science And Medicine

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Getting It Right in Science and Medicine

Hans R. Kricheldorf
Getting It Right in Science and Medicine Book PDF

Author : Hans R. Kricheldorf
Publisher : Springer
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2016-05-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319303888

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Getting It Right in Science and Medicine by Hans R. Kricheldorf Pdf

This book advocates the importance and value of errors for the progress of scientific research! Hans Kricheldorf explains that most of the great scientific achievements are based on an iterative process (an ‘innate self-healing mechanism’): errors are committed, being checked over and over again, through which finally new findings and knowledge can arise. New ideas are often first confronted with refusal. This is so not only in real life, but also in scientific and medical research. The author outlines in this book how great ideas had to ripen over time before winning recognition and being accepted. The book showcases in an entertaining way, but without schadenfreude, that even some of the most famous discoverers may appear in completely different light, when regarding errors they have committed in their work. This book is divided into two parts. The first part creates a fundament for the discussion and understanding by introducing important concepts, terms and definitions, such as (natural) sciences and scientific research, laws of nature, paradigm shift, and progress (in science). It compares natural sciences with other scientific disciplines, such as historical research or sociology, and examines the question if scientific research can generate knowledge of permanent validity. The second part contains a collection of famous fallacies and errors from medicine, biology, chemistry, physics and geology, and how they were corrected. Readers will be astonished and intrigued what meanders had to be explored in some cases before scientists realized facts, which are today’s standard and state-of-the-art of science and technology. This is an entertaining and amusing, but also highly informative book not only for scientists and specialists, but for everybody interested in science, research, their progress, and their history!

Mind Over Medicine

Lissa Rankin
Mind Over Medicine Book PDF

Author : Lissa Rankin
Publisher : Hay House
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781401939991

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Mind Over Medicine by Lissa Rankin Pdf

Presents evidence from medical journals that beliefs, thoughts, and feelings can cure the body and shows readers how to apply this knowledge in their own lives. -- provided by publisher.

The Art and Politics of Science

Harold Varmus
The Art and Politics of Science Book PDF

Author : Harold Varmus
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2010-05-24
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9780393073560

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The Art and Politics of Science by Harold Varmus Pdf

A Nobel Prize–winning cancer biologist, leader of major scientific institutions, and scientific adviser to President Obama reflects on his remarkable career. A PhD candidate in English literature at Harvard University, Harold Varmus discovered he was drawn instead to medicine and eventually found himself at the forefront of cancer research at the University of California, San Francisco. In this “timely memoir of a remarkable career” (American Scientist), Varmus considers a life’s work that thus far includes not only the groundbreaking research that won him a Nobel Prize but also six years as the director of the National Institutes of Health; his current position as the president of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; and his important, continuing work as scientific adviser to President Obama. From this truly unique perspective, Varmus shares his experiences from the trenches of politicized battlegrounds ranging from budget fights to stem cell research, global health to science publishing.

Improving Diagnosis in Health Care

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Diagnostic Error in Health Care
Improving Diagnosis in Health Care Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Diagnostic Error in Health Care
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 473 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2015-12-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309377720

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Improving Diagnosis in Health Care by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Diagnostic Error in Health Care Pdf

Getting the right diagnosis is a key aspect of health care - it provides an explanation of a patient's health problem and informs subsequent health care decisions. The diagnostic process is a complex, collaborative activity that involves clinical reasoning and information gathering to determine a patient's health problem. According to Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, diagnostic errors-inaccurate or delayed diagnoses-persist throughout all settings of care and continue to harm an unacceptable number of patients. It is likely that most people will experience at least one diagnostic error in their lifetime, sometimes with devastating consequences. Diagnostic errors may cause harm to patients by preventing or delaying appropriate treatment, providing unnecessary or harmful treatment, or resulting in psychological or financial repercussions. The committee concluded that improving the diagnostic process is not only possible, but also represents a moral, professional, and public health imperative. Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, a continuation of the landmark Institute of Medicine reports To Err Is Human (2000) and Crossing the Quality Chasm (2001), finds that diagnosis-and, in particular, the occurrence of diagnostic errorsâ€"has been largely unappreciated in efforts to improve the quality and safety of health care. Without a dedicated focus on improving diagnosis, diagnostic errors will likely worsen as the delivery of health care and the diagnostic process continue to increase in complexity. Just as the diagnostic process is a collaborative activity, improving diagnosis will require collaboration and a widespread commitment to change among health care professionals, health care organizations, patients and their families, researchers, and policy makers. The recommendations of Improving Diagnosis in Health Care contribute to the growing momentum for change in this crucial area of health care quality and safety.

