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Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 946395449X
Author : Juan Pablo Silva Vinasco
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 195 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2021-02-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000293203
Ecotechnologies for wastewater treatment (EWWT) have been used as a cost-effective alternative to conventional wastewater treatment methods for improving the removal of organic carbon, nutrients and pathogenic microorganisms from wastewater. However, due to biochemical transformations of organic matter and nutrients EWWT are net sources of CO2, CH4 and N2O greenhouse gases (GHGs), which may be transferred into the atmosphere contributing to global warming. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ecotechnologies for Wastewater Treatment provides scientific information about greenhouse gas, such as CO2, CH4 and N2O, generation and emissions from different municipal EWWT. The main EWWT considered in this book are anaerobic ponds, facultative ponds, duckweed-based ponds, and a freshwater natural wetland perturbed by anthropogenic activities such as wastewater discharge and nutrients from agricultural run-off. The book includes a full literature review of recent publications about GHGs emissions from EWWT. It also introduces the calculation of GHGs flux using a static chamber technique. Besides, the book presents information on the influence of environmental factors such as temperature, pH, DO, and nutrients on GHG emissions produced in EWWT under tropical conditions. This book will be a useful reference for researches and students interested in the broader area of water and climate change subjects. The publication may also be of interest to policy makers concerned with climate change, water sector planning, and wastewater treatment.
Author : Xinmin Zhan,Zhenhu Hu,Guangxue Wu
Publisher : IWA Publishing
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2018-01-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781780406305
The wide adoption of wastewater treatment processes and use of novel technologies for improvement of nitrogen and phosphorus removals from wastewater have been introduced to meet stringent discharge standards. Municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs) are one of major contributors to the increase in the global GHG emissions and therefore it is necessary to carry out intensive studies on quantification, assessment and characterization of GHG emissions in wastewater treatment plants, on the life cycle assessment from GHG emission prospective, and on the GHG mitigation strategies. Greenhouse Gas Emission and Mitigation in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants summarizes the recent development in studies of greenhouse gas emissions (N2O, CH4 and CO2) in MWWTPs. It also summarizes the development in life cycle assessment on GHG emissions in consideration of the energy usage in MWWTPs. The strategies in mitigating GHG emissions are discussed and the book provides an overview for researchers, students, water professionals and policy makers on GHG emission and mitigation in MWWTPS and industrial wastewater treatment processes. The book is a valuable resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students in the water, climate, and energy areas of research. It is also a useful reference source for water professionals, government policy makers, and research institutes.
Author : Joel Smith,Carol Howe,Jim Henderson,Casey Brown,M. Neil Ward,Charles B. Bott,Denny S. Parker,Chittaranjan Ray,Environmental Center,Christopher P. Higgins,Jonathan Sharp,Clemens von Sonntag,Urs von Gunten
Publisher : IWA Publishing
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2009-09-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781843393047
Understand the effects of climate change on urban water and wastewater utilities with this collection of international scientific papers. Case studies and practical planning, mitigating and adapting information provided on greenhouse gases, energy use, and water supply and quality issues. This title is co-published with the American Water Works Association.
Author : Liu Ye,Jose Porro,Ingmar Nopens
Publisher : IWA Publishing
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2022-04-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 1789060451
With increased commitment from the international community to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from all sectors in accordance with the Paris Agreement, the water sector has never felt the pressure it is now under to transition to a low-carbon water management model. This requires reducing GHG emissions from grid-energy consumption (Scope 2 emissions), which is straightforward; however, it also requires reducing Scope 1 emissions, which include nitrous oxide and methane emissions, predominantly from wastewater handling and treatment. The pathways and factors leading to biological nitrous oxide and methane formation and emissions from wastewater are highly complex and site-specific. Good emission factors for estimating the Scope 1 emissions are lacking, water utilities have little experience in directly measuring these emissions, and the mathematical modelling of these emissions is challenging. Therefore, this book aims to help the water sector address the Scope 1 emissions by breaking down their pathways and influencing factors, and providing guidance on both the use of emission factors, and performing direct measurements of nitrous oxide and methane emissions from sewers and wastewater treatment plants. The book also dives into the mathematical modelling for predicting these emissions and provides guidance on the use of different mathematical models based upon your conditions, as well as an introduction to alternative modelling methods, including metabolic, data-driven, and AI methods. Finally, the book includes guidance on using the modelling tools for assessing different operating strategies and identifying promising mitigation actions. A must have book for anyone needing to understand, account for, and reduce water utility Scope 1 emissions.
