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Author : International Monetary,International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 18 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2021-07-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513588155
Selected Issues
Author : International Monetary,International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 18 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2021-11-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781616354572
Selected Issues
Author : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 57 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2017-12-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484333198
This paper explains the cashew economy and the unfolding of the 2017 campaign. At least half of all households are thought to be engaged in production, commercialization, or exportation of cashew nuts. The activity has at least four macroeconomic impacts: one, it injects liquidity to producers; two, owing to producers’ high propensity to consume, it impacts the price level; third, it is the main provider of foreign exchange via exports; and fourth, it is an important source of fiscal revenues. Despite streamlining of marketing arrangements over the years, cashew production is still subject to significant government intervention. Vested interests have traditionally permeated public policies, with nontransparent issuance of licenses and permits used in some instances to block competition. Cashew production started to expand during the 1980s and yearly output has over the years increased to currently about 200,000 tons. Native of north Brazil, cashew trees were introduced by the Portuguese during the colonial period but output remained negligible through to the country’s independence in 1973.
Author : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 49 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2015-07-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513541518
This Selected Issues paper aims at identifying some of the main channels of transmission through which political instability feeds and foster fragility and provide an estimate of the “fragility gap” that haunts the Bissau-Guinean society. This paper argued that, until today, due to chronic political instability, Guinea-Bissau has been in a costly fragility trap. This analytical piece argues that the major factor behind Guinea-Bissau’s fragility has been the chronic political instability. It also uncovers some of the main transmission channels from political instability to fragility and provides simple estimates about the cost of instability. Estimates based on reasonable assumptions reveal that, considering only Guinea-Bissau’s post-war period, without chronic political instability real GDP per capita could have been at least two thirds higher than its 2013 level. This assessment shows the crucial importance of the security sector reform. It also shows that the current estimated cost of the security sector reform is modest in comparison, since it puts into perspective its monetary costs—which are easy to calculate and mostly frontloaded—vis-à-vis its wide and deep benefits, which are not as explicit and accrue over time.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2015-11-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513564357
This Selected Issues paper provides an overview of financial access and inclusion indicators, related causal factors, and both current and possible reform priorities for on Papua New Guinea (PNG). The paper presents indicators of financial market depth, development, and access for PNG and compares PNG’s performance against that of other countries in the region, at similar levels of development, and beyond. It provides an overview of country-specific challenges facing PNG related to financial inclusion that helps to explain its performance, as well as possible reform priorities in the near term. The government’s current initiatives aimed at promoting financial sector development and inclusion and their preliminary results are also discussed.
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 61 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2004-11-10
Category : Civil service
ISBN : 1280920246
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 96 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Banks and banking
ISBN : 1280882611
Author : International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 11 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2014-12-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781616355296
This Selected Issues paper analyzes the sustainability of Papua New Guinea’s current and medium-term fiscal policy and its consistency with government objectives. The Papua New Guinea government faces major challenges in shaping a fiscal policy that promotes stability, meets development needs, and adheres to its debt ceilings over the medium term. It could decide to continue with its current fiscal stance, which would see its resource wealth exhausted quickly through large development spending. This approach would likely require continued borrowing and leave little savings for future generations.
Author : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 20 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2016-11-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781475555998
This Selected Issues paper analyzes macrofinancial linkages in Equatorial Guinea. Insufficient fiscal consolidation in response to falling oil prices and production has translated into arrears accumulation, leading to a sharp deterioration in commercial banks’ balance sheets. Although banks’ capital and liquidity ratio appear adequate, profitability has been shrinking, owing to weak economic activity and decelerating credit supply. Moreover, recent stress tests reveal a high sensitivity to negative liquidity and asset quality shocks. Financial development remains lackluster, which hurts economic development and effective structural transformation. Finally, strong macrofinancial linkages compounded by regional subsidiary-parent interlinkages call for increased scrutiny.
Author : Patrizia Tumbarello
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Finance
ISBN : OCLC:402700697
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2006-08-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1451815816
A major element of the persistent fiscal imbalances in Guinea-Bissau is the relatively low level of revenue compared with other sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Fiscal revenues, including grants, trended downward significantly in Guinea-Bissau from 1991 through 2005, especially during the last five years. Nontax revenues are stagnant as a proportion of GDP as a result of weak fisheries administration and control. Tax revenues as a proportion of GDP are relatively low in Guinea-Bissau even compared with other low-income countries.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:838507890
Author : Harry Snoek
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Balance of payments
ISBN : OCLC:58542578
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2009-03-25
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1451816022
This Selected Issues paper discusses fiscal sustainability and capital expenditures for Equatorial Guinea. The paper formulates a permanent income hypothesis model and estimates it using data on oil revenues from Equatorial Guinea. The first methodology is based on a standard permanent income model, using a 50-year time horizon and real rate of return of 2 percent. The paper then extends the model to incorporate a feedback effect from capital spending to non-oil GDP growth, and shows its implications for fiscal sustainability.
Author : Fondo Monetario Internacional
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 58 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:906226512