History Of Nordic Computing

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History of Nordic Computing

Janis Bubenko,John Impagliazzo,Arne Soelvberg
History of Nordic Computing Book PDF

Author : Janis Bubenko,John Impagliazzo,Arne Soelvberg
Publisher : Springer
Page : 484 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2005-12-28
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780387241685

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History of Nordic Computing by Janis Bubenko,John Impagliazzo,Arne Soelvberg Pdf

Computing in the Nordic countries started in late 1940s mainly as an engineering activity to build computing devices to perform mathematical calculations and assist mathematicians and engineers in scientific problem solving. The early computers of the Nordic countries emerged during the 1950s and had names like BARK, BESK, DASK, SMIL, SARA, ESKO, and NUSSE. Each of them became a nucleus in institutes and centres for mathematical computations programmed and used by highly qualified professionals. However, one should not forget the punched-card machine technology at this time that had existed for several decades. In addition, we have a Nordic name, namely Frederik Rosing Bull, contributing to the fundaments of punched card technology and forming the French company Bull. Commercial products such as FACIT EDB and SAAB D20-series computers in Sweden, the Danish GIER computer, the Nokia MIKKO computer in Finland, as well as the computers of Norsk Data in Norway followed the early computers. In many cases, however, companies and institutions did not further develop or exploit Nordic computing hardware, even though it exhibited technical advantages. Consequently, in the 1970s, US computers, primarily from IBM, flooded the Nordic market.

History of Nordic Computing 2

John Impagliazzo,Timo Järvi,Petri Paju
History of Nordic Computing 2 Book PDF

Author : John Impagliazzo,Timo Järvi,Petri Paju
Publisher : Springer
Page : 323 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2009-09-19
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642037573

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History of Nordic Computing 2 by John Impagliazzo,Timo Järvi,Petri Paju Pdf

The First Conference on the History of Nordic Computing (HiNC1) was organized in Trondheim, in June 2003. The HiNC1 event focused on the early years of computing, that is the years from the 1940s through the 1960s, although it formally extended to year 1985. In the preface of the proceedings of HiNC1, Janis Bubenko, Jr. , John Impagliazzo, and Arne Sølvberg describe well the peculiarities of early Nordic c- puting [1]. While developing hardware was a necessity for the first professionals, quite soon the computer became an industrial product. Computer scientists, among others, grew increasingly interested in programming and application software. P- gress in these areas from the 1960s to the 1980s was experienced as astonishing. The developments during these decades were taken as the focus of HiNC2. During those decades computers arrived to every branch of large and medium-sized businesses and the users of the computer systems were no longer only computer s- cialists but also people with other main duties. Compared to the early years of comp- ing before 1960, where the number of computer projects and applications was small, capturing a holistic view of the history between the 1960s and the 1980s is conside- bly more difficult. The HiNC2 conference attempted to help in this endeavor.

History of Nordic Computing 4

Christian Gram,Per Rasmussen,Søren Duus Østergaard
History of Nordic Computing 4 Book PDF

Author : Christian Gram,Per Rasmussen,Søren Duus Østergaard
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3319171461

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History of Nordic Computing 4 by Christian Gram,Per Rasmussen,Søren Duus Østergaard Pdf

This book constitutes the refereed post-proceedings of the 4th IFIP WG 9.7 Conference on the History of Nordic Computing, HiNC 4, held in Copenhagen, Denmark, in August 2014. The 37 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this volume. The papers focus on innovative ICT milestones that transformed the nordic societies and on the new ideas, systems and solutions that helped creating the welfare societies of today, in particular solutions and systems for public services, e.g., tax, social benefits, health care and education; solutions and systems for the infrastructure of the society, e.g., banking, insurance, telephones, transport and energy supply; and technologies and IT policies behind the major IT milestones, e.g., user centric innovation, programming techniques and IT ethics. They are organized in topical sections on IT policy, infrastructure, public services, private services, telesystems, health care, IT in banking, transport and IT technology.

