Glacial Isostasy Sea Level And Mantle Rheology

Author : R. Sabadini,K. Lambeck,E. Boschi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 705 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401133746

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Glacial Isostasy, Sea-Level and Mantle Rheology by R. Sabadini,K. Lambeck,E. Boschi Pdf

by K. Lambeck, R. Sabadini and E. B08Chi Viscosity is one of the important material properties of the Earth, controlling tectonic and dynamic processes such as mantle convection, isostasy, and glacial rebound. Yet it remains a poorly resolved parameter and basic questions such as whether the planet's response to loading is linear or non-linear, or what are its depth and lateral variations remain uncertain. Part of the answer to such questions lies in laboratory observations of the rheology of terrestrial materials. But the extrapolation of such measurements from the laboratory environment to the geological environment is a hazardous and vexing undertaking, for neither the time scales nor the strain rates characterizing the geological processes can be reproduced in the laboratory. General rules for this extrapolation are that if deformation is observed in the laboratory at a particular temperature, deformation in geological environments will occur at a much reduced temperature, and that if at laboratory strain rates a particular deformation mechanism dominates over all others, the relative importance of possible mechanisms may be quite different at the geologically encountered strain rates. Hence experimental results are little more than guidelines as to how the Earth may respond to forces on long time scales.

Author : Patrick Wu
Publisher : Trans Tech Publications Ltd
Page : 656 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1998-05-11
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783035739879

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Dynamics of the Ice Age Earth by Patrick Wu Pdf

Although the last Ice Age ended about ten thousand years ago, its effects are still influencing human activities today - for example: coastal engineering, siting of nuclear waste depositories, intraplate earthquake mitigation, inaccuracy of a global positioning due to changes in the Geodetic Reference Frame, etc. The recognition of Ice Ages and glacial isostasy led to the first scientific revolution in earth science. During the last few decades, studies of the Dynamics of the Ice Age Earth have brought together various disciplines - including geomorphology, geodynamics, rock and ice rheology, geodesy, glaciology, oceanography, climatology, astronomy, engineering and archeology.Recent interest in the subject has surged forward due to new advances in space-age geodetic techniques and new developments in modeling methods.

Author : Ian Jackson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 600 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2000-06-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521785669

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The Earth's Mantle by Ian Jackson Pdf

Authoritative review of composition, structure and evolution of the mantle for researchers and graduate students.

Author : John A. Church,Philip L. Woodworth,Thorkild Aarup,W. Stanley Wilson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 458 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2010-12-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781444340778

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Understanding Sea-level Rise and Variability by John A. Church,Philip L. Woodworth,Thorkild Aarup,W. Stanley Wilson Pdf

Understanding Sea-Level Rise and Variability identifies the major impacts of sea-level rise, presents up-to-date assessments of past sea-level change, thoroughly explores all of the factors contributing to sea-level rise, and explores how sea-level extreme events might change. It identifies what is known in each area and what research and observations are required to reduce the uncertainties in our understanding of sea-level rise so that more reliable future projections can be made. A synthesis of findings provides a concise summary of past, present and future sea-level rise and its impacts on society. Key Features: Book includes contributions from a range of international sea level experts Multidisciplinary Four color throughout Describes the limits of our understanding of this crucial issue as well as pointing to directions for future research The book is for everyone interested in sea-level rise and its impacts, including policy makers, research funders, scientists, students, coastal managers and engineers. Additional resources for this book can be found at: http://www.wiley.com/go/church/sealevel.

Author : Doeke Eisma
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2021-04-15
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781000157758

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Climate ChangeImpact on Coastal Habitation by Doeke Eisma Pdf

Temperature and precipitation increase and decrease because of natural causes. However, anthropogenic changes, such as an enhanced greenhouse effect, may result in alterations in the regional climate and in relative sea level. Serious changes in climate and sea level-with adverse effects particularly along low-lying coasts-would affect millions of people. Climate Change takes an in-depth, worldwide look at coastal habitation with respect to these natural and anthropogenic changes. No universally applicable coastal model can be used to describe climatic changes. This unique book provides individual discussions of beaches and barrier islands, cliffs, deltas, tidal flats and wetlands, reefs, and atolls. The impact of climatic change on coastal ecology and agriculture is investigated, and human responses to the effects of climatic change along the world's coasts are included.

Author : Thomas K. Weddle,Michael J. Retelle
Publisher : Geological Society of America
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Science
ISBN : 0813723515

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Deglacial History and Relative Sea-level Changes, Northern New England and Adjacent Canada by Thomas K. Weddle,Michael J. Retelle Pdf

The 13 papers in this collection examine the coastal regions, the Gulf of Maine, and the continental shelf off of Atlantic Canada in context with new radiocarbon age analyses, providing a detailed history of climate changes, marine transgression, emergence, and relative sea- level history. Specific topics include deglaciation of the Gulf of Maine, Late Quaternary morphogenesis of a marine-limit delta plain in southwest Maine, morainal banks and the deglaciation of coastal Maine, and glacial dynamics, deglaciation, and marine invasion in southern Quebec. Material originated at a March 1998 symposium held in Maine at the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Northeastern Section of the Geological Society of America. Weddle is affiliated with the Maine Geological Survey. Retelle teaches geology at Bates College. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR.

