Gfcm 2030 Strategy For Sustainable Fisheries And Aquaculture In The Mediterranean And The Black Sea

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GFCM 2030 Strategy for sustainable fisheries and aquaculture in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
GFCM 2030 Strategy for sustainable fisheries and aquaculture in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea Book PDF

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 28 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2021-11-18
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9789251352908

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GFCM 2030 Strategy for sustainable fisheries and aquaculture in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

The GFCM 2030 Strategy for sustainable fisheries and aquaculture in the Mediterranean and Black Sea offers a common vision and guiding principles to achieve sustainable fisheries and aquaculture in the region, federating efforts to deliver on national, regional and global commitments. Building upon the progress made and concerted action between all stakeholders, it addresses the social, economic and environmental aspects of sustainability in order to build resilience to respond to global challenges. The GFCM 2030 Strategy upholds the heritage of fisheries and aquaculture as pillars for the livelihoods of coastal communities, championing a productive and sustainable food system that contributes to thriving economies and healthy ecosystems. It is articulated in five distinct targets that each contribute to this overarching vision for sustainability: Target 1 focuses on healthy seas and productive fisheries; Target 2 aims to ensure a level playing field to eradicate all illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing; Target 3 helps realise the potential of a growing aquaculture sector; Target 4 supports livelihoods through decent employment and fishers engagement; and Target 5 fosters capacity development through technical cooperation and efficient partnerships across the region. The GFCM 2030 Strategy addresses regional priorities while taking into account local needs and specificities through a subregional approach. Covering a ten-year span, the GFCM 2030 Strategy is aligned with a global agenda. The successful achievement of its targets relies on the commitment of the GFCM Membership in adopting and implementing relevant decisions and in supporting its overarching vision.

General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean

Food and Agriculture Organization
General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean Book PDF

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9251055041

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General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean by Food and Agriculture Organization Pdf

In its thirtieth session the Commission reviewed the intersessional activities of its Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) and its Committee on Aquaculture (CAQ). Based on the advice emanating from SAC and proposals by Members, the GFCM adopted respectively: three binding recommendations on fisheries management measures, including on fishing effort and on the protection of sensitive habitats; two recommendations on illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing, including on the establishment of a black list of vessels and on data confidentiality procedure. It also endorsed three recommendations from the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT), including on the establishment of a programme for transshipment by large-scale longliners. The GFCM reiterated its satisfaction with progress made in the implementation of the five regional projects executed by FAO in support of the Commission. The Commission ascertained its financial situation and agreed to use arrears to build a Working Capital Fund. In the Secretariat, it established a post of Statistician and a post of Programmer/System Analyst. Work progress related to the new headquarters of the Commission was reviewed. The Commission decided to postpone the adjustments to its Rules of Procedure to its next plenary. The Commission established a Compliance Committee. It formalized the Environment Aquaculture Mediterranean Network (EAM) and the Statistical Information System on Aquaculture (SIPAM) as subsidiary bodies of CAQ, and endorsed the guidelines prepared by the Joint GFCM/ICCAT Working Group on Sustainable Tuna Farming. The Commission agreed on its programme of work and adopted its autonomous budget for the year 2006. The GFCM elected its new Bureau

Report of the forty-fourth session of the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)

Anonim
Report of the forty fourth session of the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean GFCM Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 311 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2022-06-03
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251362976

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Report of the forty-fourth session of the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) by Anonim Pdf

This report summarizes the discussions held during the forty-fourth session of the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean and the eleventh session of the Committee on Administration and Finance. During the session, progress in activities related to fisheries, aquaculture, compliance and other strategic activities was reviewed. The Commission adopted 21 binding recommendations and 14 resolutions dealing with fisheries management and conservation, aquaculture, compliance, vessel monitoring and the fight against illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing as well as the GFCM 2030 Strategy for sustainable fisheries and aquaculture in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Moreover, the Commission reviewed issues related to its functioning and to the mandate of the GFCM Executive Secretary. Finally, the Commission adopted its programme of work for the next intersession and approved its autonomous budget for 2022 as well as a number of strategic actions to be funded through extrabudgetary resources. The Commission also renewed the GFCM Bureau as well as the mandates of the Bureaus of the Scientific Advisory Committee on Fisheries, the Scientific Advisory Committee on Aquaculture and the Working Group on the Black Sea, and endorsed the new Bureaus of the Compliance Committee and the Committee on Administration and Finance.

