How New Words Come Into The Language

Author : Anne-Katrin Wilking
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 12 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2011-08-18
Category : Literary Collections
ISBN : 9783640986583

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How new words come into the language by Anne-Katrin Wilking Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, University of Rostock, language: English, abstract: ...The study of language has become a subject of interest for many years. English for instance, has without a doubt become the global language. Whenever we turn on the news to find out what is happening from four corner of the world, local people are being interviewed and telling us about it in English. To be more specific, English is adopted as an internal lingua franca and second language for most Europeans (Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Dutch, and France) although English is not treated as an official language in these countries. While in most Asian countries, having English is always associated with having a prestigious job and career. However, people do not realize that English has adopted enormous number of words from various countries in the world since the imperialism and trade kicked off. ... This essay will respectively discuss the various ways that word-formation processes come into a language, adapted from Yule (1996, p.63-70) namely; coinage, borrowing, compounding, blending, clipping, backformation, conversion, acronyms, derivation, prefixes and suffixes, infixes and multiple processes. Furthermore, this essay will also discuss the implications of word formation for a language learning and teaching process....

Author : John Camden Hotten
Publisher : London : Chatto and Windus
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 1874
Category : English language
ISBN : STANFORD:36105004988478

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The Slang Dictionary: Etymological, Historical, and Anecdotal by John Camden Hotten Pdf

Author : Paul J.J. Payack
Publisher : Kensington Publishing Corp.
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2012-03-01
Category : Reference
ISBN : 9780806535609

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A Million Words And Counting: How Global English Is Rewriting The World by Paul J.J. Payack Pdf

From Babel to Babble . . . Everyone is Speaking English In 2007, the English language passed the million-word mark. That shouldn't come as a surprise since over a billion Earthlings speak English (no one knows about other planets, but they probably speak it, too). That makes for a lot of word-coiners (neologists) out there. And where are all these new words coming from? Hollywood? Technology? The Internet? Corporate boardrooms? Youthspeak? How do world events--from tsunamis and hurricanes to political doublespeak and presidential linguistic bumbling--influence the words we use on a daily basis? What do e-mails, text messages, and emoticons contribute to the language? Let WordMan Paul J.J. Payack take you on a global tour of English-speaking worlds--virtual and otherwise: • From India, Singapore, and China, to Australia, the U.S. and the U.K. • From film, television, fashion, music, politics, sports, games, business, technology and science • From TV junkies, fashionistas and sports fans, to amateur historians and linguists • And from every other source that contributes to the global tapestry of English Get ready for a whirlwind tour of our increasingly global culture and how it becomes that way. A Million Words? Fundoo! Podcast, Chinglish, truthiness, crunk. Just a year or two ago, these words were gibberish to most English speakers. Today they pop up in everyday conversation worldwide, just four of the ten thousand new words added to the English language every year. Spurred by the universality of the Internet--where it is the de facto lingua franca--and the global reach of its media, English is growing at a rate unprecedented in its 1500-year history. Indeed, in the spring of 2007, the English word count surpassed a million--over ten times the number available in French. At the crest of this linguistic tsunami surfs Paul J.J. Payack, aka the WordMan. As president of the Global Language Monitor, he has tracked the latest developments--the fascinating hybrids, the bizarre etymologies, the lasting malapropisms--in the language shared by two billion of the Earth's citizens. Aided by a worldwide network of similarly obsessed "language mavens" and armed with his own powerful word-counting algorithm, Payack ensures that no new English word falls from the tongue or marks the page without being counted toward the Million Word March. A Million Words and Counting is a celebration of the vast variety and ever-evolving expressiveness of humanity's most universal language. Fun and informative, this guide is a joyful exploration of English as it spreads across the globe, as it is spoken today, and as it expands into the future. Each entertaining chapter of this ambitious linguistic survey examines another source of new English, including Hollywood, youth culture, other languages, corporate boardrooms, and tongue-tied presidents. An engaging compendium of English-language facts and factoids, this is a trivia lover's goldmine and a logophile's playground.

Author : Robert Scheutz
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 14 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2003-06-20
Category : Literary Collections
ISBN : 9783638200752

