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Author : J. Vernon Henderson Publisher : World Bank Publications Page : 48 pages File Size : 53,5 Mb Release : 2000 Category : Cities and towns ISBN : 8210379456XXX
How Urban Concentration Affects Economic Growth by J. Vernon Henderson Pdf
If urban overconcentration really is an issue, it ought to affect economic growth rates in a robust, consistent fashion. And it does. Not only is there an optimal degree of urban concentration that varies with country income, but departures from optimal concentration result in substantial growth losses. Overconcentrated countries can reduce concentration by investing in interregional transport infrastructure, in particular, increasing the density of road networks.
Urbanization and Growth by Michael Spence,Patricia Clarke Annez,Robert M. Buckley Pdf
Why is productivity higher in cities? Does urbanization cause growth or does growth cause urbanization? Do countries achieve rapid growth or high incomes without urbanization? How can policy makers reap the benefits of urbanization without paying too high a cost? Does supporting urbanization imply neglecting rural areas? Why do so few governments welcome urbanization? What should governments do to improve housing conditions in cities as they urbanize? Are innovations in housing finance a blessing or a curse for developing countries? How will governments finance the trillions of dollars of infrastructure spending needed for cities in developing countries? First in a series of thematic volumes, this book was prepared for the Commission on Growth and Development to evaluate the state of knowledge of the relationship between urbanization and economic growth. It does not pretend to provide all the answers, but it does identify insights and policy levers to help countries make urbanization work as part of a national growth strategy. It examines a variety of topics: the relevance and policy implications of recent advances in urban economics for developing countries, the role of economic geography in global economic trends and trade patterns, the impacts of urbanization on spatial inequality within countries, and alternative approaches to financing the substantial infrastructure investments required in developing-country cities. Written by prominent academics in their fields, Urbanization and Growth seeks to create a better understanding of the role of urbanization in growth and to inform policy makers tackling the formidable challenges it poses.
Urbanization and Its Impact on Socio-Economic Growth in Developing Regions by Benna, Umar,Benna, Indo Pdf
The social and economic systems of any country are influenced by a range of factors. As the global population grows in developing nations, it has become essential to examine the effects of urbanization. Urbanization and Its Impact on Socio-Economic Growth in Developing Regions is a pivotal reference source for the latest research findings on the role of urban growth on the socio-economic infrastructures in developing regions. Featuring extensive coverage on relevant areas such as job creation, sustainability, and transportation planning, this publication is an ideal resource for city development planners, decision-makers, researchers, academics, and students interested in emerging perspectives on socio-economic development.
Urbanization and Economic Growth by Vibhooti Shukla Pdf
This volume brings together the late Vibhooti Shukla's writings on urbanization and economic development covering a vast canvas of interconnected issues. Her pioneering analysis with Indian data strongly indicates that the positive correlation between productivity and city sizes holds for India as well as for developed countries. In a well-knit framework, Dr Shukla addresses the problem of city size and the implications for industrial dispersal policies and the phenomenon of rural-urban migrations. She goes on to discuss the spatial dimension of rural non-farm employment, infrastructure investment and the government's role in these. It is her concern with policy issues which takes her to the subject of infrastructure investment, especially its spatial dimension. Dr Shukla demonstrates that better water supply, asphalt roads and increased drainage capacity can have a great impact on productivity. Her essays underline the fact that economic infrastructure is not enough. Social infrastructure, such as investment in health and education, not only creates a healthier, enlightened population but can result in higher industrial productivity.
Urbanization in Developing Countries by Caroline Mutuku Pdf
Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Economic and Social History, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Urbanization is defined as the influx and increase of the number of people who live in the cities and major towns in the country, and it is caused by movement of people from rural areas to urban areas. The movement of people from rural to urban centers occurs mainly due to increased population pressure and limited resources available for a large population in the rural areas. Global change can be mostly associated to urban drift, and it contributes mostly to the people moving to the cities and towns. Most people move to urban centers in search of jobs and better living standards which are associated with urban areas. Various arguments have been advanced by scholars on whether urbanization is sustainable or unsustainable. In order to understand the sustainability of urbanization it is good to consider economic, social, political, cultural and environmental effects of urbanization. The increase in urbanization occurred during the industrialization period which took place in Europe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. During this period, large masses of people moved from rural areas to urban areas in search of employment in the industries, but this phenomenon is now being witnessed in developing countries where industrialization is assuming upward trends. This paper will provide an overview of urbanization in developing countries, especially regarding its sustainability.