General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) – Report of the forty-sixth session

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean GFCM Report of the forty sixth session Book PDF

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org. [Author]
Page : 261 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2024-04-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251387290

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General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) – Report of the forty-sixth session by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

This report summarizes the discussions held during the forty-sixth session of the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) and thirteenth session of the Committee on Administration and Finance. [Author] During the session, progress in activities related to fisheries, aquaculture, compliance and other strategic activities was reviewed. [Author] The Commission adopted 24 binding recommendations and ten resolutions related to fisheries management and conservation, aquaculture and compliance. [Author] Finally, the Commission adopted the revised GFCM Financial Regulations as well as its programme of work for the next intersession and approved its autonomous budget for 2024, 2025 and 2026, as well as a number of strategic actions to be funded through extrabudgetary resources. [Author] The Commission also extended the mandate of its current Bureau for two additional years and endorsed the new Bureaus of the Compliance Committee and the Scientific Advisory Committee on Fisheries. [Author]

General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean – Report of the forty-fifth session

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 
General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean Report of the forty fifth session Book PDF

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 253 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2023-06-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251379240

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General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean – Report of the forty-fifth session by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations  Pdf

This report summarizes the discussions held during the forty-fifth session of the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean and twelfth session of the Committee on Administration and Finance. During the session, progress in activities related to fisheries, aquaculture, compliance and other strategic activities was reviewed. The Commission adopted 17 binding recommendations and four resolutions related to fisheries management and conservation, aquaculture and compliance. Moreover, the Commission adopted the revised GFCM Rules of Procedure and approved the proposal for the appointment of the new GFCM Executive Secretary. Finally, the Commission adopted its programme of work for the next intersession and approved its autonomous budget for 2023, 2024 and 2025, as well as a number of strategic actions to be funded through extrabudgetary resources. The Commission also endorsed the new Bureau of the Committee on Administration and Finance and extended the mandate of the Bureau of the Scientific Advisory Committee on Aquaculture until 2024.

The State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries 2020

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
The State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries 2020 Book PDF

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2020-12-14
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251337240

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The State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries 2020 by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

This third edition of the State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries provides a comprehensive overview of the status of fisheries in the region, looking at their main features and trends, in order to better inform their management and better examine current and future challenges that they will face in the near future. The aim of this report is to produce a document that could provide useful analysis and direction for decision-making and future action. In this respect, this publication also represents a convenient source of information for the FAO Committee on Fisheries and offers a practical complement to the data provided in the State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture published by the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. This volume includes seven chapters divided into two sections: a first part on the status and trends of different aspects of Mediterranean and Black Sea fisheries, including fleet, catches, socio-economic variables and bycatch, and a second part that focuses on the management of Mediterranean and Black Sea fisheries, including an overview on small-scale fisheries. This report is based to a large extent on the most up-to-date data available submitted by GFCM contracting and cooperating non-contracting parties, including information on stock status, national catches, fleet and socio-economic information up to 2018. It is also complemented with information from other sources.

Handbook for data collection on recreational fisheries in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea

Grati, F., Carlson, A., Carpentieri, P. & Cerri, J.
Handbook for data collection on recreational fisheries in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea Book PDF

Author : Grati, F., Carlson, A., Carpentieri, P. & Cerri, J.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 86 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2021-07-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251346303

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Handbook for data collection on recreational fisheries in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea by Grati, F., Carlson, A., Carpentieri, P. & Cerri, J. Pdf

Marine recreational fisheries are an integral part of Mediterranean and Black Sea coastal life and are commonly practiced throughout the region. Recreational fisheries also represent an important driver of coastal tourism, which constitutes one of the region’s most important maritime sectors in terms of gross value added and employment. However, despite their ubiquity and potential socio-economic contribution, recreational fisheries are a data-poor sector and can vary widely from one country to another, thus impairing proper consideration of the recreational fisheries sector in policy-making and undermining efforts towards sustainable fisheries management at the regional level. The main goal of this handbook is therefore to provide a clear methodological framework to allow Mediterranean and Black Sea countries to implement suitably harmonized sampling and survey monitoring schemes for recreational fisheries. This handbook establishes a minimum set of necessary information for monitoring recreational fisheries, while, at the same time, allowing for flexibility to accommodate national specificities and data collection needs. It also provide guidance on the data analysis process as well as advice to successfully engage stakeholders in the data collection process.