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Where do new words come from? by Robert Scheutz Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 3 (C), University of Graz (Humanities Faculty), course: Introduction to English Linguistics, language: English, abstract: Language and words as its basis are tools to communicate meaning. Language is the key to successful cultural and social living which depends on exchanging (encoding and decoding) meaning. Therefore new words are assigned to refer to new meanings. New words and especially coinages (invented, totally new terms) appear in the emerging fields of society: in the televised contemporary history, in (counter)culture, in advanced technology and even in daily smalltalk. 'McJob', 'artsy', 'daisy-cutter', 'MIDI', 'emoticon', 'carjacking' or 'cyberspace' to name just a view recent examples, show the great variety of new words. Due to the complexity and the on-going developments this paper makes no demand to giving a complete description. The attempt is to analyse basic concepts and further to sketch relevant areas of neologisms (dictionary-approved new words). 1 Definitions In order to the major question of this paper, it's important to define clearly what "new words" are – "a new word is a form or the use of a form not recorded in general dictionaries". (Algeo 1991: 2) The crucial condition for the inclusion in dictionaries is frequent usage. A dictionary which is a source of neologisms is the Oxford Dictionary of New Words. The editor, S. Tulloch defines a condition: "[...] whether or not the general public was made aware of [...] a new word is any word, phrase, or meaning that came into popular use in English or enjoyed a vogue during the eighties and [...] nineties." (Tulloch. ODNW 1991: v) The lexiographical procedure seems to be quite important in defining neologisms. An example by D. Crystal gets things straight (cf. Crystal 1995: 132). As mentioned in the introduction the basic purpose of new words is to fill representational gaps new meanings or new mental concepts open. One type of new word is nonce words (from the 16th century phrase 'for the nonce', meaning 'for the once') which are produced to solve communication difficulties: Somone who wants to describe excess water on a road uses the word fuddle – meaning something bigger than a puddle but smaller than a flood. [...]

Author : Christian Mair
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 26 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2006-10-26
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781139459624

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Twentieth-Century English by Christian Mair Pdf

Standard English has evolved and developed in many ways over the past hundred years. From pronunciation to vocabulary to grammar, this concise survey clearly documents the recent history of Standard English. Drawing on large amounts of authentic corpus data, it shows how we can track ongoing changes to the language, and demonstrates each of the major developments that have taken place. As well as taking insights from a vast body of literature, Christian Mair presents the results of his own cutting-edge research, revealing some important changes which have not been previously documented. He concludes by exploring how social and cultural factors, such as the American influence on British English, have affected Standard English in recent times. Authoritative, informative and engaging, this book will be essential reading for anyone interested in language change in progress, particularly those working on English, and will be welcomed by students, researchers and language teachers alike.

Author : Allan A. Metcalf
Publisher : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 061813008X

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Predicting New Words by Allan A. Metcalf Pdf

Examines the phenomenon of new word creation, offering criteria for predicting the success of new words and including the American Dialect Society's listing of words of the year from 1991 to 2001.

Author : Carey McIntosh
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2020-05-18
Category : History
ISBN : 9789004430631

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Semantics and Cultural Change in the British Enlightenment: New Words and Old by Carey McIntosh Pdf

A study of English semantics during the Enlightenment. New words 1650–1800 reflect the new middle-class culture of sociability, commerce, and science. Old mostly obsolete words illuminate the realities of working-class life, exhausting labor, dirt, outrageous sexism, magic, horses, bizarre food.

Author : John A. Simpson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2002-04-18
Category : Reference
ISBN : 0195218892

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Oxford English Dictionary by John A. Simpson Pdf

The Oxford English Dictionary is the internationally recognized authority on the evolution of the English language from 1150 to the present day. The Dictionary defines over 500,000 words, making it an unsurpassed guide to the meaning, pronunciation, and history of the English language. This new upgrade version of The Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition on CD-ROM offers unparalleled access to the world's most important reference work for the English language. The text of this version has been augmented with the inclusion of the Oxford English Dictionary Additions Series (Volumes 1-3), published in 1993 and 1997, the Bibliography to the Second Edition, and other ancillary material. System requirements: PC with minimum 200 MHz Pentium-class processor; 32 MB RAM (64 MB recommended); 16-speed CD-ROM drive (32-speed recommended); Windows 95, 98, Me, NT, 200, or XP (Local administrator rights are required to install and open the OED for the first time on a PC running Windows NT 4 and to install and run the OED on Windows 2000 and XP); 1.1 GB hard disk space to run the OED from the CD-ROM and 1.7 GB to install the CD-ROM to the hard disk: SVGA monitor: 800 x 600 pixels: 16-bit (64k, high color) setting recommended. Please note: for the upgrade, installation requires the use of the OED CD-ROM v2.0.

Author : Natalia Gavrylenko
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 13 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2006-10-29
Category : Literary Collections
ISBN : 9783638562416

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Neologisms in American News Reporting by Natalia Gavrylenko Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject American Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,4, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 6 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Every nation is known by the culture represented through the language it keeps, and every aspect of the life of a people is reflected in their vocabulary. Like the history of a country, its vocabulary bears witness of its past and present. As the community changes in its technological development or social transformation, so does its language. Some words get out of usage or get transformed; new words are created to represent the reality brought to us by mass media in particular through news reporting. Although there are general patterns of word-formation, language is not a fixed, rigid system; according to the current stage of development new words enter the vocabulary continuously, and certain tendencies of forming new words appear and may disappear again. This work will be focused on current trends in American English word-formation and new words in news reporting. After the presentation of general definitions of neologisms, their aspects and major word-formation patterns, morphological classification will be shown. Although various semantic fields of neologisms will be introduced, it is almost impossible to present all tendencies. In order to fix certain trends, largely have been chosen and examined examples from John Algeo′sFifty Years Among the New Words ( A Dictionary of Neologisms, 1941 - 1991)and Jonathon Green′s Neologisms - New Words since 1960.