History of Nordic Computing 3

John Impagliazzo,Per Lundin,Benkt Wangler
History of Nordic Computing 3 Book PDF

Author : John Impagliazzo,Per Lundin,Benkt Wangler
Publisher : Springer
Page : 466 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2011-09-29
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642233159

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History of Nordic Computing 3 by John Impagliazzo,Per Lundin,Benkt Wangler Pdf

This book constitutes the refereed post-proceedings of the Third IFIP WG 9.7 Conference on the History of Nordic Computing, HiNC3, held in Stockholm, Sweden, in October 2010. The 50 revised full papers presented together with a keynote address and a panel discussion were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers focus on the application and use of ICT and ways in which technical progress affected the conditions of the development and use of ICT systems in the Nordic countries covering a period from around 1970 until the beginning of the 1990s. They are organized in the following topical sections: computerizing public sector industries; computerizing management and financial industries; computerizing art, media, and schools; users and systems development; the making of a Nordic computing industry; Nordic networking; Nordic software development; Nordic research in software and systems development; teaching at Nordic universities; and new historiographical approaches and methodological reflections.

History of Nordic Computing

Janis Bubenko,John Impagliazzo,Arne Soelvberg
History of Nordic Computing Book PDF

Author : Janis Bubenko,John Impagliazzo,Arne Soelvberg
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 484 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2005-01-14
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780387241678

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History of Nordic Computing by Janis Bubenko,John Impagliazzo,Arne Soelvberg Pdf

Computing in the Nordic countries started in late 1940s mainly as an engineering activity to build computing devices to perform mathematical calculations and assist mathematicians and engineers in scientific problem solving. The early computers of the Nordic countries emerged during the 1950s and had names like BARK, BESK, DASK, SMIL, SARA, ESKO, and NUSSE. Each of them became a nucleus in institutes and centres for mathematical computations programmed and used by highly qualified professionals. However, one should not forget the punched-card machine technology at this time that had existed for several decades. In addition, we have a Nordic name, namely Frederik Rosing Bull, contributing to the fundaments of punched card technology and forming the French company Bull. Commercial products such as FACIT EDB and SAAB D20-series computers in Sweden, the Danish GIER computer, the Nokia MIKKO computer in Finland, as well as the computers of Norsk Data in Norway followed the early computers. In many cases, however, companies and institutions did not further develop or exploit Nordic computing hardware, even though it exhibited technical advantages. Consequently, in the 1970s, US computers, primarily from IBM, flooded the Nordic market.

History of Nordic Computing 3

John Impagliazzo,Per Lundin,Benkt Wangler
History of Nordic Computing 3 Book PDF

Author : John Impagliazzo,Per Lundin,Benkt Wangler
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 480 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2011-09-29
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642233142

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History of Nordic Computing 3 by John Impagliazzo,Per Lundin,Benkt Wangler Pdf

This book constitutes the refereed post-proceedings of the Third IFIP WG 9.7 Conference on the History of Nordic Computing, HiNC3, held in Stockholm, Sweden, in October 2010. The 50 revised full papers presented together with a keynote address and a panel discussion were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers focus on the application and use of ICT and ways in which technical progress affected the conditions of the development and use of ICT systems in the Nordic countries covering a period from around 1970 until the beginning of the 1990s. They are organized in the following topical sections: computerizing public sector industries; computerizing management and financial industries; computerizing art, media, and schools; users and systems development; the making of a Nordic computing industry; Nordic networking; Nordic software development; Nordic research in software and systems development; teaching at Nordic universities; and new historiographical approaches and methodological reflections.

