Health Care Systems In Japan And The United States

Author : Ryuzo Sato,Elias Grivoyannis,Barbara Byrne,Chengping Lian
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781461561811

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Health Care Systems in Japan and the United States by Ryuzo Sato,Elias Grivoyannis,Barbara Byrne,Chengping Lian Pdf

The health care sector has become a major component of the contemporary econo mies of Japan and the United States. It absorbs significant proportions of the GDP in both countries and places increasing stress on private, government and corporate budgets. As their income rises, the citizens ofJapan and the United States choose to allocate increasing portions of it on health care services because ofthe direct contri bution of health care services to prolonged life expectancy, reduced morbidity, or other indicators of improved health and well-being. The health care sector is a ma jor source ofemployment and affects the lives of all citizens. Adequate health care services are expected to have an important contribution to the quality of human life in any society. With so much at stake, arrangements for planning, financing, and operating health care service systems have increasingly come to be regarded as im portant economic and political issues. The political importance of health care is evidenced by the health care reform proposals of the Clinton administration in the United States and the deep involve ment of the government in the medical care security system in Japan. As policy makers in both countries look ahead to the coming decades, they realize that the imperatives of economic restructuring, globalization, and their rapidly aging socie ties will affect the way in which health care is organized, delivered, and financed.

Author : David A. Wise,Naohiro Yashiro
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2007-12-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226903248

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Health Care Issues in the United States and Japan by David A. Wise,Naohiro Yashiro Pdf

Recent data show wide disparity between Japan and the United States in the effectiveness of their health care systems. Japan spends close to the lowest percentage of its gross domestic product on health care among OECD countries, the United States spends the highest, yet life expectancies in Japan are among the world’s longest. Clearly, a great deal can be learned from a comprehensive comparative analysis of health care issues in these two countries. In Health Care Issues in the United States and Japan, contributors explore the structural characteristics of the health care systems in both nations, the economic incentives underlying the systems, and how they operate in practice. Japan’s system, they show, is characterized by generous insurance schemes, a lack of gatekeepers, and fee-for-service mechanisms. The United States’ structure, on the other hand, is distinguished by for-profit hospitals, privatized health insurance, and managed care. But despite its relative success, an aging population and a general shift from infectious diseases to more chronic maladies are forcing the Japanese to consider a model more closely resembling that of the United States. In an age when rising health care costs and aging populations are motivating reforms throughout the world, this timely study will prove invaluable.

Author : Naoki Ikegami,John Creighton Campbell
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1996-11-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0472105388

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Containing Health Care Costs in Japan by Naoki Ikegami,John Creighton Campbell Pdf

DIVA comprehensive picture of costs in Japan's effective and efficient health care system. /div

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Understanding Divergent Trends in Longevity in High-Income Countries
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2011-06-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309217101

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Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Understanding Divergent Trends in Longevity in High-Income Countries Pdf

During the last 25 years, life expectancy at age 50 in the United States has been rising, but at a slower pace than in many other high-income countries, such as Japan and Australia. This difference is particularly notable given that the United States spends more on health care than any other nation. Concerned about this divergence, the National Institute on Aging asked the National Research Council to examine evidence on its possible causes. According to Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries, the nation's history of heavy smoking is a major reason why lifespans in the United States fall short of those in many other high-income nations. Evidence suggests that current obesity levels play a substantial part as well. The book reports that lack of universal access to health care in the U.S. also has increased mortality and reduced life expectancy, though this is a less significant factor for those over age 65 because of Medicare access. For the main causes of death at older ages -- cancer and cardiovascular disease -- available indicators do not suggest that the U.S. health care system is failing to prevent deaths that would be averted elsewhere. In fact, cancer detection and survival appear to be better in the U.S. than in most other high-income nations, and survival rates following a heart attack also are favorable. Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries identifies many gaps in research. For instance, while lung cancer deaths are a reliable marker of the damage from smoking, no clear-cut marker exists for obesity, physical inactivity, social integration, or other risks considered in this book. Moreover, evaluation of these risk factors is based on observational studies, which -- unlike randomized controlled trials -- are subject to many biases.

Author : Margaret Powell,Masahira Anesaki
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2010-10-18
Category : Reference
ISBN : 9781136897641

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Health Care in Japan by Margaret Powell,Masahira Anesaki Pdf

In the 1970s and 80s Japan experienced some deep-rooted social changes which affected attitudes to health care services among both professionals and consumers alike. Health Care in Japan provides an introduction to and overview of health and medical services in Japan at that time. It describes the historical development of modern medical care; the social, political, and cultural factors which have influenced the development of the system for the provision of health and medical services. It also discusses and analyses those aspects of the health care system which are of concern to the government and assesses how the existing system of health care will meet the needs of Japanese society in the future.

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2015-05-27
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264225985

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OECD Reviews of Health Care Quality: Portugal 2015 Raising Standards by OECD Pdf

This report reviews the quality of health care in Portugal, seeks to highlight best practices, and provides a series of targeted assessments and recommendations for further improvements to quality of care.

Author : T. R. Reid
Publisher : Penguin
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2010-08-31
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9780143118213

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The Healing of America by T. R. Reid Pdf

A New York Times Bestseller, with an updated explanation of the 2010 Health Reform Bill "Important and powerful . . . a rich tour of health care around the world." —Nicholas Kristof, The New York Times Bringing to bear his talent for explaining complex issues in a clear, engaging way, New York Times bestselling author T. R. Reid visits industrialized democracies around the world--France, Britain, Germany, Japan, and beyond--to provide a revelatory tour of successful, affordable universal health care systems. Now updated with new statistics and a plain-English explanation of the 2010 health care reform bill, The Healing of America is required reading for all those hoping to understand the state of health care in our country, and around the world. T. R. Reid's latest book, A Fine Mess: A Global Quest for a Simpler, Fairer, and More Efficient Tax System, is also available from Penguin Press.