Author : Heidi Harley
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2017-11-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781119485674

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English Words by Heidi Harley Pdf

English Words is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the study of English words from a theoretically informed linguistic perspective. accessibly written to give students a command of basic theory, skills in analyzing English words, and the foundation needed for more advanced study in linguistic theory or lexicology covers basic introductory material and investigates the structure of English vocabulary introduces students to the technical study of words from relevant areas of linguistics: phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, historical linguistics and psycholinguistics

Author : Francis Katamba
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780415104678

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English Words by Francis Katamba Pdf

This book aims to arouse curiosity about English words and about the nature of language in general, especially among introductory students who do not intend to specialize in linguistics. It examines words from various backgrounds - including poetry, journalism, advertising. No previous knowledge of linguistics is assumed. The approach to the study of words is descriptive rather than theoretical. It looks at the structure of words, their meaning, spelling and pronunciation, how new words are manufactured or imported, and how the meaning of words change with time. Katamba also investigates how the mind deals with the amazing intellectual feat of retrieving the right word from its mental dictionary during conversation.

Author : Carolin Müller-Spitzer
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 393 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2014-02-27
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110341287

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Using Online Dictionaries by Carolin Müller-Spitzer Pdf

Until now, there has been very little research into the use of online dictionaries. In contrast, the market for online dictionaries is increasing both for academic lexicography and for commercial lexicography, with sales figures for printed reference works in continual decline. This has led to a demand for reliable empirical information on how online dictionaries are actually being used and how they could be made more user-friendly. The volume Using Online Dictionaries makes a substantial contribution to closing this research gap. It is divided into four parts: The first part contains articles on fundamental issues: a research review of the empirical studies on digital dictionaries which have already been carried out, and a brief methodological guideline for lexicographical researchers who are interested in conducting their own empirical research. The second part contains the results of two studies that focus on general questions about the use of online dictionaries. It presents empirical data on contexts of dictionary use, on expectations and demands regarding online dictionaries. Furthermore, innovative features, such as the use of multimedia elements or the option of a user-adaptive interface and questions of design were assessed empirically. The third part of this volume comprises more specific studies of online dictionaries: an eye-tracking study evaluating the new web design of the dictionary portal OWID and a log file study which tries to get to the bottom of the following question: Do dictionary users look up frequent words, or put differently, is there a connection between how often a word is looked up and how often it appears in a corpus? In the last chapter of this thematic section, the question of how users judge the combination of a written paraphrase and an additional illustration in illustrated online dictionaries is addressed. The last part focuses on the use of monolingual dictionaries, in particular the German online dictionary elexiko. In this context, two online questionnaire-based studies were carried out. The empirical studies were conducted in the form of online surveys combining questionnaires and experimental elements and in the form of laboratory studies using eye-tracking technology as well as using observational methods such as log file analyses. Regarding the comprehensive research framework, this volume can be relevant to lexicographers, metalexicographers and linguists who are interested in the use of (online) dictionaries and in the development and exploration of lexicographical data for the internet, as well as linguists interested in empirical methods. It addresses a broad expert audience by presenting an academic subject which is currently the focus of much discussion.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0618101373

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Dictionary of Computer and Internet Words by Anonim Pdf

Precise, easy to understand definitions that are free of unnecessary technical jargon; abbreviations and acronyms defined and explained; informative tables and illustrations and extensive cross-references that connect related concepts.

Author : Kate Woodford,Guy Jackson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1550 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Foreign Language Study
ISBN : 0521824230

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Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary by Kate Woodford,Guy Jackson Pdf

The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary is the ideal dictionary for advanced EFL/ESL learners. Easy to use and with a great CD-ROM - the perfect learner's dictionary for exam success. First published as the Cambridge International Dictionary of English, this new edition has been completely updated and redesigned. - References to over 170,000 words, phrases and examples explained in clear and natural English - All the important new words that have come into the language (e.g. dirty bomb, lairy, 9/11, clickable) - Over 200 'Common Learner Error' notes, based on the Cambridge Learner Corpus from Cambridge ESOL exams Plus, on the CD-ROM: - SMART thesaurus - lets you find all the words with the same meaning - QUICKfind - automatically looks up words while you are working on-screen - SUPERwrite - tools for advanced writing, giving help with grammar and collocation - Hear and practise all the words.

Author : Sally McConnell-Ginet
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 339 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2020-08-27
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781108427210

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Words Matter by Sally McConnell-Ginet Pdf

Featuring current and historical concrete examples and minimising technical vocabulary, Words Matter is for all interested in examining ideas about language and its connections to social conflict and change. Accessible to general readers, the book will also be useful in linguistics, philosophy, anthropology, or other classes featuring language.