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The God Particle by Leon M. Lederman,Dick Teresi Pdf
A fascinating tour of particle physics from Nobel Prize winner Leon Lederman. At the root of particle physics is an invincible sense of curiosity. Leon Lederman embraces this spirit of inquiry as he moves from the Greeks' earliest scientific observations to Einstein and beyond to chart this unique arm of scientific study. His survey concludes with the Higgs boson, nicknamed the God Particle, which scientists hypothesize will help unlock the last secrets of the subatomic universe, quarks and all--it's the dogged pursuit of this almost mystical entity that inspires Lederman's witty and accessible history.
Explains the science behind the discover of the Higgs particle, also known as the God particle, and its implications for the future of science. 20,000 first printing.
Higgs Force tells the dramatic story of how physicists produced their modern understanding of the Cosmos by unlocking the secrets of matter. Physicists believe that the universe began in a state of perfect symmetry. As the universe expanded and the temperature fell, much of this symmetry was lost in an all-encompassing transformation. We see the results all around us - the evolution of a complex and dynamic universe supporting the existence of sentient life. Deep beneath the Franco-Swiss border, CERN, with the mighty Large Hadron Collider, is seeking the ultimate confirmation of these ideas - the elusive Higgs particle, known to some as the God Particle.
Perspectives on Higgs Physics II by Gordon L Kane Pdf
The Standard Model of particle physics is extremely successful in describing nature. It is, however, incomplete in one major way: the masses of gauge bosons and fermions enter the Standard Model through the Higgs mechanism. That is completely satisfactory technically, but it is not understood physically. We do not yet know what nature really does to give mass to particles. Understanding Higgs physics is necessary in order to complete the Standard Model, and to learn how to extend it and improve its foundations. This book is a collection of current work and thinking about these questions by active workers. It speculates about what form the answers will take, as well as updates and extends previous books and reviews. Some chapters emphasize theoretical questions, some focus on connections with other areas of physics, and some discuss how we can get data to uncover nature's solution. This second edition adds information and insights from the last five years, including the recent indirect but statistically significant evidence for the existence of a Higgs boson from precision measurements. It contains contributions from Blondel, Quiros, Haber, Pokorski, Dawson, Janot, Mrenna, Gunion, Ibanez, Ross, Bigi, Carena, Wagner, Georgi, Chanowitz, Yuan, Hill, and others. Contents: What Can Precision Electroweak Data Tell Us About Electroweak Symmetry Breaking? (A Blondel)Higgs Boson Masses and Couplings in the Minimal Supersymmetric Model (H H Haber)The Standard Model Intermediate Mass Higgs Boson (S Dawson)Searching for Higgs Bosons at LEP 1 and LEP 2 (P Janot)Discovering a Light Mass Higgs Boson at the Tevatron Collider (S Mrenna)Constraints on the Higgs Boson Properties from the Effective Potential (M Quiros)What Is the Mass of the Lightest Supersymmetric Higgs Boson? (S Pokorski & P H Chankowski)Electroweak Breaking in Supersymmetric Models (L E Ibáñez & G G Ross)Detecting and Studying Higgs Bosons (J F Gunion)Electroweak Baryogenesis and Higgs Physics (M Carena & C E M Wagner)Addressing the Mysterious with the Obscure – CP Violation via Higgs Dynamics (I Bigi et al.)Why I Would Be Very Sad If a Higgs Boson Were Discovered (H Georgi)Topcolor Assisted Technicolor (C T Hill)Proposals for Studying TeV WLWL → WLWL Interactions Experimentally (C-P Yuan)Strong WW Scattering at the SSC and LHC (M S Chanowitz) Readership: High energy physicists. keywords:Higgs;Higgs Boson;Supersymmetry;Electroweak Symmetry Breaking;Tevatron;Baryogenesis;WW Scattering
Despite the great success of the standard model of electroweak and strong interactions to describe the phenomena observed in high energy physics experiments, the mechanism by which the elementary particles are endowed with their masses is yet to be unraveled. Does nature choose the Higgs mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking as predicted by the standard model, or do we need some alternative explanation? The purpose of the workshop is to capture new trends and ideas in this exciting area of fundamental physics, and to explore the potential of recent (LEPI), present (HERA, LEPII, SLC, Tevatron), and future (FMC, LHC, NLC) colliding-beam experiments to shed light on the Higgs puzzle. Contents:Analysis of the Z0 Resonant Amplitude in General Rξ Gauges and Related Problems (A Sirlin)Searches for Higgs Bosons at LEP2 and Status of ALEPH Four-Jet Events (P Janot)Aspects of Higgs Physics at the ILC (R Settles)Higgs Physics at a Muon Collider (J F Gunion)Radiative Corrections in the MSSM Higgs Sector (W Hollik)Unification or Compositeness? (P Langacker & J Erler)The Higgs Puzzle — What Can We Learn from Electroweak Phase Transition? (M E Shaposhnikov)Future Directions in Higgs Phenomenology (H E Haber)and other papers Readership: Physicists and postgraduate students in high energy physics. keywords:Higgs;Higgs Bosons;Muon Collider;Electroweak;Phenomenology
The Higgs Hunter's Guide is a definitive and comprehensive guide to the physics of Higgs bosons. In particular, it discusses the extended Higgs sectors required by those recent theoretical approaches that go beyond the Standard Model, including supersymmetry and superstring-inspired models.
