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Author : Thomas Gilovich,Dale Griffin,Daniel Kahneman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 884 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2002-07-08
Category : Education
ISBN : 0521796792
This book, first published in 2002, compiles psychologists' best attempts to answer important questions about intuitive judgment.
Author : Mark Kelman
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780199755608
All of use heuristics - that is, we reach conclusions using shorthand cues without utilizing or analyzing all of the available information at hand. Here, Kelman takes a step back from the chaos of competing academic debates to consider the wealth of knowledge that a more expansive use of heuristics can open up.
Author : Gerd Gigerenzer,Peter M. Todd,ABC Research Group
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2000-10-12
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780190286767
Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart invites readers to embark on a new journey into a land of rationality that differs from the familiar territory of cognitive science and economics. Traditional views of rationality tend to see decision makers as possessing superhuman powers of reason, limitless knowledge, and all of eternity in which to ponder choices. To understand decisions in the real world, we need a different, more psychologically plausible notion of rationality, and this book provides it. It is about fast and frugal heuristics--simple rules for making decisions when time is pressing and deep thought an unaffordable luxury. These heuristics can enable both living organisms and artificial systems to make smart choices, classifications, and predictions by employing bounded rationality. But when and how can such fast and frugal heuristics work? Can judgments based simply on one good reason be as accurate as those based on many reasons? Could less knowledge even lead to systematically better predictions than more knowledge? Simple Heuristics explores these questions, developing computational models of heuristics and testing them through experiments and analyses. It shows how fast and frugal heuristics can produce adaptive decisions in situations as varied as choosing a mate, dividing resources among offspring, predicting high school drop out rates, and playing the stock market. As an interdisciplinary work that is both useful and engaging, this book will appeal to a wide audience. It is ideal for researchers in cognitive psychology, evolutionary psychology, and cognitive science, as well as in economics and artificial intelligence. It will also inspire anyone interested in simply making good decisions.
Author : Thomas Gilovich,Dale Griffin,Daniel Kahneman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 902 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2002-07-08
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781139643665
Is our case strong enough to go to trial? Will interest rates go up? Can I trust this person? Such questions - and the judgments required to answer them - are woven into the fabric of everyday experience. This book, first published in 2002, examines how people make such judgments. The study of human judgment was transformed in the 1970s, when Kahneman and Tversky introduced their 'heuristics and biases' approach and challenged the dominance of strictly rational models. Their work highlighted the reflexive mental operations used to make complex problems manageable and illuminated how the same processes can lead to both accurate and dangerously flawed judgments. The heuristics and biases framework generated a torrent of influential research in psychology - research that reverberated widely and affected scholarship in economics, law, medicine, management, and political science. This book compiles the most influential research in the heuristics and biases tradition since the initial collection of 1982 (by Kahneman, Slovic, and Tversky).
Author : Nelishia Pillay,Rong Qu
Publisher : Springer
Page : 130 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2018-10-05
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783319965147
This introduction to the field of hyper-heuristics presents the required foundations and tools and illustrates some of their applications. The authors organized the 13 chapters into three parts. The first, hyper-heuristic fundamentals and theory, provides an overview of selection constructive, selection perturbative, generation constructive and generation perturbative hyper-heuristics, and then a formal definition of hyper-heuristics. The chapters in the second part of the book examine applications of hyper-heuristics in vehicle routing, nurse rostering, packing and examination timetabling. The third part of the book presents advanced topics and then a summary of the field and future research directions. Finally the appendices offer details of the HyFlex framework and the EvoHyp toolkit, and then the definition, problem model and constraints for the most tested combinatorial optimization problems. The book will be of value to graduate students, researchers, and practitioners.
Author : Ralph Hertwig,Ulrich Hoffrage,ABC Research Group
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 662 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780195388435
This title invites readers to discover the simple heuristics that people use to navigate the complexities and surprises of environments populated with others.
Author : Donald Arthur Waterman,Stanford University. Computer Science Department
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1968
Category : Artificial intelligence
ISBN : STANFORD:36105025636924
First, a method of representing heuristics as production rules is developed which facilitates dynamic manipulation of the heuristics by the program embodying them. This representation technique permits separation of the heuristics from the program proper, provides clear identification of individual heuristics, is compatible with generalization schemes, and expedites the process of obtaining decisions from the system. Second, procedures are developed which permit a problem-solving program employing heuristics in production rule form to learn to improve its performance by evaluating and modifying existing heuristics and hypothesizing new ones, either during a special training process or during normal program operation. Third, the abovementioned representation and learning techniques are reformulated in the light of existing stimulus-response theories of learning, and five different S-R models of human heuristic learning in problem-solving environments are constructed and examined in detail. Experimental designs for testing these information processing models are also proposed and discussed. Finally, the feasibility of using the aforementioned representation and learning techniques in a complex problem-solving situation is demonstrated by applying these techniques to the problem of making the bet decision in draw poker. This application, involving the construction of a computer program, demonstrates that few production rules or training trials are needed to produce a thorough and effective set of heuristics for draw poker. (Author).
Author : Linda Heath,R. Scott Tindale,John Edwards,Emil J. Posavac,Fred B. Bryant,Eaaron Henderson-King,Yolanda Suarez-Balcazar,Judith Myers
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781475792386
This volume presents the latest research on applying heuristics and biases to the areas of health, law, education, and organizations. Authors adopt a cross-disciplinary approach to study various theories.
Author : Anne Auger,Benjamin Doerr
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9789814282666
This volume covers both classical results and the most recent theoretical developments in the field of randomized search heuristics such as runtime analysis, drift analysis and convergence.