History of Nordic Computing 4

Christian Gram,Per Rasmussen,Søren Duus Østergaard
History of Nordic Computing 4 Book PDF

Author : Christian Gram,Per Rasmussen,Søren Duus Østergaard
Publisher : Springer
Page : 387 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2015-05-05
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783319171456

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History of Nordic Computing 4 by Christian Gram,Per Rasmussen,Søren Duus Østergaard Pdf

This book constitutes the refereed post-proceedings of the 4th IFIP WG 9.7 Conference on the History of Nordic Computing, HiNC 4, held in Copenhagen, Denmark, in August 2014. The 37 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this volume. The papers focus on innovative ICT milestones that transformed the nordic societies and on the new ideas, systems and solutions that helped creating the welfare societies of today, in particular solutions and systems for public services, e.g., tax, social benefits, health care and education; solutions and systems for the infrastructure of the society, e.g., banking, insurance, telephones, transport and energy supply; and technologies and IT policies behind the major IT milestones, e.g., user centric innovation, programming techniques and IT ethics. They are organized in topical sections on IT policy, infrastructure, public services, private services, telesystems, health care, IT in banking, transport and IT technology.

History of Computing: Learning from the Past

Arthur Tatnall
History of Computing Learning from the Past Book PDF

Author : Arthur Tatnall
Publisher : Springer
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2010-08-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642151996

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History of Computing: Learning from the Past by Arthur Tatnall Pdf

History of Computing: Learning from the Past Why is the history of computing important? Given that the computer, as we now know it, came into existence less than 70 years ago it might seem a little odd to some people that we are concerned with its history. Isn’t history about ‘old things’? Computing, of course, goes back much further than 70 years with many earlier - vices rightly being known as computers, and their history is, of course, important. It is only the history of electronic digital computers that is relatively recent. History is often justified by use of a quote from George Santayana who famously said that: ‘Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it’. It is arguable whether there are particular mistakes in the history of computing that we should avoid in the future, but there is some circularity in this question, as the only way we will know the answer to this is to study our history. This book contains papers on a wide range of topics relating to the history of c- puting, written both by historians and also by those who were involved in creating this history. The papers are the result of an international conference on the History of Computing that was held as a part of the IFIP World Computer Congress in Brisbane in September 2010.

Milestones in Analog and Digital Computing

Herbert Bruderer
Milestones in Analog and Digital Computing Book PDF

Author : Herbert Bruderer
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 2072 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2021-01-04
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783030409746

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Milestones in Analog and Digital Computing by Herbert Bruderer Pdf

This Third Edition is the first English-language edition of the award-winning Meilensteine der Rechentechnik; illustrated in full color throughout in two volumes. The Third Edition is devoted to both analog and digital computing devices, as well as the world's most magnificient historical automatons and select scientific instruments (employed in astronomy, surveying, time measurement, etc.). It also features detailed instructions for analog and digital mechanical calculating machines and instruments, and is the only such historical book with comprehensive technical glossaries of terms not found in print or in online dictionaries. The book also includes a very extensive bibliography based on the literature of numerous countries around the world. Meticulously researched, the author conducted a worldwide survey of science, technology and art museums with their main holdings of analog and digital calculating and computing machines and devices, historical automatons and selected scientific instruments in order to describe a broad range of masterful technical achievements. Also covering the history of mathematics and computer science, this work documents the cultural heritage of technology as well.

Computers in Swedish Society

Per Lundin
Computers in Swedish Society Book PDF

Author : Per Lundin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2012-05-02
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781447129332

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Computers in Swedish Society by Per Lundin Pdf

This book reviews the shift in the historiography of computing from inventors and innovations to a user-perspective, and examines how the relevant sources can be created, collected, preserved, and disseminated. The text describes and evaluates a project in Sweden that documented the stories of around 700 people. The book also provides a critical discussion on the interpretation of oral evidence, presenting three case studies on how this evidence can inform us about the interaction of computing with large-scale transformations in economies, cultures, and societies. Features: describes a historiography aimed at addressing the question of how computing shaped and transformed Swedish society between 1950 and 1980; presents a user-centered perspective on the history of computing, after explaining the benefits of such an approach; examines the documentation of users, describing novel and innovative documentation methods; discusses the pros and cons of collaborative projects between academia and industry.