Safety and Ethics in Healthcare: A Guide to Getting it Right

Bill Runciman,Alan Merry,Merrilyn Walton
Safety and Ethics in Healthcare A Guide to Getting it Right Book PDF

Author : Bill Runciman,Alan Merry,Merrilyn Walton
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2017-05-15
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781317060000

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Safety and Ethics in Healthcare: A Guide to Getting it Right by Bill Runciman,Alan Merry,Merrilyn Walton Pdf

As more and more people survive into old age, the burden of caring for them becomes greater and greater. Although it is now possible to alleviate many of the afflictions that beset mankind, no society can afford to pay for all the healthcare that is now available or technically possible. People working in healthcare increasingly have to do more with less. Rationing takes many forms, mostly covert, and the less privileged in most societies end up struggling to get their proper share of the available healthcare resources. All too often, those in the front-line have to deal with the consequences of this 'rationing by default': healthcare professionals find themselves rushed off their feet simply doing the basic tasks and completing all the paperwork; placing frail, sick people in ever lengthening queues, sometimes asking them to wait for hours in the middle of the night under uncomfortable and even unsafe conditions; and, worst of all, working under conditions they would rather avoid in which the safety margin for those they are caring for has been greatly diminished. We are all aware that under these conditions the chance of making a mistake which can seriously harm or even lead to the death of a patient is greatly increased. But what can be done about this? How can you be sure that you are doing the right thing when faced with having to practise an uncertain science on vulnerable patients in a complex system under ever-changing conditions? At what point could you cross the invisible line from reasonable to irresponsible or unethical behaviour by tolerating conditions or tacitly accepting practices which may be regarded as unacceptable, even though you may have little immediate control over them? This book is a guide to getting it right for healthcare professionals. It is about doing the right thing, in the right way, at the right time, for the right people. These are the dimensions of quality in healthcare, and although some are in conflict (equitable access and efficiency, for example), adherence to ethical practice and professional behaviour will help lead healthcare practitioners through the minefield of responsibilities and priorities. Real-life situations are integral to the book, with over 500 clinical examples referred to within the text.

Why We Get Sick

Randolph M. Nesse, MD,George C. Williams
Why We Get Sick Book PDF

Author : Randolph M. Nesse, MD,George C. Williams
Publisher : Vintage
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2012-02-08
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9780307816009

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Why We Get Sick by Randolph M. Nesse, MD,George C. Williams Pdf

The next time you get sick, consider this before picking up the aspirin: your body may be doing exactly what it's supposed to. In this ground-breaking book, two pioneers of the science of Darwinian medicine argue that illness as well as the factors that predispose us toward it are subject to the same laws of natural selection that otherwise make our bodies such miracles of design. Among the concerns they raise: When may a fever be beneficial? Why do pregnant women get morning sickness? How do certain viruses "manipulate" their hosts into infecting others? What evolutionary factors may be responsible for depression and panic disorder? Deftly summarizing research on disorders ranging from allergies to Alzheimer's, and form cancer to Huntington's chorea, Why We Get Sick, answers these questions and more. The result is a book that will revolutionize our attitudes toward illness and will intrigue and instruct lay person and medical practitioners alike.

