Gradience In Grammar

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Gradience in Grammar

Gisbert Fanselow,Caroline Fery,Matthias Schlesewsky,Ralf Vogel
Gradience in Grammar Book PDF

Author : Gisbert Fanselow,Caroline Fery,Matthias Schlesewsky,Ralf Vogel
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2006-10-19
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780191515286

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Gradience in Grammar by Gisbert Fanselow,Caroline Fery,Matthias Schlesewsky,Ralf Vogel Pdf

This book represents the state of the art in the study of gradience in grammar - the degree to which utterances are acceptable or grammatical, and the relationship between acceptability and grammaticality. Gradience is at the centre of controversial issues in the theory of grammar and the understanding of language. The acceptability of words and sentences may be linked to the frequency of their use and measured on a scale. Among the questions considered in the book are: whether such measures are beyond the scope of a generative grammar or, in other words, whether the factors influencing acceptability are internal or external to grammar; whether observed gradience is a property of the mentally represented grammar or a reflection of variation among speakers; and what gradient phenomena reveal about the relationship between acceptability and grammaticality, and between competence and performance. The book is divided into four parts. Part I seeks to clarify the nature of gradience from the perspectives of phonology, generative syntax, psycholinguistics, and sociolinguistics. Parts II and III examine issues in phonology and syntax. Part IV considers long wh-movement from different methodological perspectives. The data discussed comes from a wide range of languages and dialects, and includes tone and stress patterns, word order variation, and question formation. Gradience in Grammar will interest linguists concerned with the understanding of syntax, phonology, language acquisition and variation, discourse, and the operations of language within the mind.

Gradience in Grammar

Gisbert Fanselow,Caroline Fery,Matthias Schlesewsky,Ralf Vogel
Gradience in Grammar Book PDF

Author : Gisbert Fanselow,Caroline Fery,Matthias Schlesewsky,Ralf Vogel
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780199274796

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Gradience in Grammar by Gisbert Fanselow,Caroline Fery,Matthias Schlesewsky,Ralf Vogel Pdf

This book represents the state of the art in the study of gradience in grammar - the degree to which utterances are acceptable or grammatical, and the relationship between acceptability and grammaticality. Gradience is at the centre of controversial issues in the theory of grammar and the understanding of language. The acceptability of words and sentences may be linked to the frequency of their use and measured on a scale. Among the questions considered in the book are: whether such measures are beyond the scope of a generative grammar or, in other words, whether the factors influencing acceptability are internal or external to grammar; whether observed gradience is a property of the mentally represented grammar or a reflection of variation among speakers; and what gradient phenomena reveal about the relationship between acceptability and grammaticality, and between competence and performance. The book is divided into four parts. Part I seeks to clarify the nature of gradience from the perspectives of phonology, generative syntax, psycholinguistics, and sociolinguistics. Parts II and III examine issues in phonology and syntax. Part IV considers long wh-movement from different methodological perspectives. The data discussed comes from a wide range of languages and dialects, and includes tone and stress patterns, word order variation, and question formation. Gradience in Grammar will interest linguists concerned with the understanding of syntax, phonology, language acquisition and variation, discourse, and the operations of language within the mind.

Syntactic Gradience

Bas Aarts
Syntactic Gradience Book PDF

Author : Bas Aarts
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2007-06-21
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780191527456

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Syntactic Gradience by Bas Aarts Pdf

This is the first exhaustive investigation of gradience in syntax, conceived of as grammatical indeterminacy. It looks at gradience in English word classes, phrases, clauses and constructions, and examines how it may be defined and differentiated. Professor Aarts addresses the tension between linguistic concepts and the continuous phenomena they describe by testing and categorizing grammatical vagueness and indeterminacy. He considers to what extent gradience is a grammatical phenomenon or a by-product of imperfect linguistic description, and makes a series of linked proposals for its theoretical formalization. Bas Aarts draws on, and reviews, work in psychology, philosophy and language from Aristotle to Chomsky., and writes clearly on a fascinating and important aspect of language and cognition. His book will appeal to scholars and graduate students of language and syntactic theory in departments of (English) linguistics, philosophy and cognitive science.

