Handbook On Artificial Intelligence And Expert Systems In Law Enforcement

Author : Edward C. Ratledge,Joan E. Jacoby
Publisher : Greenwood
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 1989-09-26
Category : Computers
ISBN : UOM:39015017742829

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Handbook on Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems in Law Enforcement by Edward C. Ratledge,Joan E. Jacoby Pdf

As the complexities and problems that plague law enforcement agencies continue to proliferate, the need to utilize every available tool has led to the application of expert systems to law enforcement activities. This first book to explore this application is both practical and conceptually clear as it explains the potential utility of expert systems and their impact on operations and management. Such systems can support command and control through computer-aided dispatching, assist in the solution of high volume crimes such as residential burglaries, aid in the design of programs for the apprehension and prosecution of career criminals and repeat offenders, upgrade personnel through enhanced training programs, and provide an improved method for the delivery of technical assistance and training services. Until now, literature to assist organizations that could benefit from this technology has been scarce. Ratledge and Jacoby have geared their discussions to a wide audience which includes both practitioners and the academic community. This handbook offers clear, systematic explanations of the applications of expert systems in the world of law enforcement. It discusses the impact of these systems on traditional ways of policing and crime solving, and details a set of practical guidelines for jurisdictions considering the use of expert systems. The text is designed to present information in an order that progresses from general to technical aspects of the subject. The first two chapters provide an overview of expert systems as they apply to different law enforcement areas and discuss the policy issues they create. The next section describes practical applications of expert systems in computer-aided dispatching, crime solving, and training. Chapter 4 explains the basic steps in building expert systems, its terminology, and general characteristics. Chapter 5 offers an introduction to artificial intelligence and its uses in problem solving and expert systems. Written with the expert systems designer or data processing manager in mind, Chapter 6 reviews the problems encountered in linking inferencing to data processing and the efficiencies and technical requirements of the system. In Chapter 7, a case study of the Baltimore County Police Department's expert system for residential burglaries is presented and the steps taken in the development of that system are described. Included in the valuable appendices are a list of vendors, two bibliographies including an annotated one relating to current policing issues and one dealing with technical publications, and a glossary. This timely handbook will enable practitioners in criminal justice to make informed decisions regarding the implementation of expert systems. It also provides up-to-the-minute information for computer system consultants and academicians and students in computer science and criminal justice administration.

Author : Gian Maria Campedelli
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 195 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2022-06-09
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781000596557

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Machine Learning for Criminology and Crime Research by Gian Maria Campedelli Pdf

Machine Learning for Criminology and Crime Research: At the Crossroads reviews the roots of the intersection between machine learning, artificial intelligence (AI), and research on crime; examines the current state of the art in this area of scholarly inquiry; and discusses future perspectives that may emerge from this relationship. As machine learning and AI approaches become increasingly pervasive, it is critical for criminology and crime research to reflect on the ways in which these paradigms could reshape the study of crime. In response, this book seeks to stimulate this discussion. The opening part is framed through a historical lens, with the first chapter dedicated to the origins of the relationship between AI and research on crime, refuting the "novelty narrative" that often surrounds this debate. The second presents a compact overview of the history of AI, further providing a nontechnical primer on machine learning. The following chapter reviews some of the most important trends in computational criminology and quantitatively characterizing publication patterns at the intersection of AI and criminology, through a network science approach. This book also looks to the future, proposing two goals and four pathways to increase the positive societal impact of algorithmic systems in research on crime. The sixth chapter provides a survey of the methods emerging from the integration of machine learning and causal inference, showcasing their promise for answering a range of critical questions. With its transdisciplinary approach, Machine Learning for Criminology and Crime Research is important reading for scholars and students in criminology, criminal justice, sociology, and economics, as well as AI, data sciences and statistics, and computer science.