Report of the expert meeting on fisheries-related other effective area-based conservation measures in the Mediterranean

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Report of the expert meeting on fisheries related other effective area based conservation measures in the Mediterranean Book PDF

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2023-07-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251377253

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Report of the expert meeting on fisheries-related other effective area-based conservation measures in the Mediterranean by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

The expert meeting on fisheries-related other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) in the Mediterranean was co-organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) and held online from 16 to 17 February 2022. It sought to establish a way forward for identifying fisheries-related OECMs in the Mediterranean region and provide technical input to prepare and test FAO’s practical guidance for the establishment and management of OECMs in marine fisheries. The main points covered during the expert meeting included: introducing participants to the OECM concept; the initial application of the criteria for OECMs, as determined by the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), to a set of case studies and fisheries-related measures in the region; the compilation and discussion of main challenges related to the application of the criteria, with initial recommendations on how to address them; an initial screening of eight Mediterranean case studies against the OECM criteria; agreement on next steps to undertake a more in-depth evaluation of the case studies presented for discussions during GFCM subregional committee meetings; and the assessment of the implications, opportunities and potential difficulties that arise from identifying fishery-related OECMs in the Mediterranean.

Women in fisheries in the Mediterranean and Black Sea region: roles, challenges and opportunities

Merayo, E.,Vakhitova, V.,Carlson, A.
Women in fisheries in the Mediterranean and Black Sea region roles challenges and opportunities Book PDF

Author : Merayo, E.,Vakhitova, V.,Carlson, A.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2024-03-07
Category : Education
ISBN : 9789251386156

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Women in fisheries in the Mediterranean and Black Sea region: roles, challenges and opportunities by Merayo, E.,Vakhitova, V.,Carlson, A. Pdf

Women play active roles throughout the fisheries value chain in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, including participating in pre-harvest activities like vessel and gear construction and maintenance, harvest activities both on board fishing vessels and from shore, and post-harvest activities such as sorting, cleaning, processing and marketing the catch, as well as in activities associated with running the fishing business, such as bookkeeping. Furthermore, women are actively engaged throughout the region in fisheries research and fisheries administrations. Despite the wide and varied roles played by women in fisheries, their contributions to the sector are often not captured in official statistics and can therefore go unrecognized, reinforcing existing gender inequalities and potentially leading to inadvertent discrimination. At the same time, a lack of consideration of women working in the sector can also mean that their knowledge and experience is overlooked and not sufficiently profited from. Recognizing the importance of taking the roles, needs and experiences of women into account when addressing social, economic and environmental issues related to the fishing sector, this study aims at narrowing research gaps in the region regarding gender and fisheries, as well as supporting the commitments of Mediterranean and Black Sea countries to promoting gender equality.

Indicators for Sustainable Aquaculture in Mediterranean and Black Sea Countries

Davide Fezzardi
Indicators for Sustainable Aquaculture in Mediterranean and Black Sea Countries Book PDF

Author : Davide Fezzardi
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Aquaculture
ISBN : UCSD:31822038706008

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Indicators for Sustainable Aquaculture in Mediterranean and Black Sea Countries by Davide Fezzardi Pdf

This publication provides guidance for the use of indicators to monitor the sustainable development of aquaculture in Mediterranean and Black Sea countries. It mainly draws upon the outcomes of the activities carried out within the InDAM project on "Indicators for Sustainable Development of Aquaculture and Guidelines for their use in Mediterranean", funded by the European Commission Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (DG MARE), as well as the outputs of other projects and initiatives dealing with Mediterranean aquaculture sustainability.

