Health Disease And Causal Explanations In Medicine

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Health, Disease, and Causal Explanations in Medicine

L.Y Nordenfelt,B.I.B Lindahl
Health Disease and Causal Explanations in Medicine Book PDF

Author : L.Y Nordenfelt,B.I.B Lindahl
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789400962835

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Health, Disease, and Causal Explanations in Medicine by L.Y Nordenfelt,B.I.B Lindahl Pdf

On May 13-15, 1982, some 50 scientists and scholars - physicians, philos ophers and social scientists - convened at Hasselby Castle in Stockholm for the first Nordic Symposium on the Philosophy of Medicine. The topics for the symposium included (1) the concepts of health and disease, (2) classification in medicine, and (3) causality and causal explanations in medicine. The majority of the participants were Scandinavian but the symposium was also able to welcome four distinguished guests from other parts of the world, Professors Stuart F. Spicker and H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., U.S.A., Dr Anne M. Fagot, France, and Dr Werner Morbach, West Germany. The latter represented Professor Kazem Sadegh-zadeh, who unfortunately was prevented from attending. One of the main purposes of this symposium was to bring together people in Scandinavia who at present work within the field of Philosophy of Medi cine. This group is still relatively small but is growing rapidly, and the scholarly activity has recently been notable. This fact is clearly demonstrated by the presentation of 'Philosophy of Medicine in Scandinavia' in the Appendix of this volume.

Varieties of Causal Explanation in Medical Contexts

Raffaella Campaner
Varieties of Causal Explanation in Medical Contexts Book PDF

Author : Raffaella Campaner
Publisher : Udine/Gorizia Conference Proce
Page : 170 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2020-04
Category : Medical
ISBN : 8869772780

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Varieties of Causal Explanation in Medical Contexts by Raffaella Campaner Pdf

Far from being the sole mode of explaining, explanation in terms of - mostly probabilistic - causes has nourished a wide debate addressing diseases, what produces them and how. Focusing on causal explanations involves, in turn, getting deeper into conceptions of causation, modelling, and control, and presents a range of relevant issues for research and clinical contexts. The aim of the volume is two-fold. In the first place, its purpose is to stress core features, differences and interactions between various theories belonging to, on the one hand, the mechanical and neo-mechanical approach to explanation, and, on the other hand, the interventionist approach, testing their suitability in medicine. In the second place, and related to the first, a form of pluralism is advocated which is grounded on a deep analysis of specific features of explanatory contexts in the health sciences, especially in cancer and mental health studies.

Etiological Explanations

Olaf Dammann
Etiological Explanations Book PDF

Author : Olaf Dammann
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 279 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2020-05-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780429532870

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Etiological Explanations by Olaf Dammann Pdf

Theory of illness causation is an important issue in all biomedical sciences, and solid etiological explanations are needed in order to develop therapeutic approaches in medicine and preventive interventions in public health. Until now, the literature about the theoretical underpinnings of illness causation research has been scarce and fragmented, and lacking a convenient summary. This interdisciplinary book provides a convenient and accessible distillation of the current status of research into this developing field, and adds a personal flavor to the discussion by proposing the etiological stance as a comprehensive approach to identify modifiable causes of illness. Key Features • Provides a synthesis of the epidemiological and philosophical concepts in this growing research area • Gives an accessible overview of current methods in biomedical causal metaphysics ̶ what is a cause of illness? ̶ and epistemology ̶ how do we identify it? • Proposes a novel approach that integrates modern epidemiological methodology and recent theories from philosophy of science Written for postgraduate students and researchers in the health and biomedical sciences, including those undertaking courses in the philosophy of medicine/science, public and global health, introduction to epidemiology, research methods, and advanced reasoning, the content will also be of interest to practicing public health workers, biomedical scientists, and physicians. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Olaf Dammann is Professor and Vice Chair of Public Health and Community Medicine at Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; as well as a Professor in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. Cover image: Mask used by "Eskimo" shaman in causation of illness. Credit: Wellcome Collection. CC BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Rethinking Causality, Complexity and Evidence for the Unique Patient

Rani Lill Anjum,Samantha Copeland,Elena Rocca
Rethinking Causality Complexity and Evidence for the Unique Patient Book PDF