Perspectives on Higgs Physics by Gordon L Kane Pdf
The masses of fermions and gauge bosons enter the Standard Model through the Higgs mechanism, which is satisfactory technically but is not understood physically. We do not know what nature really does to give mass to particles, nor what experimental clues will lead us to nature's solution. Understanding Higgs physics is necessary in order to complete the Standard Model, and to learn how to extend it and improve its foundations. This book is a collection of current work and thinking about these questions by active workers. It speculates about what form the answers will take, as well as updates and extends previous books and reviews. Some chapters emphasize theoretical questions, some focus on connections with other areas of physics, and some discuss how we can get the data to uncover nature's solution. Contents:The Higgs System (M Veltman)Constraints on Higgs Boson Properties from the Higgs Potential (M Sher)Higgs Bosons in the Minimal Supersymmetric Model: The Influence of Radiative Corrections (H E Haber)Producing the Intermediate Mass Higgs Boson (S Dawson)Search for Higgs Bosons with Isolated Photons at Large Hadron Colliders (Z Kunszt)Detecting the Supersymmetric Higgs Bosons (J F Gunion)What Kind of Higgs Boson Is It? (G L Kane)Electroweak Breaking in Supersymmetric Models (L E Ibáñez and G G Ross)Addressing the Mysterious with the Obscure — CP Violation via Higgs Dynamics (I I Bigi et al.)Electroweak Baryogenesis (N Turok)Why I Would Be Very Sad If a Higgs Boson Were Discovered (H Georgi)Strong W W Scattering at the SSC and LHC (M S Chanowitz)Equivalence Theorem and Scattering of Longitudinal Vector Bosons (H Veltman)Proposals for Studying TeV WLWL → WLWL Interactions Experimentally (C-P Yuan)The Revival of Technicolor Models (M B Einhorn)Top Quark Condensates (C T Hill) Readership: High energy physicists and astrophysicists. keywords:Higgs;Higgs Boson;Supersymmetry;Electroweak Symmetry Breaking;Tevatron;Baryogenesis;WW Scattering “… this is an excellent book. It should be in the collection of every particle physicist, as well as in every major research library.” Science (USA)
The Higgs boson is an undiscovered elementary particle, thought to be a vital piece of the closely fitting jigsaw of particle physics. Like all particles, it has wave properties akin to those ripples on the surface of a pond which has been disturbed; indeed, only when the ripples travel as a well defined group is it sensible to speak of a particle at all. In quantum language the analogue of the water surface which carries the waves is called a field. Each type of particle has its own corresponding field. The Higgs field is a particularly simple one -- it has the same properties viewed from every direction, and in important respects in indistinguishable from empty space. Thus physicists conceive of the Higgs field being "switched on", pervading all of space and endowing it with "grain" like that of a plank of wood. The direction of the grain in undetectable, and only becomes important once the Higgs' interactions with other particles are taken into account. for instance, particles call vector bosons can travel with the grain, in which case they move easily for large distances and may be observed as photons - that is, particles of light that we can see or record using a camera; or against, in which case their effective range is much shorter, and we call them W or Z particles. These play a central role in the physics of nuclear reactions, such as those occurring in the core of the sun. The Higgs field enables us to view these apparently unrelated phenomenon as two sides of the same coin; both may be described in terms of the properties of the same vector bosons. When particles of matter such as electrons or quarks (elementary constituents of protons and neutrons, which in turn constitute the atomic nucleus) travel through the grain, they are constantly flipped "head-over-heels". this forces them to move more slowly than their natural speed, that of light, by making them heavy.