Farmed aquatic food for all tastes

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Farmed aquatic food for all tastes Book PDF

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2023-05-10
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251377772

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Farmed aquatic food for all tastes by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

Few foods are as central to Mediterranean and Black Sea culture as aquatic foods. They inspire culinary traditions, provide livelihoods for hundreds of thousands of people and offer a healthy source of protein. A large portion of these foods – almost 3 million tonnes annually, in fact – originate from aquaculture farms. The sector is also an important source of jobs, a key pillar of coastal and rural communities and a means to increase aquatic food production without exceeding the natural productivity of wild fish stocks. However, the benefits of the aquaculture sector are not well known to many in the region. This publication presents a journey through the Mediterranean and Black Sea aquaculture sector, highlighting its benefits and debunking myths, and showcases culinary traditions and recipes, detailing how to best enhance the culinary value of the region’s farmed species. Each chapter pairs the story of a successful, pioneering producer making waves in the region with an enticing recipe prepared by the chefs of the Institut Paul Bocuse Research Centre. Join and follow twelve species, each chosen for their importance and potential in the region, on the path from their farm to your plate.

Catalogue of fishing gear in the Mediterranean and Black Sea region

Lucchetti, A., Petetta, A., Bdioui, M., Gökçe, G., Saber, M., Sacchi, J., Ozbilgin, H., Carlson, A., Carpentieri, P.
Catalogue of fishing gear in the Mediterranean and Black Sea region Book PDF

Author : Lucchetti, A., Petetta, A., Bdioui, M., Gökçe, G., Saber, M., Sacchi, J., Ozbilgin, H., Carlson, A., Carpentieri, P.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2023-10-30
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9789251380550

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Catalogue of fishing gear in the Mediterranean and Black Sea region by Lucchetti, A., Petetta, A., Bdioui, M., Gökçe, G., Saber, M., Sacchi, J., Ozbilgin, H., Carlson, A., Carpentieri, P. Pdf

The wide variety of marine species of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, found in different geographical subregions and habitats, has led to the development of a highly diversified fishing sector characterized by a broad range of fishing gear. Over time, harvesting marine resources has become more efficient due to a progressively improving understanding of the habits and behaviours of the various target species. In order to find ways to conserve fish resources and the marine environment, there is a need to further study these different types of fishing gear as well as to develop less impactful techniques. To this end, a comprehensive overview of fishing gear and methods in use in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea can facilitate the mitigation of incidental catch of vulnerable species, the mitigation of adverse impacts of fisheries on juvenile fish and discards, the decarbonization of fishing fleets through more energy efficient gear, the development of innovative gear to remove marine litter, and the reduction of lost, abandoned and otherwise discarded fishing gear, to name a few. This catalogue aims to provide such an overview and to describe the main technical characteristics and modes of use of fishing gear in operation in the region, considering specificities and differences not only at the regional level but also at the country and local levels.

Black Sea turbot

Aydın, I.,Küçük, E.,Polat, H.,Haşimoğlu, A.,Altuntaş, A.
Black Sea turbot Book PDF

Author : Aydın, I.,Küçük, E.,Polat, H.,Haşimoğlu, A.,Altuntaş, A.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 70 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2023-06-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789251379097

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Black Sea turbot by Aydın, I.,Küçük, E.,Polat, H.,Haşimoğlu, A.,Altuntaş, A. Pdf

In the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, aquaculture plays a major role in achieving food security and can deliver many socioeconomic benefits and help to maintain or increase production of aquatic foods while ensuring wild stocks are fished within their maximum sustainable yield. Given the importance of this sector and the growing demand for aquatic products, it is vital that aquaculture in the region be both sustainable and productive. In this regard, it is necessary to promote practices supporting the sustainability of the sector and maximize the sharing of technology and information in order to give producers all the necessary tools and information on aquaculture production. This manual aims to support this endeavour by presenting detailed information about the rearing practices of Black Sea turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). It provides an introduction into the status of the turbot aquaculture sector, as well as the necessary environmental conditions for optimal production. It also describes the production of live food for turbot larvae as well as the management of broodstock and the procedures for optimal larval and juvenile rearing. Finally, with a view to capitalizing on and promoting innovative technologies, it presents recent applications of biotechnologies to turbot production.