Variation and Gradience in Phonetics and Phonology

Frank Kügler,Caroline Féry,Ruben Vijver
Variation and Gradience in Phonetics and Phonology Book PDF

Author : Frank Kügler,Caroline Féry,Ruben Vijver
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 437 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2009-08-17
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110219326

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Variation and Gradience in Phonetics and Phonology by Frank Kügler,Caroline Féry,Ruben Vijver Pdf

This book provides an overview of current issues in variation and gradience in phonetics, phonology and sociolinguistics. It contributes to the growing interest in gradience and variation in theoretical phonology by combing research on the factors underlying variability and systematic quantitative results with theoretical phonological considerations. Variation is inherent to language, and one of the aims of phonological theory is to describe and explain the mechanisms underlying variation at every level of phonological representation. Variation below the segment concerns articulatory, acoustic and perceptual cues that contribute to the formation of natural classes of sounds. At the segmental level there are grammatical differences in the production and perception of contextual variation of segments and in the syntagmatic constraints on the combination of segments. At the suprasegmental level the mapping of tones to grammatical functions and vice versa is discussed. Further aspects addressed in this book are factors outside of language: Variation that arises as a result of a particular dialect or of belonging to a certain age group, or variation that is the consequence of language change. Gradience and variation have always been a central issue in phonetic and sociolinguistic research. Gradience introduces variation in phonology as well. If a phonetic entity can be pronounced in different ways, depending on the environment, prosodic factors or dialectal influences, this ‘gradience’ may introduce ‘variation’, which we understand as a stable state of grammar.

Syntactic Gradience

Bas Aarts
Syntactic Gradience Book PDF

Author : Bas Aarts
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2023
Category : Categorization (Linguistics)
ISBN : 1383035911

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Syntactic Gradience by Bas Aarts Pdf

An investigation of gradience in grammar, this title looks at gradience in English word classes, phrases, and constructions, and examines how it is recognized, defined, and differentiated. Aarts also makes a series of linked proposals for its theoretical formalization.

Gradient Acceptability and Linguistic Theory

Anonim
Gradient Acceptability and Linguistic Theory Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2021-12-15
Category : Grammar, Comparative and general
ISBN : 9780192898944

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Gradient Acceptability and Linguistic Theory by Anonim Pdf

This book examines a challenging problem at the intersection of theoretical linguistics and the psychology of language: the interpretation of gradient judgments of sentence acceptability in relation to theories of grammatical knowledge. Acceptability judgments constitute the primary source of data on which such theories have been built, despite being susceptible to various extra-grammatical factors. Through a review of experimental and corpus-based research on a variety of syntactic phenomena and an in-depth examination of two case studies, Elaine J. Francis argues for two main positions. The first is that converging evidence from online comprehension tasks, elicited production tasks, and corpora of naturally-occurring discourse can help to determine the sources of variation in acceptability judgments and to narrow down the range of plausible theoretical interpretations. The second is that the interpretation of judgment data depends crucially on the theoretical commitments and assumptions made, especially with respect to the nature of the syntax-semantics interface and the choice of either a categorical or a gradient notion of grammaticality. The theoretical frameworks considered in this book include derivational theories (e.g. Minimalism, Principles and Parameters), constraint-based theories (e.g. Sign-based Construction Grammar, Simpler Syntax), competition-based theories (e.g. Stochastic Optimality Theory, Decathlon Model), and usage-based approaches. The volume shows that while acceptability judgment data are typically compatible with the assumptions of various theoretical frameworks, some gradient phenomena are best captured within frameworks that permit soft constraints-non-categorical grammatical constraints that encode the conventional preferences of language users.

Syntactic Gradience

Bas Aarts
Syntactic Gradience Book PDF

Author : Bas Aarts
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 295 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2007-06-21
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780199219261

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Syntactic Gradience by Bas Aarts Pdf

This is the first exhaustive investigation of gradience in syntax, conceived of as grammatical indeterminacy. It looks at gradience in English word classes, phrases, clauses and constructions, and examines how it may be recognized, defined, and differentiated. Bas Aarts considers the degree to which gradience is a grammatical phenomenon or a by-product of imperfect linguistic description, and makes a series of linked proposals for its theoretical formalization. His book will appeal to scholars and students of language and syntactic theory in departments of linguistics, philosophy and cognitive science.