Doing the Right Thing

Scientific American Editors
Doing the Right Thing Book PDF

Author : Scientific American Editors
Publisher : Scientific American
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2013-11-25
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781466842601

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Doing the Right Thing by Scientific American Editors Pdf

Doing the Right Thing: Ethics in Science by the Editors of Scientific American Most of us have probably had those discussions, either in a classroom setting or otherwise, where a hypothetical situation is given and you're asked to choose between two or more unsatisfying options. If you follow option A, five people die; if you follow option B, one person dies. What do you do? Option B looks like the lesser of the evils, but then there's a wrinkle. Option B requires you to actively murder the one person to save five. Now what do you do? Making ethical decisions involves more than listening to an inner moral compass, a feeling in the gut of what's right and wrong; and questions of ethics in science are becoming increasingly complex, especially as technology encroaches upon even our most private cellular spaces. In this eBook, Doing the Right Thing: Ethics in Science, we cover a wide range of areas in science and medicine where complicated ethical questions come to bear, beginning with the first section, "Genomics." In "Are Personal Genome Scans Medically Useless," Sally Lehrman examines the value, or lack thereof, in the information obtained from direct-to-consumer genotyping tests, a field that exploded in the '00s. The middle sections are devoted to ethics in research, where informed—and ethically sound—choices are the basis of many scientific studies. Sections 2, 3 and 4 analyze the challenges unique to three areas, respectively: medical, pharmaceutical and basic research. Medical studies often reveal more information than researchers are looking for, and two articles, "The Ethics of Scan and Tell" and "Reporting Unrelated Findings in Study Subjects," examine questions of responsibility toward study subjects. Later, Charles Seife ferrets out doctors' financial ties to pharmaceutical companies in "Is Drug Research Trustworthy?" and Katherine Harmon calculates "The Cost of Misconduct" to the taxpayer. Finally Section 6, "Ethics and the Mind," analyzes the process of how we resolve moral conflicts when we make decisions. The interaction between reasoning and emotion is poorly understood, as seen in both "Anguish and Ethics" and "When Morality Is Hard to Like," but studies show that the emotional and memory regions of the brain are more active when confronted with difficult moral questions. These decisions are usually made after great inner struggle – think again of option B. What would you do?

Reproducibility and Replicability in Science

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Public Policy,Board on Research Data and Information,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics,Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Reproducibility and Replicability in Science
Reproducibility and Replicability in Science Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Public Policy,Board on Research Data and Information,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics,Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Reproducibility and Replicability in Science
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2019-10-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309486163

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Reproducibility and Replicability in Science by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Public Policy,Board on Research Data and Information,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics,Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Reproducibility and Replicability in Science Pdf

One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produced it. When a scientific effort fails to independently confirm the computations or results of a previous study, some fear that it may be a symptom of a lack of rigor in science, while others argue that such an observed inconsistency can be an important precursor to new discovery. Concerns about reproducibility and replicability have been expressed in both scientific and popular media. As these concerns came to light, Congress requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a study to assess the extent of issues related to reproducibility and replicability and to offer recommendations for improving rigor and transparency in scientific research. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science defines reproducibility and replicability and examines the factors that may lead to non-reproducibility and non-replicability in research. Unlike the typical expectation of reproducibility between two computations, expectations about replicability are more nuanced, and in some cases a lack of replicability can aid the process of scientific discovery. This report provides recommendations to researchers, academic institutions, journals, and funders on steps they can take to improve reproducibility and replicability in science.

Promising Practices for Addressing the Underrepresentation of Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine,Committee on Increasing the Number of Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Medicine (STEMM)
Promising Practices for Addressing the Underrepresentation of Women in Science Engineering and Medicine Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine,Committee on Increasing the Number of Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Medicine (STEMM)
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 235 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2020-04-19
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309498241

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Promising Practices for Addressing the Underrepresentation of Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine,Committee on Increasing the Number of Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Medicine (STEMM) Pdf