Author : Cary Mock
Publisher : Newnes
Page : 3883 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780444536426

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Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science by Cary Mock Pdf

The second revised edition of the Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science, Four Volume Set, provides both students and professionals with an up-to-date reference work on this important and highly varied area of research. There are lots of new articles, and many of the articles that appeared in the first edition have been updated to reflect advances in knowledge since 2006, when the original articles were written. The second edition will contain about 375 articles, written by leading experts around the world. This major reference work is richly illustrated with more than 3,000 illustrations, most of them in colour. Research in the Quaternary sciences has advanced greatly in the last 10 years, especially since topics like global climate change, geologic hazards and soil erosion were put high on the political agenda. This second edition builds upon its award-winning predecessor to provide the reader assured quality along with essential updated coverage Contains 357 broad-ranging articles (4310 pages) written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with a ready reference resource for information in the field. Facilitates teaching and learning The first edition was regarded by many as the most significant single overview of Quaternary science ever, yet Editor-in-Chief, Scott Elias, has managed to surpass that in this second edition by securing even more expert reviews whilst retaining his renowned editorial consistency that enables readers to navigates seamlessly from one unfamiliar topic to the next

Author : Bruce Douglas,Michael S. Kearney,Stephen P. Leatherman
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2000-10-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080516790

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Sea Level Rise by Bruce Douglas,Michael S. Kearney,Stephen P. Leatherman Pdf

Sea Level Rise, History and Consequences includes a special emphasis on the evidence for historical sea level change; case studies are used to demonstrate the resulting consequences. A CD-ROM is included which contain tide gauge data and trends of relative sea level from the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level. The material on the CD-ROM is either in the form of text files, or web sites that can be opened by widely available web-browsers. Sea level is expected to rise as much as 60-100 centimeters over the next century due to greenhouse-induced global warming -- or at least that is what the some scientists predict. However, the concept of sea level is extremely complex, which makes the prediction of sea level rise anything but certain. The reviewers are in consensus in enthusiastically endorsing this comprehensive book and CD-ROM treatment. This book will be a comprehensive review of the subject using the data themselves (on CD-ROM) to illustrate the principles involved, rather than detailed mathematical treatments. The book should be readily accessible to upper division and first-year graduate students in the environmental sciences, geography, geology, and other interdisciplinary fields. Four pages (up to 16 pages) of color in the printed text. The book will have wide appeal. It will be read by geologists, geophysicists, climatologists, oceanographers, meteorologists, environmental scientists, geomorphologists, coastal engineers, and policy makers in all of these fields.

Author : Geological Society of London
Publisher : Geological Society of London
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Science
ISBN : 1862390541

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Holocene Land-ocean Interaction and Environmental Change Around the North Sea by Geological Society of London Pdf

Author : R.D. van der Hilst,W.F. McDonough
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1999-10-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080529453

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Composition, Deep Structure and Evolution of Continents by R.D. van der Hilst,W.F. McDonough Pdf

The ensemble of manuscripts presented in this special volume captures the stimulating cross-disciplinary dialogue from the International Symposium on Deep Structure, Composition, and Evolution of Continents, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 15-17 October 1997. It will provide an update on recent research developments and serve as a starting point for research of the many outstanding issues. After its formation at mid-oceanic spreading centers, oceanic lithosphere cools, thickens, and subsides, until it subducts into the deep mantle beneath convergent margins. As a result of this continuous recycling process oceanic lithosphere is typically less than 200 million years old (the global average is about 80 Myr). A comprehensive, multi-disciplinary study of continents involves a wide range of length scales: tiny rock samples and diamond inclusions may yield isotope and trace element signatures diagnostic for the formation age and evolution of (parts of) cratons, while geophysical techniques (e.g., seismic and electromagnetic imaging) constrain variations of elastic and conductive properties over length scales ranging from several to many thousand kilometers. Integrating and reconciling this information is far from trivial and, as several papers in this volume document, the relationships between, for instance, formation age and tectonic behavior on the one hand and the seismic signature, heat flow, and petrology on the other may not be uniform but may vary both within as well as between cratons. These observations complicate attempts to determine the variations of one particular observable (e.g., heat flow, lithosphere thickness) as a function of another (e.g., crustal age) on the basis of global data compilations and tectonic regionalizations. Important conclusions of the work presented here are that (1) continental deformation, for instance shortening, is not restricted to the crust but also involves the lithospheric mantle; (2) the high wavespeed part of continental lithospheric mantle is probably thinner than inferred previously from vertically travelling body waves or form global surface-wave models; and (3) the seismic signature of ancient continents is more complex than expected from a uniform relationship with crustal age.