Author : John McDaniel,Ken Pease
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2021-02-25
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780429560385

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Predictive Policing and Artificial Intelligence by John McDaniel,Ken Pease Pdf

This edited text draws together the insights of numerous worldwide eminent academics to evaluate the condition of predictive policing and artificial intelligence (AI) as interlocked policy areas. Predictive and AI technologies are growing in prominence and at an unprecedented rate. Powerful digital crime mapping tools are being used to identify crime hotspots in real-time, as pattern-matching and search algorithms are sorting through huge police databases populated by growing volumes of data in an eff ort to identify people liable to experience (or commit) crime, places likely to host it, and variables associated with its solvability. Facial and vehicle recognition cameras are locating criminals as they move, while police services develop strategies informed by machine learning and other kinds of predictive analytics. Many of these innovations are features of modern policing in the UK, the US and Australia, among other jurisdictions. AI promises to reduce unnecessary labour, speed up various forms of police work, encourage police forces to more efficiently apportion their resources, and enable police officers to prevent crime and protect people from a variety of future harms. However, the promises of predictive and AI technologies and innovations do not always match reality. They often have significant weaknesses, come at a considerable cost and require challenging trade- off s to be made. Focusing on the UK, the US and Australia, this book explores themes of choice architecture, decision- making, human rights, accountability and the rule of law, as well as future uses of AI and predictive technologies in various policing contexts. The text contributes to ongoing debates on the benefits and biases of predictive algorithms, big data sets, machine learning systems, and broader policing strategies and challenges. Written in a clear and direct style, this book will appeal to students and scholars of policing, criminology, crime science, sociology, computer science, cognitive psychology and all those interested in the emergence of AI as a feature of contemporary policing.

Author : Jay Liebowitz
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 740 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2019-07-23
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780429606977

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The Handbook of Applied Expert Systems by Jay Liebowitz Pdf

The Handbook of Applied Expert Systems is a landmark work dedicated solely to this rapidly advancing area of study. Edited by Jay Liebowitz, a professor, author, and consultant known around the world for his work in the field, this authoritative source covers the latest expert system technologies, applications, methodologies, and practices. The book features contributions from more than 40 of the world's foremost expert systems authorities in industry, government, and academia. The Handbook is organized into two major sections. The first section explains expert systems technologies while the second section focuses on applied examples in a wide variety of industries. Key topics covered include fuzzy systems, genetic algorithm development, machine learning, knowledge representation, and much more.

Author : DeVere D. Woods
Publisher : Charles C Thomas Publisher
Page : 645 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2019-02-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780398092580

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O'Hara's Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation by DeVere D. Woods Pdf

Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation has served as the “Bible” of criminal investigation for many years. The ninth edition reflects the changes in advancements in forensic science, practices of criminalistics, computerization, electronic databases, and the Internet while remaining focused on the fundamentals of criminal investigation to help investigators build a solid foundation of investigative skills. Criminal investigators will learn what is meant by a complete investigation and acquaint themselves with the proofs of the most important crimes. In addition, they will become familiar with the employment of technical methods and services that are available. The tools of the investigator are referred to as the three “I’s,” namely, “Information,” “Interrogation,” and “Instrumentation.” This new edition includes an expanded discussion of this valuable tool. Among the changes in this new edition are the following: Updates to crime rates and occurrences; updated references and resources; updated glossary; a new chapter and section outline in the appendix to help facilitate locating material; revised crime scene investigation procedures; new information of the Next Generation Identification electronic database; new information on serial number restoration; new discussion of stress and determining deception; new discussion of intelligence analysis; revision of arson investigation techniques and practices; expanded discussion of Internet swindles; and an updated discussion of commonly abused drugs. The presentation of material in this book is directed to the beginning student of investigation, but experienced investigators and supervisors will find this text an excellent resource.

Author : Paolo Massimo Buscema,William J. Tastle
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 522 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2012-11-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789400749146

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Intelligent Data Mining in Law Enforcement Analytics by Paolo Massimo Buscema,William J. Tastle Pdf

This book provides a thorough summary of the means currently available to the investigators of Artificial Intelligence for making criminal behavior (both individual and collective) foreseeable, and for assisting their investigative capacities. The volume provides chapters on the introduction of artificial intelligence and machine learning suitable for an upper level undergraduate with exposure to mathematics and some programming skill or a graduate course. It also brings the latest research in Artificial Intelligence to life with its chapters on fascinating applications in the area of law enforcement, though much is also being accomplished in the fields of medicine and bioengineering. Individuals with a background in Artificial Intelligence will find the opening chapters to be an excellent refresher but the greatest excitement will likely be the law enforcement examples, for little has been done in that area. The editors have chosen to shine a bright light on law enforcement analytics utilizing artificial neural network technology to encourage other researchers to become involved in this very important and timely field of study.