Author : Nicholas F Gray
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 524 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2021-10-04
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781800610859
This book deals with natural treatment systems and the challenges the water industry faces in dealing with sustainability and the realisation of reaching Net Zero by 2030.Surface waters are all under threat, with freshwater ecosystems now facing unprecedented levels of contamination, even after a century of ever stricter legislation and regulation. The increase in population and especially in urbanization without sufficient planning and investment to ensure adequate wastewater collection and treatment coupled with the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with wastewater treatment is leading to a crisis in wastewater treatment in many countries.Natural treatment systems which use plants and soil micro-organisms are very much nature-based solutions and wherever applicable might offer sustainable and low emissions options for a range of wastewater problems protecting surface waters as well as creating new habitats to support and enhance wildlife diversity. In terms of circularity, natural treatment systems have the potential to produce a staggering array of useful and valuable by-products, including high-value compounds for the pharmaceutical industry.Related Link(s)
Author : Mahmoud Nasr,Abdelazim M. Negm
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 526 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2023-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783031129025
This is the second of two volumes that together provide a comprehensive overview of the current sustainable and low-cost wastewater treatment technologies applied in communities that lack the financial and technical resources needed for an environmental, disease prevention and health nexus. This book reviews engineered wastewater treatment technologies and discusses their application in regard to greenhouse gas emissions, natural resource utilization, land-use, and energy and water savings. The chapters from expert contributors cover topics such as aerobic and anaerobic biological treatments, chemical treatments and precipitation, and disinfection. Readers will also learn about simplified and low-energy wastewater treatment plants, strategies for wastewater reuse, and nanotechnologies for wastewater environmental management. The feasibility regarding time and cost of implementing such technologies is also discussed in this book, and particular attention is given to the removal of conventional and emerging pollutants, toxicants, and heavy metals. Given the breadth and depth of its coverage, the book offers an invaluable source of information for researchers, students and environmental managers alike.
Author : Jeff Foley,Zhiguo Yuan,Jurg Keller,Elena Senante,Kartik Chandran,John Willis,Anup Shah,Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht,Ellen van Voorthuizen
Publisher : IWA Publishing
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2015-05-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781780407333
In a world where there is a growing awareness of the possible effects of human activities on climate change, there is a need to identify the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). As a result of this growing awareness, governments started to implement regulations that require water authorities to report their GHG emissions. With these developments there exists a strong need for adequate insight into the emissions of N2O and CH4. With this insight water authorities would be able to estimate and finally reduce their emissions. The overall objectives of the different research programs performed by partners of the GWRC members WERF (United States of America), WSAA (Australia), CIRSEE-Suez (France) and STOWA (the Netherlands) were: To define the origin of N2O emission. To understand the formation processes of N2O. To identify the level of CH4 emissions from wastewater collection and treatment systems. To evaluate the use of generic emission factors to estimate the emission of N2O from individual plants
Author : Zhiguo Yuan,Jurg Keller,Elena Senante,Kartik Chandran,Anup Shah,John Willis,Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht,Ellen van Voorthuizen
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2015-05-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 1780407343
In a world where there is a growing awareness of the possible effects of human activities on climate change, there is a need to identify the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). As a result of this growing awareness, governments started to implement regulations that require water authorities to report their GHG emissions. With these developments there exists a strong need for adequate insight into the emissions of N2O and CH4. With this insight water authorities would be able to estimate and finally reduce their emissions. The overall objectives of the different research programs performed by partners of the GWRC members WERF (United States of America), WSAA (Australia), CIRSEE-Suez (France) and STOWA (the Netherlands) were: To define the origin of N2O emission. To understand the formation processes of N2O. To identify the level of CH4 emissions from wastewater collection and treatment systems. To evaluate the use of generic emission factors to estimate the emission of N2O from individual plants
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 61 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Greenhouse gases
ISBN : 0730675904
Author : Nicholas F Gray
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 626 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2023-02-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781800613898