Gradience, Gradualness and Grammaticalization

Elizabeth Closs Traugott,Graeme Trousdale
Gradience Gradualness and Grammaticalization Book PDF

Author : Elizabeth Closs Traugott,Graeme Trousdale
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2010-02-24
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027288448

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Gradience, Gradualness and Grammaticalization by Elizabeth Closs Traugott,Graeme Trousdale Pdf

This volume, which emerged from a workshop at the New Reflections on Grammaticalization 4 conference held at KU Leuven in July 2008, contains a collection of papers which investigate the relationship between synchronic gradience and the apparent gradualness of linguistic change, largely from the perspective of grammaticalization. In addition to versions of the papers presented at the workshop, the volume contains specially commissioned contributions, some of which offer commentaries on a subset of the other articles. The articles address a number of themes central to grammaticalization studies, such as the role of reanalysis and analogy in grammaticalization, the formal modelling of grammaticalization, and the relationship between formal and functional change, using data from a range of languages, and (in some cases) from particular electronic corpora. The volume will be of specific interest to historical linguists working on grammaticalization, and general linguists working on the interface between synchrony and diachrony.

Formal Grammar

Philippe de Groote,Markus Egg,Laura Kallmeyer
Formal Grammar Book PDF

Author : Philippe de Groote,Markus Egg,Laura Kallmeyer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2011-04-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642201684

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Formal Grammar by Philippe de Groote,Markus Egg,Laura Kallmeyer Pdf

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Formal Grammar 2009, held in Bordeaux, France, in July 2009. The 13 revised full papers presented, including two invited talks, were carefully reviewed and selected from 26 submissions. These articles in this book give an overview of new and original research on formal grammar, mathematical linguistics and the application of formal and mathematical methods to the study of natural language.

Linguistic Intuitions

Samuel Schindler,Anna Drożdżowicz,Karen Brøcker
Linguistic Intuitions Book PDF

Author : Samuel Schindler,Anna Drożdżowicz,Karen Brøcker
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2020-08-14
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9780198840558

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Linguistic Intuitions by Samuel Schindler,Anna Drożdżowicz,Karen Brøcker Pdf

This book examines the evidential status and use of linguistic intuitions, a topic that has seen increased interest in recent years. Linguists use native speakers' intuitions - such as whether or not an utterance sounds acceptable - as evidence for theories about language, but this approach is not uncontroversial. The two parts of this volume draw on the most recent work in both philosophy and linguistics to explore the two major issues at the heart of the debate. Chapters in the first part address the 'justification question', critically analysing and evaluating the theoretical rationale for the evidential use of linguistic intuitions. The second part discusses recent developments in the domain of experimental syntax, focusing on the question of whether formal and systematic models of gathering intuitions are epistemically and methodologically superior to the informal methods that have traditionally been used. The volume provides valuable insights into whether and how linguistic intuitions can be used in theorizing about language, and will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in linguistics, philosophy, and cognitive science.

Gradience, Gradualness and Grammaticalization

Elizabeth Closs Traugott,Graeme Trousdale
Gradience Gradualness and Grammaticalization Book PDF

Author : Elizabeth Closs Traugott,Graeme Trousdale
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027206718

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Gradience, Gradualness and Grammaticalization by Elizabeth Closs Traugott,Graeme Trousdale Pdf

This volume, which emerged from a workshop at the "New Reflections on Grammaticalization 4" conference held at KU Leuven in July 2008, contains a collection of papers which investigate the relationship between synchronic gradience and the apparent gradualness of linguistic change, largely from the perspective of grammaticalization. In addition to versions of the papers presented at the workshop, the volume contains specially commissioned contributions, some of which offer commentaries on a subset of the other articles. The articles address a number of themes central to grammaticalization studies, such as the role of reanalysis and analogy in grammaticalization, the formal modelling of grammaticalization, and the relationship between formal and functional change, using data from a range of languages, and (in some cases) from particular electronic corpora. The volume will be of specific interest to historical linguists working on grammaticalization, and general linguists working on the interface between synchrony and diachrony.