Careers in science, engineering, and medicine offer opportunities to advance knowledge, contribute to the well-being of communities, and support the security, prosperity, and health of the United States. But many women do not pursue or persist in these careers, or advance to leadership positions - not because they lack the talent or aspirations, but because they face barriers, including: implicit and explicit bias; sexual harassment; unequal access to funding and resources; pay inequity; higher teaching and advising loads; and fewer speaking invitations, among others. There are consequences from this underrepresentation of women for the nation as well: a labor shortage in many science, engineering, and medical professions that cannot be filled unless institutions and organizations recruit from a broad and diverse talent pool; lost opportunities for innovation and economic gain; and lost talent as a result of discrimination, unconscious bias, and sexual harassment. Promising Practices for Addressing the Underrepresentation of Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine reviews and synthesizes existing research on policies, practices, programs, and other interventions for improving the recruitment, retention, and sustained advancement into leadership roles of women in these disciplines. This report makes actionable recommendations to leverage change and drive swift, coordinated improvements to the systems of education, research, and employment in order to improve both the representation and leadership of women.

Energy Medicine For Women

Donna Eden,David Feinstein
Energy Medicine For Women Book PDF

Author : Donna Eden,David Feinstein
Publisher : Piatkus
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2012-03-22
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
ISBN : 9781405517348

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Energy Medicine For Women by Donna Eden,David Feinstein Pdf

For more than three decades, Donna Eden has been teaching people to understand the body as an energy system, to recognize their aches and pains as signals of energy imbalance, and to reclaim their natural healing capabilities. In her long-awaited new book, Donna speaks directly to women, showing them how they can work with energy to tackle the specific health challenges they face. She reveals that a woman can manage her hormones by managing her energies and also use energy medicine to treat a host of health issues. From PMS to menopause, from high blood pressure to depression, the book offers easy-to-follow solutions to women's health issues that traditional medicine often fails to provide. Blending a compassionate voice with a profound grasp of how the female body functions as an energy system, Eden presents what is sure to become a classic book on the subject of women's health.

Gulp: Adventures on the Alimentary Canal

Mary Roach
Gulp Adventures on the Alimentary Canal Book PDF

Author : Mary Roach
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2014-04
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780393348743

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Gulp: Adventures on the Alimentary Canal by Mary Roach Pdf

The irresistible, ever-curious, and always bestselling Roach returns with a new adventure to the invisible realm that people carry around inside.

Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health

Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Understanding the Biology of Sex and Gender Differences
Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health Book PDF

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Understanding the Biology of Sex and Gender Differences
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2001-07-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309132975

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Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Understanding the Biology of Sex and Gender Differences Pdf

It's obvious why only men develop prostate cancer and why only women get ovarian cancer. But it is not obvious why women are more likely to recover language ability after a stroke than men or why women are more apt to develop autoimmune diseases such as lupus. Sex differences in health throughout the lifespan have been documented. Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health begins to snap the pieces of the puzzle into place so that this knowledge can be used to improve health for both sexes. From behavior and cognition to metabolism and response to chemicals and infectious organisms, this book explores the health impact of sex (being male or female, according to reproductive organs and chromosomes) and gender (one's sense of self as male or female in society). Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health discusses basic biochemical differences in the cells of males and females and health variability between the sexes from conception throughout life. The book identifies key research needs and opportunities and addresses barriers to research. Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health will be important to health policy makers, basic, applied, and clinical researchers, educators, providers, and journalists-while being very accessible to interested lay readers.

A Field Guide for Science Writers

Deborah Blum,Mary Knudson,Robin Marantz Henig
A Field Guide for Science Writers Book PDF

Author : Deborah Blum,Mary Knudson,Robin Marantz Henig
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2005-09-08
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780198039020

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A Field Guide for Science Writers by Deborah Blum,Mary Knudson,Robin Marantz Henig Pdf