Author : Rani Lill Anjum,Samantha Copeland,Elena Rocca
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2020-06-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030412395

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Rethinking Causality, Complexity and Evidence for the Unique Patient by Rani Lill Anjum,Samantha Copeland,Elena Rocca Pdf

This open access book is a unique resource for health professionals who are interested in understanding the philosophical foundations of their daily practice. It provides tools for untangling the motivations and rationality behind the way medicine and healthcare is studied, evaluated and practiced. In particular, it illustrates the impact that thinking about causation, complexity and evidence has on the clinical encounter. The book shows how medicine is grounded in philosophical assumptions that could at least be challenged. By engaging with ideas that have shaped the medical profession, clinicians are empowered to actively take part in setting the premises for their own practice and knowledge development. Written in an engaging and accessible style, with contributions from experienced clinicians, this book presents a new philosophical framework that takes causal complexity, individual variation and medical uniqueness as default expectations for health and illness.

Concepts of Health, Illness and Disease

Caroline Currer,Meg Stacey
Concepts of Health Illness and Disease Book PDF

Author : Caroline Currer,Meg Stacey
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 253 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2020-12-17
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781000323351

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Concepts of Health, Illness and Disease by Caroline Currer,Meg Stacey Pdf

Both health care practitioners and health planners are beginning to recognize the importance of differences between lay and professional concepts of health and illness. The editors of this volume, having themselves worked in this field for many years, have selected and brought together writings by distinguished scholars from Britain, France, the United States, Germany and Poland. What impresses most is the range of problems synthesized from a genuinely international and interdisciplinary perspective. No reader can fail to be fascinated by the often peculiar ways in which different societies have tried to cope with the existential questions of health and illness.

Epidemiology: A Very Short Introduction

Rodolfo Saracci
Epidemiology A Very Short Introduction Book PDF

Author : Rodolfo Saracci
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2010-02-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780191609244

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Epidemiology: A Very Short Introduction by Rodolfo Saracci Pdf

What is epidemiology? What are the causes of a new disease? How can pandemics be prevented? Epidemiology is the study of the changing patterns of disease and its main aim is to improve the health of populations. It's a vital field, central to the health of society, to the identification of causes of disease, and to their management and prevention. Epidemiology has had an impact on many areas of medicine; from discovering the relationship between tobacco smoking and lung cancer, to the origin and spread of new epidemics. However, it is often poorly understood, largely due to misrepresentations in the media. In this Very Short Introduction Rodolfo Saracci dispels some of the myths surrounding the study of epidemiology. He provides a general explanation of the principles behind clinical trials, and explains the nature of basic statistics concerning disease. He also looks at the ethical and political issues related to obtaining and using information concerning patients, and trials involving placebos. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

On the Nature of Health

L.Y Nordenfelt
On the Nature of Health Book PDF

Author : L.Y Nordenfelt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789401102414

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On the Nature of Health by L.Y Nordenfelt Pdf

GENERAL INTRODUCTION This study of the concept of health is an attempt to combine central ideas in modern philosophy of medicine with certain results from analytical action theory. What emerges from the study is a concept 'of health based on an action-theoretic foundation. A person's health is characterized as his ability to achieve his vital goals. The general conception is not new. This study has been inspired by a number of scholars, both ancient and modern. The most important influences from the latter have been those of Georges Canguilhem, H. Tristram Engelhardt Jr. , Caroline Whitbeck and Ingmar Porn. The novel aspect of this book consists of elaborations made to the general conception. First, the action-theoretic platform is analysed in some detail. The nature of the ability involved, as well as the conditions for having that ability, are specified. Second, the vital goals of man are given considerable attention. Some previous attempts to define such vital goals are analysed and criticized. A new characterization is proposed, in which the vital goals are conceptually linked to the notion of happiness. A person's vital goals are such states of affairs as are necessary and together sufficient for his minimal happiness. Third, a number of consequences of this con ception are observed and analysed. One issue which is particularly empha sized is that of whether the concept of health is a theoretical or a normative concept.