Author : Carlos Andre Reis Pinheiro,Fiona McNeill
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2014-01-31
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781118416747
Employ heuristic adjustments for truly accurate analysis Heuristics in Analytics presents an approach to analysis that accounts for the randomness of business and the competitive marketplace, creating a model that more accurately reflects the scenario at hand. With an emphasis on the importance of proper analytical tools, the book describes the analytical process from exploratory analysis through model developments, to deployments and possible outcomes. Beginning with an introduction to heuristic concepts, readers will find heuristics applied to statistics and probability, mathematics, stochastic, and artificial intelligence models, ending with the knowledge applications that solve business problems. Case studies illustrate the everyday application and implication of the techniques presented, while the heuristic approach is integrated into analytical modeling, graph analysis, text analytics, and more. Robust analytics has become crucial in the corporate environment, and randomness plays an enormous role in business and the competitive marketplace. Failing to account for randomness can steer a model in an entirely wrong direction, negatively affecting the final outcome and potentially devastating the bottom line. Heuristics in Analytics describes how the heuristic characteristics of analysis can be overcome with problem design, math and statistics, helping readers to: Realize just how random the world is, and how unplanned events can affect analysis Integrate heuristic and analytical approaches to modeling and problem solving Discover how graph analysis is applied in real-world scenarios around the globe Apply analytical knowledge to customer behavior, insolvency prevention, fraud detection, and more Understand how text analytics can be applied to increase the business knowledge Every single factor, no matter how large or how small, must be taken into account when modeling a scenario or event—even the unknowns. The presence or absence of even a single detail can dramatically alter eventual outcomes. From raw data to final report, Heuristics in Analytics contains the information analysts need to improve accuracy, and ultimately, predictive, and descriptive power.
Author : Vasant, Pandian M.
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 735 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2012-09-30
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781466620872
Optimization techniques have developed into a significant area concerning industrial, economics, business, and financial systems. With the development of engineering and financial systems, modern optimization has played an important role in service-centered operations and as such has attracted more attention to this field. Meta-heuristic hybrid optimization is a newly development mathematical framework based optimization technique. Designed by logicians, engineers, analysts, and many more, this technique aims to study the complexity of algorithms and problems. Meta-Heuristics Optimization Algorithms in Engineering, Business, Economics, and Finance explores the emerging study of meta-heuristics optimization algorithms and methods and their role in innovated real world practical applications. This book is a collection of research on the areas of meta-heuristics optimization algorithms in engineering, business, economics, and finance and aims to be a comprehensive reference for decision makers, managers, engineers, researchers, scientists, financiers, and economists as well as industrialists.
Author : Essam Halim Houssein,Mohamed Abd Elaziz,Diego Oliva,Laith Abualigah
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 501 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2022-06-04
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030990794
This book collects different methodologies that permit metaheuristics and machine learning to solve real-world problems. This book has exciting chapters that employ evolutionary and swarm optimization tools combined with machine learning techniques. The fields of applications are from distribution systems until medical diagnosis, and they are also included different surveys and literature reviews that will enrich the reader. Besides, cutting-edge methods such as neuroevolutionary and IoT implementations are presented in some chapters. In this sense, the book provides theory and practical content with novel machine learning and metaheuristic algorithms. The chapters were compiled using a scientific perspective. Accordingly, the book is primarily intended for undergraduate and postgraduate students of Science, Engineering, and Computational Mathematics and can be used in courses on Artificial Intelligence, Advanced Machine Learning, among others. Likewise, the material can be helpful for research from the evolutionary computation, artificial intelligence communities.
Author : Judea Pearl
Publisher : Addison Wesley Publishing Company
Page : 406 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Computers
ISBN : UOM:39015047795607
Problem-solving strartegies and the nature of Heuristic informatio n.Heuristics and problem representations. Basic Heuristic-Search procedures. Formal properties of Heuristic methods. Heuristics viewed as information provided by simplified models. Performance analysis of Heuristic methods. Abstract models for quantitative performace analysis. Complexity versus precision of admissible Heuristics. Searching with nonadmissible Heuristics. Game-playing programs. Strategies and models for game-playing programs. Performace analysis for game-searching strategies. Decision quality in game searching. Bibliography. Index.
Author : Pallab Dasgupta,P. P. Chakrabarti,S. C. DeSarkar
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 141 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783322868534
Solutions to most real-world optimization problems involve a trade-off between multiple conflicting and non-commensurate objectives. Some of the most challenging ones are area-delay trade-off in VLSI synthesis and design space exploration, time-space trade-off in computation, and multi-strategy games. Conventional search techniques are not equipped to handle the partial order state spaces of multiobjective problems since they inherently assume a single scalar objective function. Multiobjective heuristic search techniques have been developed to specifically address multicriteria combinatorial optimization problems. This text describes the multiobjective search model and develops the theoretical foundations of the subject, including complexity results . The fundamental algorithms for three major problem formulation schemes, namely state-space formulations, problem-reduction formulations, and game-tree formulations are developed with the support of illustrative examples. Applications of multiobjective search techniques to synthesis problems in VLSI, and operations research are considered. This text provides a complete picture on contemporary research on multiobjective search, most of which is the contribution of the authors.
Author : Daniel Kahneman,Paul Slovic,Amos Tversky
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 574 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1982-04-30
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0521284147
Thirty-five chapters describe various judgmental heuristics and the biases they produce, not only in laboratory experiments, but in important social, medical, and political situations as well. Most review multiple studies or entire subareas rather than describing single experimental studies.