Report of the twenty-fourth session of the Scientific Advisory Committee on Fisheries, FAO headquarters, Rome, Italy, 20–23 June 2023

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Report of the twenty fourth session of the Scientific Advisory Committee on Fisheries FAO headquarters Rome Italy 20 23 June 2023 Book PDF

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 170 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2024-01-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251383766

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Report of the twenty-fourth session of the Scientific Advisory Committee on Fisheries, FAO headquarters, Rome, Italy, 20–23 June 2023 by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

This report presents the outcomes of the twenty-fourth session of the GFCM Scientific Advisory Committee on Fisheries. The Committee reviewed the work carried out during the 2022–2023 intersession, including in the context of the MedSea4Fish programme, and provided advice on the status of priority stocks and ecosystems and on potential management measures addressing key fisheries and vulnerable species in the Mediterranean. At the regional level, the Committee provided advice on: i) European eel, red coral and common dolphinfish fisheries in the Mediterranean; ii) minimum conservation reference size for GFCM priority species, including deep-water red shrimp and European hake at the regional level as well as small pelagics in the Adriatic sea and round sardinella in the eastern Mediterranean; and iii) the socioeconomic impacts of a potential extension of bottom trawling limits. With regard to small-scale fisheries, the Committee supported the need to revise the monitoring framework of the Regional Plan of Action for small-scale fisheries in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. It discussed additional work in support of the GFCM, endorsing dedicated research programmes, including on recreational fisheries and on jellyfish in the Alboran Sea, as well as a draft regional plan of action to monitor and mitigate interactions between fisheries and vulnerable species in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea and identified further actions towards the implementation of standardized monitoring plans for fisheries restricted areas (FRAs) and the development of pilot studies to identify boundaries of known vulnerable marine ecosystems. It also discussed issues related to decarbonization and climate change, estimation of discards and fishing capacity. In line with the subregional approach, the Committee formulated advice on i) blackspot seabream in the western Mediterranean; ii) small pelagics in the Alboran Sea; iii) a FRA in the Cabliers Coral Mound Province; iv) Norway lobster, red mullet and striped red mullet in the central Mediterranean; v) round sardinella, small-scale fisheries and non-indigenous species in the eastern Mediterranean; and vi) small pelagics and key demersal stocks in the Adriatic Sea. Finally, the Committee agreed upon its workplan for 2023–2025.

Report of the Ninth Meeting of Regional Fishery Body Secretariats’ Network – Rome, 2, 3 and 9 September 2022

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Report of the Ninth Meeting of Regional Fishery Body Secretariats Network Rome 2 3 and 9 September 2022 Book PDF

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 43 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2023-03-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251377017

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Report of the Ninth Meeting of Regional Fishery Body Secretariats’ Network – Rome, 2, 3 and 9 September 2022 by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

The Ninth Meeting of the Regional Fishery Body Secretariats’ Network (RSN-9) brought together Secretariats of regional fishery bodies (RFBs) with diverse mandates from all geographic regions, including FAO and non-FAO regional fishery bodies, marine and inland fishery advisory and management bodies and agreements, the United Nations Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (DOALOS), the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and other invited organizations. RSN-9 took place immediately before and after the Thirty-fifth Session of the Committee on Fisheries (COFI-35), which was held from 5 to 9 September 2022. As was the case with COFI, RSN-9 met in hybrid format, in person and virtually, via videoconference, to facilitate the participation of those who could not assist personally. For the first time, the meeting was convened over three days. The meeting allowed participants to exchange views and discuss global processes of particular relevance to RFBs. In addition, RSN-9 provided the opportunity to discuss the development and strengthening of RSN, which included the adoption of the RSN terms of reference and the subsequent amendment of the RSN rules of procedure, as well as a space for reflection on the outcomes of COFI 35 and their implications for regional fishery bodies. The meeting had a high level of participation, which underlined the role of the Network as a unique forum to foster cooperation, facilitate discussion and share experiences.