Explaining Disease: Philosophical Reflections on Medical Research and Clinical Practice

Raffaella Campaner
Explaining Disease Philosophical Reflections on Medical Research and Clinical Practice Book PDF

Author : Raffaella Campaner
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 207 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2022-08-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783031058837

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Explaining Disease: Philosophical Reflections on Medical Research and Clinical Practice by Raffaella Campaner Pdf

This interdisciplinary monograph in philosophy of medicine examines models of explanation in health science and their relation with current medical trends, such as personalized and person-centered medicine. Medicine has provided challenging case studies for the general philosophy of science that have prompted rethinking of a wide range of philosophical notions – such as scientific law, theory and evidence – and contributed to the elaboration of pluralistic approaches to modeling, causality and explanation. The health sciences have increasingly recognized the role of philosophy of medicine as both a field of conceptual and methodological reflection, capable of addressing practical issues, and hence relevant for a proper understanding of the construction of medical knowledge, modeling practices, therapeutic strategies and preventive decisions. 'Explaining Disease' contains various case studies in medicine to describe the assumptions underpinning the construction of explanatory models of diseases. It shows the impact different explanatory strategies can have on practical matters, which in turn affect clinical evaluation and therapy and public health decisions. The book concludes with a few open-ended reflections to foster more thorough consideration of the role of philosophy of medicine can play its dialogue with the health sciences.

Classification, Disease and Evidence

Philippe Huneman,Gérard Lambert,Marc Silberstein
Classification Disease and Evidence Book PDF

Author : Philippe Huneman,Gérard Lambert,Marc Silberstein
Publisher : Springer
Page : 227 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2014-10-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401788878

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Classification, Disease and Evidence by Philippe Huneman,Gérard Lambert,Marc Silberstein Pdf

This anthology of essays presents a sample of studies from recent philosophy of medicine addressing issues which attempt to answer very general (interdependent) questions: (a) what is a disease and what is health? (b) How do we (causally) explain diseases? (c) And how do we distinguish diseases, i.e. define classes of diseases and recognize that an instance X of disease belongs to a given class B? (d) How do we assess and choose cure/ therapy? The book is divided into three sections: classification, disease and evidence. In general, attention is focused on statistics in medicine and epidemiology, issues in psychiatry and connecting medicine with evolutionary biology and genetics. Many authors position the theories that they address within their historical contexts. The nature of health and disease will be addressed in several essays that also touch upon very general questions about the definition of medicine and its status. Several chapters scrutinize classification because of its centrality within philosophical problems raised by medicine and its core position in the philosophical questioning of psychiatry. Specificities of medical explanation have recently come under a new light, particularly because of the rise of statistical methods and several chapters investigate these methods in specific contexts such as epidemiology or meta-analysis of random testing. Taken together this collection addresses the question of how we gather, use and assess evidence for various medical theories. The rich assortment of disciplines featured also includes epidemiology, parasitology and public health, while technical aspects such as the application of game theory to medical research and the misuse of the DSM in forensic psychiatry are also given an airing. The book addresses more than the construction of medical knowledge, however, adding cogent appraisal of the processes of decision making in medicine and the protocols used to justify therapeutic choices.

The Medical Model in Mental Health

Ahmed Samei Huda
The Medical Model in Mental Health Book PDF

Author : Ahmed Samei Huda
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2019-05-16
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780192534095

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The Medical Model in Mental Health by Ahmed Samei Huda Pdf

Many published books that comment on the medical model have been written by doctors, who assume that readers have the same knowledge of medicine, or by those who have attempted to discredit and attack the medical practice. Both types of book have tended to present diagnostic categories in medicine as universally scientifically valid examples of clear-cut diseases easily distinguished from each other and from health; with a fixed prognosis; and with a well-understood aetiology leading to disease-reversing treatments. These are contrasted with psychiatric diagnoses and treatments, which are described as unclear and inadequate in comparison. The Medical Model in Mental Health: An Explanation and Evaluation explores the overlap between the usefulness of diagnostic constructs (which enable prognosis and treatment decisions) and the therapeutic effectiveness of psychiatry compared with general medicine. The book explains the medical model and how it applies in mental health, assuming little knowledge or experience of medicine, and defends psychiatry as a medical practice.