Author : World Bank Publisher : World Bank Publications Page : 300 pages File Size : 54,7 Mb Release : 2008-11-04 Category : Political Science ISBN : 082137608X
Rising densities of human settlements, migration and transport to reduce distances to market, and specialization and trade facilitated by fewer international divisions are central to economic development. The transformations along these three dimensions density, distance, and division are most noticeable in North America, Western Europe, and Japan, but countries in Asia and Eastern Europe are changing in ways similar in scope and speed. 'World Development Report 2009: Reshaping Economic Geography' concludes that these spatial transformations are essential, and should be encouraged. The conclusion is not without controversy. Slum-dwellers now number a billion, but the rush to cities continues. Globalization is believed to benefit many, but not the billion people living in lagging areas of developing nations. High poverty and mortality persist among the world's 'bottom billion', while others grow wealthier and live longer lives. Concern for these three billion often comes with the prescription that growth must be made spatially balanced. The WDR has a different message: economic growth is seldom balanced, and efforts to spread it out prematurely will jeopardize progress. The Report: documents how production becomes more concentrated spatially as economies grow. proposes economic integration as the principle for promoting successful spatial transformations. revisits the debates on urbanization, territorial development, and regional integration and shows how today's developers can reshape economic geography.
How to achieve the welfare state in the twenty-first century by Kozulj, Roberto Pdf
Kozulj proposes a bold and vital idea: if the activities linked to urban development were reoriented towards the construction and reconstruction of sustainable cities, this would tend to solve a large part of the problem of structural unemployment,
Urbanization and Migration as Factors Affecting Global Economic Development by Ushakov, Denis Pdf
International migration and urbanization are potential solutions for stabilizing the global economy and bolstering local and regional economies. However, if unregulated, they can also put market stability at risk and cause new social problems in both developed and developing countries. Urbanization and Migration as Factors Affecting Global Economic Development takes a close look at the impact of urbanization and international migration on the global economy. Studying the dynamics of these two phenomena in countries across the world, as well as the varying successes of regional regulations, this publication is a valuable resource for academics interested in further research in urbanization, migration, and global economic efficiency, as well as policymakers involved in regulating international migration and urbanization.
OECD Urban Studies Cities in the World A New Perspective on Urbanisation by OECD,European Commission Pdf
Cities are not only home to around half of the global population but also major centers of economic activity and innovation. Yet, so far there has been no consensus of what a city really is. Substantial differences in the way cities, metropolitan, urban, and rural areas are defined across countries hinder robust international comparisons and an accurate monitoring of SDGs. The report Cities in the World: A New Perspective on Urbanisation addresses this void and provides new insights on urbanisation by applying for the first time two new definitions of human settlements to the entire globe: the Degree of Urbanisation and the Functional Urban Area.
Urbanization And Urban Policies In Pacific Asia by Roland J Fuchs Pdf
This book is the outcome of the Conference on Population Growth, Urbanization, and Urban Policies in the Asia-Pacific Region, held in Honolulu during 8-12 April 1985. It provides wide attention among development planners, urban managers, and scholars in the field of urban and development planning.
This in-depth study of the economics of urbanization and development explores the key characteristics of urban-rural patterns of production and consumption in developing countries--particularly Brazil, China and India--as well as government policies affecting urbanization, showing how policies often inadvertently create overcrowded industrial neighborhoods and squatter settlements. Drawing on a wealth of theoretical and empirical research, Henderson investigates rural-urban migration, changes in the production patterns in cities, the drain of skilled workers from small towns, individual city restrictions on growth and entry, and other phenomena.
Dennis A. Ahlburg,Allen C. Kelley,Karen Oppenheim Mason
Author : Dennis A. Ahlburg,Allen C. Kelley,Karen Oppenheim Mason Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media Page : 363 pages File Size : 43,5 Mb Release : 2013-03-14 Category : Political Science ISBN : 9783662032398
The Impact of Population Growth on Well-being in Developing Countries by Dennis A. Ahlburg,Allen C. Kelley,Karen Oppenheim Mason Pdf
This book examines the nature and significance of the impact of population growth on the weIl-being of developing countries-in particular, the effects on economic growth, education, health, food supply, housing, poverty, and the environment. In addition, because family planning programmes often significantly affect population growth, the study examines the impacts of family planning on fertility and health, and the human rights implications of family planning programmes. In considering the book's conclusions about the impact of population growth on development, four caveats should be noted. First, the effects of population growth vary from place to place and over time. Thus, blanket statements about overall effects often cannot be made. Where possible, the authors note the contexts in which population effects are strongest and weakest. Second, all of the outcomes examined in this book are influenced by factors other than population growth. Moreover, the impact of population growth may itself vary according to the presence or absence of other factors. This again makes bl anket statements about the effects of population growth difficult. Throughout the chapters, the authors try to identify other relevant factors that influence the outcomes we discuss or that influence the impact of population growth on those outcomes.
Author : Harry W. Richardson,Chang-Hee C. Bae Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media Page : 338 pages File Size : 45,6 Mb Release : 2005-07-06 Category : Business & Economics ISBN : 3540223622
Globalization and Urban Development by Harry W. Richardson,Chang-Hee C. Bae Pdf
Most research on globalization has focused on macroeconomic and economy-wide consequences. This book explores an under-researched area, the impacts of globalization on cities and national urban hierarchies, especially but not solely in developing countries. Most of the globalization-urban research has concentrated on the "global cities" (e.g. New York, London, Paris, Tokyo) that influence what happens in the rest of the world. In contrast, this research looks at the cities at the receiving end of the forces of globalization. The general finding is that large cities, on balance, benefit from globalization, although in some cases at the expense of widening spatial inequities.