The Beauty and the Boost: A Higgs Boson Tale by Brian Moser Pdf
Precision measurements of the Higgs boson’s properties are a powerful tool to look for deviations from the predictions of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. The 139/fb of proton-proton collision data which have been collected by the ATLAS experiment during Run 2 of the LHC, offer an opportunity to investigate rare Higgs-boson topologies, which are particularly sensitive to new physics scenarios but experimentally difficult to access. Several such measurements, which target Higgs-boson decays to heavy-flavour quarks, as well as their combinations are presented in this thesis. A novel analysis that measures Higgs-boson production in association with a heavy vector boson V (VH, with V=W,Z) at high energies is presented. Dedicated Higgs-boson reconstruction techniques are applied to reconstruct the highly Lorentz-boosted Higgs-boson decays into pairs of bottom quarks. The measurement is subsequently combined with a VH cross-section measurement at low and intermediate pT(V) to provide a differential cross-section measurement in kinematic fiducial volumes over the largest possible pT(V) range. All cross-section measurements agree with the SM predictions within relative uncertainties that range from 30% to 300%. The results are furthermore interpreted as limits on the parameters of a SM effective field theory. Finally, a combination of measurements of Higgs decays to heavy-flavour quarks is used to experimentally determine that the Higgs-boson coupling to charm quarks is weaker than to bottom quarks, as predicted by the SM. The target audience for the thesis are physicists and physics students, in particular those with a background in high energy physics.
Response of the High Granularity Calorimeter HGCAL and Characterisation of the Higgs Boson by Matteo Bonanomi Pdf
This book highlights the most complete characterization of the Higgs boson properties performed to date in the "golden channel," i.e., decay into a pair of Z bosons which subsequently decay into four leptons. The data collected by the CMS experiment in the so-called Run-II data-taking period of the LHC are used to produce an extensive set of results that test in detail the predictions of the Standard Model. Given the remarkable predictive power of the SM when including the Higgs boson, possible new physics will require even more extensive studies at higher statistics. A massive upgrade of the detectors is necessary to maintain the current physics performance in the harsh environment of the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project, expected to start by the end of 2027. The CMS Collaboration will replace the current endcap calorimeters with a High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL). The HGCAL will be the very first large-scale silicon-based imaging calorimeter ever employed in a high-energy physics experiment. This book presents the results of the analysis of the test beam data collected with the first large-scale prototype of the HGCAL. The results of this analysis are used to corroborate the final design of the HGCAL and its nominal physics performance expected for the HL-LHC operations.
Discovery of the Higgs Boson by Aleandro Nisati,Vivek Sharma Pdf
The recent observation of the Higgs boson has been hailed as the scientific discovery of the century and led to the 2013 Nobel Prize in physics. This book describes the detailed science behind the decades-long search for this elusive particle at the Large Electron Positron Collider at CERN and at the Tevatron at Fermilab and its subsequent discovery and characterization at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Written by physicists who played leading roles in this epic search and discovery, this book is an authoritative and pedagogical exposition of the portrait of the Higgs boson that has emerged from a large number of experimental measurements. As the first of its kind, this book should be of interest to graduate students and researchers in particle physics.
Search for the Higgs Boson in the Vector Boson Fusion Channel at the ATLAS Detector by Eric Ouellette Pdf
This Thesis describes the first measurement of, and constraints on, Higgs boson production in the vector boson fusion mode, where the Higgs decays to b quarks (the most common decay channel), at the LHC. The vector boson fusion mode, in which the Higgs is produced simultaneously with a pair of quark jets, provides an unparalleled opportunity to study the detailed properties of the Higgs, including the possibility of parity and CP violation, as well as its couplings and mass. It thus opens up this new field of study for precision investigation as the LHC increases in energy and intensity, leading the way to this new and exciting arena of precision Higgs research.
Higgs Boson Mass predicted by the Four Color Theorem by Ashay Dharwadker,Vladimir Khachatryan Pdf
We show that the mathematical proof of the four color theorem yields a perfect interpretation of the Standard Model of particle physics. The steps of the proof enable us to construct the t-Riemann surface and particle frame which forms the gauge. We specify well-defined rules to match the Standard Model in a one-to-one correspondence with the topological and algebraic structure of the particle frame. This correspondence is exact - it only allows the particles and force fields to have the observable properties of the Standard Model, giving us a Grand Unified Theory. In this paper, we concentrate on explicitly specifying the quarks, gauge vector bosons, the Standard Model scalar Higgs boson and the weak force field. Using all the specifications of our mathematical model, we show how to calculate the values of the Weinberg and Cabibbo angles on the particle frame. Finally, we present our prediction of the Higgs boson mass M = 126 GeV, as a direct consequence of the proof of the four color theorem.