This is the official text for the National Association of Science Writers. In the eight years since the publication of the first edition of A Field Guide for Science Writing, much about the world has changed. Some of the leading issues in today's political marketplace - embryonic stem cell research, global warming, health care reform, space exploration, genetic privacy, germ warfare - are informed by scientific ideas. Never has it been more crucial for the lay public to be scientifically literate. That's where science writers come in. And that's why it's time for an update to the Field Guide, already a staple of science writing graduate programs across the country. The academic community has recently recognized how important it is for writers to become more sophisticated, knowledgeable, and skeptical about what they write. More than 50 institutions now offer training in science writing. In addition mid-career fellowships for science writers are growing, giving journalists the chance to return to major universities for specialized training. We applaud these developments, and hope to be part of them with this new edition of the Field Guide. In A Field Guide for Science Writers, 2nd Edition, the editors have assembled contributions from a collections of experienced journalists who are every bit as stellar as the group that contributed to the first edition. In the end, what we have are essays written by the very best in the science writing profession. These wonderful writers have written not only about style, but about content, too. These leaders in the profession describe how they work their way through the information glut to find the gems worth writing about. We also have chapters that provide the tools every good science writer needs: how to use statistics, how to weigh the merits of conflicting studies in scientific literature, how to report about risk. And, ultimately, how to write.

Relevance of Health Literacy to Precision Medicine

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Roundtable on Health Literacy
Relevance of Health Literacy to Precision Medicine Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Roundtable on Health Literacy
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 125 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2016-11-04
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309447355

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Relevance of Health Literacy to Precision Medicine by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Roundtable on Health Literacy Pdf

On January 20, 2015, President Obama announced the Precision Medicine Initiative (PMI) in his State of the Union address. The PMI, by developing new approaches for detecting, measuring, and analyzing a wide range of biomedical information including molecular, genomic, cellular, clinical, behavioral, physiological, and environmental parameters, is intended to enable a new era of medicine in which researchers, providers, and patients work together to develop individualized care. Part of this effort included the creation of a national, large-scale research participant group, or cohort. The PMI Cohort Program is aimed at extending precision medicine to many diseases, including both rare and common diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, Alzheimer's disease, obesity, and mental illnesses such as depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, by building a national research cohort of 1 million or more U.S. participants. An important challenge to assembling the PMI Cohort will be to reach individuals who are socioeconomically disadvantaged. Individuals who are socioeconomically disadvantaged have lower health literacy; often belong to racial, ethnic, and minority communities; and are often less likely to participate in research studies and biorepositories. To explore possible strategies and messaging designs, the Roundtable on Health Literacy formed an ad hoc committee charged with planning and conducting a 1-day public workshop on the intersection of health literacy and precision medicine. The workshop participants discussed a variety of topics including an overview of precision medicine and its potential, the relevance of health literacy to the success of precision medicine efforts, and perspectives and understanding of different groups, such as health care providers, consumers, and insurers. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Science, Medicine, and Aristocratic Lineage in Victorian Popular Fiction

Abigail Boucher
Science Medicine and Aristocratic Lineage in Victorian Popular Fiction Book PDF

Author : Abigail Boucher
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2023-08-31
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9783031411410

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Science, Medicine, and Aristocratic Lineage in Victorian Popular Fiction by Abigail Boucher Pdf

Science, Medicine, and Lineage in Popular Fiction of the Long Nineteenth Century explores the dialogue between popular literature and medical and scientific discourse in terms of how they represent the highly visible an pathologized British aristocratic body. This books explores and complicates the two major portrayals of aristocrats in nineteenth-century literature: that of the medicalised, frail, debauched, and diseased aristocrat, and that of the heroic, active, beautiful ‘noble’, both of which are frequent and resonant in popular fiction of the long nineteenth century. Abigail Boucher argues that the concept of class in the long nineteenth century implicitly includes notions of blood, lineage, and bodily ‘correctness’, and that ‘class’ was therefore frequently portrayed as an empirical, scientific, and medical certainty. Due to their elevated and highly visual social positions, both historical and fictional aristocrats were frequently pathologized in the public mind and watched for signs of physical excellence or deviance. Using popular fiction, Boucher establishes patterns across decades, genres, and demographics and considers how these patterns react to, normalise, or feed into the advent of new scientific and medical understandings.