Interfaces in Functional Discourse Grammar

Lucía Contreras-García,Daniel García Velasco
Interfaces in Functional Discourse Grammar Book PDF

Author : Lucía Contreras-García,Daniel García Velasco
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 510 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2021-08-23
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110711714

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Interfaces in Functional Discourse Grammar by Lucía Contreras-García,Daniel García Velasco Pdf

In grammar design, a basic distinction is made between derivational and modular architectures. This raises the question of which organization of grammar can deal with linguistic phenomena more appropriately. The studies contained in the present volume explore the interface relations between different levels of linguistic representation in Functional Discourse Grammar as presented in Hengeveld and Mackenzie (2008) and Keizer (2015). This theory analyses linguistic expressions at four linguistic levels: interpersonal, representational, morphosyntactic and phonological. The articles address issues such as the possible correspondences and mismatches between those levels as well as the conditions which constrain the combinations of levels in well-formed expressions. Additionally, the theory is tested by examining various grammatical phenomena with a focus both on the English language and on typological adequacy: anaphora, raising, phonological reduction, noun incorporation, reflexives and reciprocals, serial verbs, the passive voice, time measurement constructions, coordination, nominal modification, and connectives. Overall, the volume provides both theoretical and descriptive insights which are of relevance to linguistics in general.

Interfaces in Functional Discourse Grammar

Lucia Contreras-García,Daniel García Velasco
Interfaces in Functional Discourse Grammar Book PDF

Author : Lucia Contreras-García,Daniel García Velasco
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 457 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2021-08-23
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110711592

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Interfaces in Functional Discourse Grammar by Lucia Contreras-García,Daniel García Velasco Pdf

In grammar design, a basic distinction is made between derivational and modular architectures. This raises the question of which organization of grammar can deal with linguistic phenomena more appropriately. The studies contained in the present volume explore the interface relations between different levels of linguistic representation in Functional Discourse Grammar as presented in Hengeveld and Mackenzie (2008) and Keizer (2015). This theory analyses linguistic expressions at four linguistic levels: interpersonal, representational, morphosyntactic and phonological. The articles address issues such as the possible correspondences and mismatches between those levels as well as the conditions which constrain the combinations of levels in well-formed expressions. Additionally, the theory is tested by examining various grammatical phenomena with a focus both on the English language and on typological adequacy: anaphora, raising, phonological reduction, noun incorporation, reflexives and reciprocals, serial verbs, the passive voice, time measurement constructions, coordination, nominal modification, and connectives. Overall, the volume provides both theoretical and descriptive insights which are of relevance to linguistics in general.

Kaleidoscopic Grammar

Junichi Toyota
Kaleidoscopic Grammar Book PDF

Author : Junichi Toyota
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 199 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2020-06-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781527554771

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Kaleidoscopic Grammar by Junichi Toyota Pdf

This monograph deals with binary features in the evolution of human civilisation and cognition, with a particular focus on language. Our life is surrounded by various pairs of binary features, and this is termed binarism in this work. Binarism is pervasive, ranging from nature (biological) to culture (anthropological and archaeological) and, without a doubt, to language. Binarim serves as a good base for further development, and as a system becomes more complex, binarism is broken and more complex systems involving third or fourth options emerge. In the case of language, the earliest human language, as argued here, consisted only of nouns; however, these nouns had a distinction between active and inactive nouns. The active nouns referred to action or productivity, which later turned into verbs and inactive nouns stayed as nouns. It was during this period that language became equipped with a base to develop further with a distinction between noun and verb. This is the onset of various changes towards the complexity of modern languages, essentially, kaleidoscopic grammar. Various changes in language stem from binarism, and as languages evolve, the pairs such as noun v. verb are broken and a grammatical system in general becomes more complex. The importance of binarism is not restricted to language and it is a powerful tool in evolution at different levels. The pervasiveness of binarism is a specific feature that should not be overlooked in evolution as a whole.

The Origins of Grammar

James R. Hurford
The Origins of Grammar Book PDF

Author : James R. Hurford
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 808 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780199207879

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The Origins of Grammar by James R. Hurford Pdf

The second in James Hurford's acclaimed two-volume exploration of the biological evolution of language explores the evolutionary and cultural preconditions and consequences of humanity's great leap into language.