Author : Hyoung-Sun Jeong,Jeremy Hurst,Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Directorate for Education, Employment, Labour, and Social Affairs
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Health insurance
ISBN : IND:30000076711583

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An Assessment of the Performance of the Japanese Health Care System by Hyoung-Sun Jeong,Jeremy Hurst,Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Directorate for Education, Employment, Labour, and Social Affairs Pdf

Author : Naoki Ikegami,John Creighton Campbell
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2010-05-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780472024131

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Containing Health Care Costs in Japan by Naoki Ikegami,John Creighton Campbell Pdf

A comprehensive picture of costs in Japan's effective and efficient health care system.

Author : John Creighton Campbell,Naoki Ikegami
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1998-09-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0521571227

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The Art of Balance in Health Policy by John Creighton Campbell,Naoki Ikegami Pdf

Compared to the rest of the world, Japan has a healthy population but pays relatively little for medical care. This book analyses how the health care works, and how it came into being. Taking a comparative perspective, the authors describe the politics of health care, the variety of providers, the universal health insurance system, and how the fee-schedule constrains costs at both the macro and micro levels. Special attention is paid to issues of quality and to the difficult problems of assuring adequate high-tech medicine and long-term care. Although the authors discuss the drawbacks to Japan's stringent cost-containment policy, they also keep in mind the possible implications for reform in the United States. Egalitarian values and a concern for 'balance' among constituents, the authors argue, are essential for cost containment as well as for access to health care.

Author : Ezekiel J. Emanuel
Publisher : PublicAffairs
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2020-06-16
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781541797727

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Which Country Has the World's Best Health Care? by Ezekiel J. Emanuel Pdf

The preeminent doctor and bioethicist Ezekiel Emanuel is repeatedly asked one question: Which country has the best healthcare? He set off to find an answer. The US spends more than any other nation, nearly $4 trillion, on healthcare. Yet, for all that expense, the US is not ranked #1 -- not even close. In Which Country Has the World's Best Healthcare? Ezekiel Emanuel profiles eleven of the world's healthcare systems in pursuit of the best or at least where excellence can be found. Using a unique comparative structure, the book allows healthcare professionals, patients, and policymakers alike to know which systems perform well, and why, and which face endemic problems. From Taiwan to Germany, Australia to Switzerland, the most inventive healthcare providers tackle a global set of challenges -- in pursuit of the best healthcare in the world.

Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 421 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2013-04-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309264143

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U.S. Health in International Perspective by National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries Pdf

The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.

Author : Takakazu Yamagishi
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 209 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2011-07-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781421400914

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War and Health Insurance Policy in Japan and the United States by Takakazu Yamagishi Pdf

World War II forced extensive and comprehensive social and political changes on nations across the globe. This comparative examination of health insurance in the United States and Japan during and after the war explores how World War II shaped the health care systems of both countries. To compare the development of health insurance in the two countries, Takakazu Yamagishi discusses the impact of total war on four factors: political structure, interest group politics, political culture, and policy feedback. During World War II, the U.S. and Japanese governments realized that healthy soldiers, workers, mothers, and children were vital to national survival. While both countries adopted new, expansive national insurance policies as part of their mobilization efforts, they approached doing so in different ways and achieved near-opposite results. In the United States, private insurance became the predominant means of insuring people, save for a few government-run programs. Japan, meanwhile, created a near-universal, public insurance system. After the war, their different policy paths were consolidated. Yamagishi argues that these disparate outcomes were the result of each nation’s respective war experience. He looks closely at postwar Japan and investigates how political struggles between the American occupation authority and U.S. domestic forces, such as the American Medical Association, helped solidify the existing Japanese health insurance system. Original and tightly argued, this volume makes a strong case for treating total war as a central factor in understanding how the health insurance systems of the two nations grew, while bearing in mind the dual nature of government intervention—however slight—in health care. Those interested in debates about health care in Japan, the United States, and other countries, and especially scholars of comparative political development, will appreciate and learn from Yamagishi’s study.

Author : National Academy of Engineering,Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2011-06-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309224772

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Engineering a Learning Healthcare System by National Academy of Engineering,Institute of Medicine Pdf

Improving our nation's healthcare system is a challenge which, because of its scale and complexity, requires a creative approach and input from many different fields of expertise. Lessons from engineering have the potential to improve both the efficiency and quality of healthcare delivery. The fundamental notion of a high-performing healthcare system-one that increasingly is more effective, more efficient, safer, and higher quality-is rooted in continuous improvement principles that medicine shares with engineering. As part of its Learning Health System series of workshops, the Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Value and Science-Driven Health Care and the National Academy of Engineering, hosted a workshop on lessons from systems and operations engineering that could be applied to health care. Building on previous work done in this area the workshop convened leading engineering practitioners, health professionals, and scholars to explore how the field might learn from and apply systems engineering principles in the design of a learning healthcare system. Engineering a Learning Healthcare System: A Look at the Future: Workshop Summary focuses on current major healthcare system challenges and what the field of engineering has to offer in the redesign of the system toward a learning healthcare system.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 1962
Category : Insurance, Life
ISBN : UCAL:$B636987

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Life Insurance Fact Book by Anonim Pdf