Concepts of Epidemiology

Raj S. Bhopal
Concepts of Epidemiology Book PDF

Author : Raj S. Bhopal
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 481 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780198739685

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Concepts of Epidemiology by Raj S. Bhopal Pdf

First edition published in 2002. Second edition published in 2008.

Social Causes of Health and Disease

William C. Cockerham
Social Causes of Health and Disease Book PDF

Author : William C. Cockerham
Publisher : Polity
Page : 481 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2007-10-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780745635880

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Social Causes of Health and Disease by William C. Cockerham Pdf

In this exciting new book, William Cockerham, a leading medical sociologist, assesses the evidence that social factors have direct causal effects on health and many diseases. He argues that stress, poverty, unhealthy lifestyles, and unpleasant living and work conditions can all be directly associated with illness. Noting a new emphasis upon social structure in both theory and multi-level research techniques, he argues that a paradigm shift is now emerging in 21st century medical sociology, which looks beyond individual explanations for health and disease. As the old gives way to the new in medical sociology, the field is headed toward a fundamentally different orientation. William Cockerham's clear and compelling account is at the forefront of these changes. This lively and accessible book offers a coherent introduction to social epidemiology, as well as challenging aspects of the existing literature. It will be indispensable reading for all students and scholars of medical sociology, especially those with the courage to confront the possibility that society really does make people sick.

Health, Disease and Society

Kelvyn Jones,Graham Moon
Health Disease and Society Book PDF

Author : Kelvyn Jones,Graham Moon
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2022-05-24
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000577334

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Health, Disease and Society by Kelvyn Jones,Graham Moon Pdf

Originally published in 1987 this textbook is a comprehensive introduction to the rapidly developing field of medical geography. It illustrates the ideas, methods and debates that inform contemporary approaches to the subject, demonstrating the potential of a social and environmental approach to illness and health. The central theme is the need to reject an exclusively biological approach to health. The authors examine both the geography of health care and outline a selection of health service planning initiatives in both North America and Europe.

The Biopsychosocial Model of Health and Disease

Derek Bolton,Grant Gillett
The Biopsychosocial Model of Health and Disease Book PDF

Author : Derek Bolton,Grant Gillett
Publisher : Springer
Page : 149 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2019-03-28
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9783030118990

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The Biopsychosocial Model of Health and Disease by Derek Bolton,Grant Gillett Pdf

This open access book is a systematic update of the philosophical and scientific foundations of the biopsychosocial model of health, disease and healthcare. First proposed by George Engel 40 years ago, the Biopsychosocial Model is much cited in healthcare settings worldwide, but has been increasingly criticised for being vague, lacking in content, and in need of reworking in the light of recent developments. The book confronts the rapid changes to psychological science, neuroscience, healthcare, and philosophy that have occurred since the model was first proposed and addresses key issues such as the model’s scientific basis, clinical utility, and philosophical coherence. The authors conceptualise biology and the psychosocial as in the same ontological space, interlinked by systems of communication-based regulatory control which constitute a new kind of causation. These are distinguished from physical and chemical laws, most clearly because they can break down, thus providing the basis for difference between health and disease. This work offers an urgent update to the model’s scientific and philosophical foundations, providing a new and coherent account of causal interactions between the biological, the psychological and social.

Experiencing and Explaining Disease

Basiro Davey,Clive Seale
Experiencing and Explaining Disease Book PDF

Author : Basiro Davey,Clive Seale
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Diseases
ISBN : 0335208371

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Experiencing and Explaining Disease by Basiro Davey,Clive Seale Pdf

This is a multidisciplinary account of the major factors influencing the ways in which states of wellness or illness are explained by professionals and experienced by lay people. The book examines the different accounts of disease causation produced by research in epidemiology, biology and sociology, and the different meanings attached to states of illness by doctors, patients and the media. It explores the ways in which prevailing social norms affect the status of the sick person, and seeks explanations for the stigmatisation that discriminates against people with certain conditions, while others are considered innocent victims of disease. These themes are developed in five case studies of highly contrasting conditions: rheumatoid arthritis, HIV and AIDS, asthma, schizophrenia and chronic pain. These case studies illustrate the complex difficulties for lay people and professionals in explaining and managing the disease and the physical, social and emotional dimensions of the illness experience.