Author : J. Thomas McEwen
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1990-02
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0941375447

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Cops Nad Computers by J. Thomas McEwen Pdf

Discusses the emerging role of microcomputer systems in criminal justice agencies (CJ). Focuses on the four types of microcomputers in existence today. Several general applications now found in CJ agencies are discussed in detail. Database management systems are the most visible application and an entire chapter is devoted to it, in addition to describing seven specific applications. Electronic Bulletin Board Systems (BBS) and advanced applications on microcomputers, including expert systems are also discussed. A final chapter presents conclusions on the impact of microcomputers in CJ agencies.

Author : Thomas Wischmeyer,Timo Rademacher
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 391 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2019-11-29
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783030323615

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Regulating Artificial Intelligence by Thomas Wischmeyer,Timo Rademacher Pdf

This book assesses the normative and practical challenges for artificial intelligence (AI) regulation, offers comprehensive information on the laws that currently shape or restrict the design or use of AI, and develops policy recommendations for those areas in which regulation is most urgently needed. By gathering contributions from scholars who are experts in their respective fields of legal research, it demonstrates that AI regulation is not a specialized sub-discipline, but affects the entire legal system and thus concerns all lawyers. Machine learning-based technology, which lies at the heart of what is commonly referred to as AI, is increasingly being employed to make policy and business decisions with broad social impacts, and therefore runs the risk of causing wide-scale damage. At the same time, AI technology is becoming more and more complex and difficult to understand, making it harder to determine whether or not it is being used in accordance with the law. In light of this situation, even tech enthusiasts are calling for stricter regulation of AI. Legislators, too, are stepping in and have begun to pass AI laws, including the prohibition of automated decision-making systems in Article 22 of the General Data Protection Regulation, the New York City AI transparency bill, and the 2017 amendments to the German Cartel Act and German Administrative Procedure Act. While the belief that something needs to be done is widely shared, there is far less clarity about what exactly can or should be done, or what effective regulation might look like. The book is divided into two major parts, the first of which focuses on features common to most AI systems, and explores how they relate to the legal framework for data-driven technologies, which already exists in the form of (national and supra-national) constitutional law, EU data protection and competition law, and anti-discrimination law. In the second part, the book examines in detail a number of relevant sectors in which AI is increasingly shaping decision-making processes, ranging from the notorious social media and the legal, financial and healthcare industries, to fields like law enforcement and tax law, in which we can observe how regulation by AI is becoming a reality.

Author : William G. Bailey
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 888 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Law
ISBN : 0815313314

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The Encyclopedia of Police Science by William G. Bailey Pdf

The first edition (1989) is cited in ARBA 1990 and the Supplement to Sheehy . A reference that contains signed, alphabetical entries which examine all major aspects of American policing and police science, including history, current practices, new initiatives, social pressures, and political factors. The second edition considerable expands its scope with 70 new entries and revisions and updates of others. In this edition, greater emphasis is placed on the coverage of drug-abuse suppression, new types of crime, federal mandates for action, and international developments that affect American police. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, OR.

Author : Peter B. Kraska
Publisher : UPNE
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : History
ISBN : 1555534767

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Militarizing the American Criminal Justice System by Peter B. Kraska Pdf

Controlling threats to national security has long been the mission of the U.S. military, while civilian law enforcement has dealt with domestic problems of crime, illegal drugs, and internal disorder. This groundbreaking collection argues persuasively that the conventional distinctions between these two forces are becoming blurred and considers the far-reaching consequences of the disquieting trend to militarize the nation's criminal justice system. The contributors examine the historical and current interrelationships between the military and police, illuminating such areas as the ideological similarities between waging real wars and fighting the wars on drugs and crime, the reshaping of the military's role after the end of the Cold War, the rapidly growing influence of advanced military technology in civilian society, and the adaptation of military models such as boot camps and SWAT teams in policing and corrections. As the lines between the military industrial complex and the criminal justice enterprise become ever more clouded, this work provides a much-needed evaluation of the thorny issues, dangers, and public policy ramifications raised by the entanglement between militari