History of Technology Volume 28

Ian Inkster
History of Technology Volume 28 Book PDF

Author : Ian Inkster
Publisher : A&C Black
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2009-03-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781441141217

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History of Technology Volume 28 by Ian Inkster Pdf

Technical standards have received increasing attention in recent years from historians of science and technology, management theorists and economists. Often, inquiry focuses on the emergence of stability, technical closure and culturally uniform modernity. Yet current literature also emphasizes the durability of localism, heterogeneity and user choice. This collection investigates the apparent tension between these trends using case studies from across the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The History of Technology addresses tensions between material standards and process standards, explores the distinction between specifying standards and achieving convergence towards them, and examines some of the discontents generated by the reach of standards into 'everyday life'. Includes the Special Issue "By whose standards? Standardization, stability and uniformity in the history of information and electrical technologies"

How Computers Entered the Classroom, 1960–2000

Carmen Flury,Michael Geiss
How Computers Entered the Classroom 1960 2000 Book PDF

Author : Carmen Flury,Michael Geiss
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2023-06-19
Category : Education
ISBN : 9783110780147

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How Computers Entered the Classroom, 1960–2000 by Carmen Flury,Michael Geiss Pdf

In the history of education, the question of how computers were introduced into European classrooms has so far been largely neglected. This edited volume strives to address this gap. The contributions shed light on the computerization of education from a historical perspective, by attending closely to the different actors involved – such as politicians, computer manufacturers, teachers, and students –, political rationales and ideologies, as well as financial, political, or organizational structures and relations. The case studies highlight differences in political and economic power, as well as in ideological reasoning and the priorities set by different stakeholders in the process of introducing computers into education. However, the contributions also demonstrate that simple cold war narratives fail to capture the complex dynamics and entanglements in the history of computers as an educational technology and a subject taught in schools. The edited volume thus provides a comprehensive historical understanding of the role of education in an emerging digital society.

The Digital Flood

James W. Cortada
The Digital Flood Book PDF

Author : James W. Cortada
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 810 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2012-09-27
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780199921553

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The Digital Flood by James W. Cortada Pdf

The history of how computers spread to over 20 nations globally in less than six decades, exploring economic, political, social and technological reasons and consequences. It is based on extensive research into primary and secondary sources, and concludes with a discussion of implications for key players in the globalized economy.

Hacking Europe

Gerard Alberts,Ruth Oldenziel
Hacking Europe Book PDF

Author : Gerard Alberts,Ruth Oldenziel
Publisher : Springer
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2014-09-03
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781447154938

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Hacking Europe by Gerard Alberts,Ruth Oldenziel Pdf

Hacking Europe traces the user practices of chopping games in Warsaw, hacking software in Athens, creating chaos in Hamburg, producing demos in Turku, and partying with computing in Zagreb and Amsterdam. Focusing on several European countries at the end of the Cold War, the book shows the digital development was not an exclusively American affair. Local hacker communities appropriated the computer and forged new cultures around it like the hackers in Yugoslavia, Poland and Finland, who showed off their tricks and creating distinct “demoscenes.” Together the essays reflect a diverse palette of cultural practices by which European users domesticated computer technologies. Each chapter explores the mediating actors instrumental in introducing and spreading the cultures of computing around Europe. More generally, the “ludological” element--the role of mischief, humor, and play--discussed here as crucial for analysis of hacker culture, opens new vistas for the study of the history of technology.

Beyond the Divide

Simo Mikkonen,Pia Koivunen
Beyond the Divide Book PDF

Author : Simo Mikkonen,Pia Koivunen
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 335 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2015-10-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781782388678

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Beyond the Divide by Simo Mikkonen,Pia Koivunen Pdf

Cold War history has emphasized the division of Europe into two warring camps with separate ideologies and little in common. This volume presents an alternative perspective by suggesting that there were transnational networks bridging the gap and connecting like-minded people on both sides of the divide. Long before the fall of the Berlin Wall, there were institutions, organizations, and individuals who brought people from the East and the West together, joined by shared professions, ideas, and sometimes even through marriage. The volume aims at proving that the post-WWII histories of Western and Eastern Europe were entangled by looking at cases involving France, Denmark, Poland, Romania, Switzerland, and others.