Activated sludge is the most widely used biological wastewater treatment process globally to date, although its high energy demand makes it a major contributor of greenhouse gas emissions. Over recent decades it has been constantly modified and retrofitted to treat ever higher loads or improve effluent standards which have often resulted in even greater carbon emissions. Conventional activated sludge treatment is at a crossroads where new sustainable solutions are required if we are to protect the quality of our rivers and meet net-zero carbon targets.The book details current operation and design with special emphasis on the biological aspects of the process. From the microbial kinetics to the fascinating process of floc formation and development, the book explores the development of our understanding of the process looking at new sustainable designs, including biological nutrient removal and new aeration systems. Sludge separation problems and control options are explained, with a trouble-shooting guide to non-bulking problems. Environmental issues including noise, odor, aerosols, micro-plastics and nanoparticles are all reviewed, as is pathogen removal and the problem of antibiotic resistant genes and bacteria. The development of membrane bioreactors has increased process reliability and effluent quality, while integrated fixed-film activated sludge processes are more efficient and compact. The book concludes by exploring how activated sludge can become more sustainable, for example, by carbon harvesting and byproduct recovery.This interdisciplinary book is essential reading for both engineers and scientists whether training at university or practitioners and consultants in the wastewater industry.Related Link(s)
Author : Jose Porro,Liu Ye,Ingmar Nopens
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Electronic books
ISBN : 1789060478
Author : Nicholas F. Gray
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 524 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Electronic books
ISBN : 180061084X
"This handbook deals with natural treatment systems and the challenges the water industry faces in dealing with sustainability and the realisation of reaching Net Zero by 2030. Surface waters are all under threat, with freshwater ecosystems now facing unprecedented levels of contamination, even after a century of ever stricter legislation and regulation. The increase in population and especially in urbanization without sufficient planning and investment to ensure adequate wastewater collection and treatment coupled with the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with wastewater treatment is leading to a crisis in wastewater treatment in many countries. Natural treatment systems which use plants and soil micro-organisms are very much nature-based solutions and wherever applicable might offer sustainable and low emissions options for a range of wastewater problems protecting surface waters as well as creating new habitats to support and enhance wildlife diversity. In terms of circularity, natural treatment systems have the potential to produce a staggering array of useful and valuable by-products, including high-value compounds for the pharmaceutical industry"--
Author : Christine DeBarbadillo
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Nature
ISBN : 1780406924
This project was conducted under the WERF Nutrient Challenge program and included evaluation of operational practices and performance results for wastewater treatment plants designed to meet very low effluent total phosphorus (TP) concentrations. As stringent phosphorus limits of 0.1 mg/L and lower are becoming more common, there is a need to better understand factors impacting the sustainability of operating to meet these limits. This effort focuses on maximizing what can be learned from existing facilities to help utilities operate more sustainably while achieving the necessary level of performance. Eleven plants participated in this study. A number of these facilities had participated in earlier studies identifying phosphorus removal technologies and performance achieved and evaluating the reliability for achieving the needed effluent quality. Building upon this earlier work, each plant was assessed for its level of performance and operating practices associated with meeting low phosphorus limits. A carbon footprint calculation was developed to provide a comparison between facilities for greenhouse gas emissions associated with phosphorus removal operation. Several facilities also offered demonstration testing information and operating data to support an assessment of key issues that impact sustainable operation.
Author : Harold Leverenz,George Tchobanoglous,Jeannie L. Darby,Giampaolo Zuccheri,Nikolaos Asproulis,Giuseppe Mascolo,Alfieri Pollice,Gregory M. Adams
Publisher : IWA Publishing
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2011-12-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 1843396165
The emission rates of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from individual onsite septic systems used for the management of domestic wastewater were determined in this study. A static flux chamber method was used to determine the emission rates of methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide gases from eight septic tanks and two soil dispersal systems. A technique developed for the measurement of gas flow and concentration at clean-out ports was used to determine the mass flow of gases moving through the household drainage and vent system. There was general agreement in the methane emission rates for the flux chamber and vent system methods. Several sources of variability in the emission rates were also identified. The septic tank was the primary source of methane, whereas the soil dispersal system was the principal source of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions. Methane concentrations from the soil dispersal system were found to be near ambient concentrations, similarly negligible amounts of nitrous oxide were found in the septic tank. All emissions originating in the soil dispersal system were discharged through the building vent as a result of natural, wind-induced flow. The gaseous emission rate data were determined to be geometrically distributed. The geometric mean and standard deviation (sg) of the total atmospheric emission rates for methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide based on samples from the vent system were estimated to be 10.7 (sg = 1.65), 335 (sg = 2.13), and 0.20 (sg = 3.62) g/capita•d, respectively. The corresponding total anthropogenic CO2 equivalence (CO2e) of the GHG emissions to the atmosphere, is about 0.1 tonne CO2e/capita•yr.