Author : Ephraim Nissan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 1375 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2012-06-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789048189908

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Computer Applications for Handling Legal Evidence, Police Investigation and Case Argumentation by Ephraim Nissan Pdf

This book provides an overview of computer techniques and tools — especially from artificial intelligence (AI) — for handling legal evidence, police intelligence, crime analysis or detection, and forensic testing, with a sustained discussion of methods for the modelling of reasoning and forming an opinion about the evidence, methods for the modelling of argumentation, and computational approaches to dealing with legal, or any, narratives. By the 2000s, the modelling of reasoning on legal evidence has emerged as a significant area within the well-established field of AI & Law. An overview such as this one has never been attempted before. It offers a panoramic view of topics, techniques and tools. It is more than a survey, as topic after topic, the reader can get a closer view of approaches and techniques. One aim is to introduce practitioners of AI to the modelling legal evidence. Another aim is to introduce legal professionals, as well as the more technically oriented among law enforcement professionals, or researchers in police science, to information technology resources from which their own respective field stands to benefit. Computer scientists must not blunder into design choices resulting in tools objectionable for legal professionals, so it is important to be aware of ongoing controversies. A survey is provided of argumentation tools or methods for reasoning about the evidence. Another class of tools considered here is intended to assist in organisational aspects of managing of the evidence. Moreover, tools appropriate for crime detection, intelligence, and investigation include tools based on link analysis and data mining. Concepts and techniques are introduced, along with case studies. So are areas in the forensic sciences. Special chapters are devoted to VIRTOPSY (a procedure for legal medicine) and FLINTS (a tool for the police). This is both an introductory book (possibly a textbook), and a reference for specialists from various quarters.

Author : Gábor Szederkényi,R. Lakner,M. Gerzson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2006-04-18
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780306480812

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Intelligent Control Systems by Gábor Szederkényi,R. Lakner,M. Gerzson Pdf

Intelligent control is a rapidly developing, complex and challenging field with great practical importance and potential. Because of the rapidly developing and interdisciplinary nature of the subject, there are only a few edited volumes consisting of research papers on intelligent control systems but little is known and published about the fundamentals and the general know-how in designing, implementing and operating intelligent control systems. Intelligent control system emerged from artificial intelligence and computer controlled systems as an interdisciplinary field. Therefore the book summarizes the fundamentals of knowledge representation, reasoning, expert systems and real-time control systems and then discusses the design, implementation verification and operation of real-time expert systems using G2 as an example. Special tools and techniques applied in intelligent control are also described including qualitative modelling, Petri nets and fuzzy controllers. The material is illlustrated with simple examples taken from the field of intelligent process control.

Author : Miyazawa Koichi
Publisher : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2023-09-20
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789004641983

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Crime Prevention in the Urban Community by Miyazawa Koichi Pdf

One of today's most pressing issues in criminology and crime prevention is the problem of crime in our cities and towns and its prevention. The topic of crime prevention in the Urban Community was discussed at the 47th International Course of the International Society for Criminology (ISC) held at Chuo University, Tokyo. It was the very first time such an ISC meeting was held in Asia and this meant that finally a relatively large number of Japanese and other Asian participants were able to express their views on criminal policy and crime prevention in urban centres all over the world. Crime in urban communities is not an exclusively Western phenomenon, but it is also a considerable problem in other parts of the world. This makes an interchange of ideas between Western, Eastern and Third-World criminologists particularly important. General characteristics of the urban communities that suffer from a high crime rate are ethnic and racial tensions, a mix of old housing areas and new business districts, a prevailing sense of anonymity, slums and juvenile delinquency. The existence of these general characteristics besides mutual differences makes cooperation in the crime prevention sphere definitely worth the effort.

Author : National Institute of Justice (U.S.)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Drug abuse
ISBN : MINN:30000003224965

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Searching for Answers by National Institute of Justice (U.S.) Pdf

Author : DIANE Publishing Company
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1994-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0788105809

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Searching for Answers by DIANE Publishing Company Pdf

Reports on Federal evaluations of innovative programs, such as community policing, to reduce crime and drug abuse. Provides information on approaches that are promising and worthy of wider adoption and on issues that require clarification and redirection. 11 photos.