Author : Giorgio Ranalli
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 442 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1995-05-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 0412546701

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Rheology of the Earth by Giorgio Ranalli Pdf

Beginning with basic principles, this advanced text gives a complete treatment of deformation and flow of earth materials from both the continuum mechanics and the microphysical viewpoints. It covers the role and consequences of rheological processes in geophysics and geodynamics in a quantitative and authoritative manner. The second edition of this successful text: provides the only unified treatment of the rheology of the Earth at this level, making it useful to students and researchers alike; includes discussions of seismology, mantle convection and plate tectonics; is completely up to date, providing a much needed account of thermal and mechanical processes in geodynamics.

Author : W. Richard Peltier
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 627 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642850165

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Ice in the Climate System by W. Richard Peltier Pdf

According to my latest model for the last glacial maximum (LGM) (Grosswald 1988), the Arctic continental margin of Eurasia was glaciated by the Eurasian ice sheet, which consisted of three interconnected ice domes --the Scandinavian, Kara, and East Siberian. The Kara Sea glacier was largely a marine ice dome grounded on the sea's continental shelf. The ice dome discharged its ice in all directions, northward into the deep Arctic Basin, southward and westward onto the mainland of west-central North Siberia, the northern Russian Plain, and over the Barents shelf into the Norwegian-Greenland Sea On the Barents shelf, the Kara ice dome merged with the Scandinavian ice dome. In the Arctic Basin the discharged ice floated and eventually coalesced with the floating glacier ice of the North-American provenance giving rise to the Central-Arctic ice shelf. Along its southern margin, the Kara ice dome impounded the northward flowing rivers, causing the formation of large proglaciallakes and their integration into a transcontinental meltwater drainage system. Despite the constant increase in corroborating evidence, the concept of a Kara ice dome is still considered debatable, and the ice dome itself problematic. As a result, a paleogeographic uncertainty takes place, which is aggravated by the fact that a great deal of existing knowledge, no matter how broadly accepted, is based on ambiguous interpretations of the data, most of which are published in Russian and, therefore, not easily available to western scientists.

Author : J. Pluet,P.A. Pirazzoli
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 1991-11-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080870961

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World Atlas of Holocene Sea-Level Changes by J. Pluet,P.A. Pirazzoli Pdf

This timely study is concerned with the current record of sea-level changes during the past 10,000 years; their rates, and our ability to estimate these changes accurately. The author begins with an extensive introduction to the subject, covering the historical background and the possible causes of sea-level changes and the main methods used to reconstruct former sea-level positions. The second and main part of the Atlas provides a worldwide review of Holocene sea level changes by assembling some 800 local relative sea-level curves, deduced from field data from all parts of the world, and comparing these with over 100 curves predicted by geophysical models. This data is compiled in 77 regional plates, each containing 4-20 relative sea-level curves drawn to the same scale. These plates enable a visual assessment of geological trends in sea-level during the Holocene to be made. Comparing this data with trends deduced from tide gauges and near-future trends predicted by climate models, should enable more accurate assessment of near future sea-level changes on a local scale. The regional plates are fully annotated with locations, authors' names, year of publication and some indicative values of the spring tidal range in the region, as well as an accompanying text of comments. Finally, the author provides a state of the art review, proposes improvements in methodology and suggests directions for further study. An extensive bibliography of over 750 references, and two indexes complete the study. This comprehensive work contains data and interpretations of value to all those with an interest in regional geography, climatology, sea-level change, and environmental science.

Author : Jean Ellis,Douglas J. Sherman
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 591 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2014-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780123965387

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Coastal and Marine Hazards, Risks, and Disasters by Jean Ellis,Douglas J. Sherman Pdf

Sea and Ocean Hazards, Risks and Disasters provides a scientific approach to those hazards and disasters related to the Earth's coasts and oceans. This is the first book to integrate scientific, social, and economic issues related to disasters such as hazard identification, risk analysis, and planning, relevant hazard process mechanics, discussions of preparedness, response, and recovery, and the economics of loss and remediation. Throughout the book cases studies are presented of historically relevant hazards and disasters as well as the many recent catastrophes. Contains contributions from experts in the field selected by a world-renowned editorial board Cutting-edge discussion of natural hazard topics that affect the lives and livelihoods of millions of humans worldwide Numerous full-color tables, GIS maps, diagrams, illustrations, and photographs of hazardous processes in action will be included

Author : Ian Shennan,Antony J. Long,Benjamin P. Horton
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 631 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2015-05-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118452585

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Handbook of Sea-Level Research by Ian Shennan,Antony J. Long,Benjamin P. Horton Pdf

Measuring sea-level change – be that rise or fall – is one of the most pressing scientific goals of our time and requires robust scientific approaches and techniques. This Handbook aims to provide a practical guide to readers interested in this challenge, from the initial design of research approaches through to the practical issues of data collection and interpretation from a diverse range of coastal environments. Building on thirty years of international research, the Handbook comprises 38 chapters that are authored by leading experts from around the world. The Handbook will be an important resource to scientists interested and involved in understanding sea-level changes across a broad range of disciplines, policy makers wanting to appreciate our current state of knowledge of sea-level change over different timescales, and many teachers at the university level, as well as advanced-level undergraduates and postgraduate research students, wanting to learn more about sea-level change. Additional resources for this book can be found at: www.wiley.com\go\shennan\sealevel