Human And Animal Cognition In Early Modern Philosophy And Medicine

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Human and Animal Cognition in Early Modern Philosophy and Medicine

Stefanie Buchenau,Roberto Lo Presti
Human and Animal Cognition in Early Modern Philosophy and Medicine Book PDF

Author : Stefanie Buchenau,Roberto Lo Presti
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2017-07-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780822982371

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Human and Animal Cognition in Early Modern Philosophy and Medicine by Stefanie Buchenau,Roberto Lo Presti Pdf

From the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, new anatomical investigations of the brain and the nervous system, together with a renewed interest in comparative anatomy, allowed doctors and philosophers to ground their theories on sense perception, the emergence of human intelligence, and the soul/body relationship in modern science. They investigated the anatomical structures and the physiological processes underlying the rise, differentiation, and articulation of human cognitive activities, and looked for the “anatomical roots” of the specificity of human intelligence when compared to other forms of animal sensibility. This edited volume focuses on medical and philosophical debates on human intelligence and animal perception in the early modern age, providing fresh insights into the influence of medical discourse on the rise of modern philosophical anthropology. Contributions from distinguished historians of philosophy and medicine focus on sixteenth-century zoological, psychological, and embryological discourses on man; the impact of mechanism and comparative anatomy on philosophical conceptions of body and soul; and the key status of sensibility in the medical and philosophical enlightenment.

Encyclopedia of Early Modern Philosophy and the Sciences

Dana Jalobeanu,Charles T. Wolfe
Encyclopedia of Early Modern Philosophy and the Sciences Book PDF

Author : Dana Jalobeanu,Charles T. Wolfe
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 2267 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2022-08-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319310695

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Encyclopedia of Early Modern Philosophy and the Sciences by Dana Jalobeanu,Charles T. Wolfe Pdf

This Encyclopedia offers a fresh, integrated and creative perspective on the formation and foundations of philosophy and science in European modernity. Combining careful contextual reconstruction with arguments from traditional philosophy, the book examines methodological dimensions, breaks down traditional oppositions such as rationalism vs. empiricism, calls attention to gender issues, to ‘insiders and outsiders’, minor figures in philosophy, and underground movements, among many other topics. In addition, and in line with important recent transformations in the fields of history of science and early modern philosophy, the volume recognizes the specificity and significance of early modern science and discusses important developments including issues of historiography (such as historical epistemology), the interplay between the material culture and modes of knowledge, expert knowledge and craft knowledge. This book stands at the crossroads of different disciplines and combines their approaches – particularly the history of science, the history of philosophy, contemporary philosophy of science, and intellectual and cultural history. It brings together over 100 philosophers, historians of science, historians of mathematics, and medicine offering a comprehensive view of early modern philosophy and the sciences. It combines and discusses recent results from two very active fields: early modern philosophy and the history of (early modern) science. Editorial Board EDITORS-IN-CHIEF Dana Jalobeanu University of Bucharest, Romania Charles T. Wolfe Ghent University, Belgium ASSOCIATE EDITORS Delphine Bellis University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Zvi Biener University of Cincinnati, OH, USA Angus Gowland University College London, UK Ruth Hagengruber University of Paderborn, Germany Hiro Hirai Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Martin Lenz University of Groningen, The Netherlands Gideon Manning CalTech, Pasadena, CA, USA Silvia Manzo University of La Plata, Argentina Enrico Pasini University of Turin, Italy Cesare Pastorino TU Berlin, Germany Lucian Petrescu Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium Justin E. H. Smith University de Paris Diderot, France Marius Stan Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA Koen Vermeir CNRS-SPHERE + Université de Paris, France Kirsten Walsh University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Rethinking the Mind-Body Relationship in Early Modern Literature, Philosophy, and Medicine

Charis Charalampous
Rethinking the Mind Body Relationship in Early Modern Literature Philosophy and Medicine Book PDF

Author : Charis Charalampous
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2015-08-20
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9781317584209

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Rethinking the Mind-Body Relationship in Early Modern Literature, Philosophy, and Medicine by Charis Charalampous Pdf

This book explores a neglected feature of intellectual history and literature in the early modern period: the ways in which the body was theorized and represented as an intelligent cognitive agent, with desires, appetites, and understandings independent of the mind. It considers the works of early modern physicians, thinkers, and literary writers who explored the phenomenon of the independent and intelligent body. Charalampous rethinks the origin of dualism that is commonly associated with Descartes, uncovering hitherto unknown lines of reception regarding a form of dualism that understands the body as capable of performing complicated forms of cognition independently of the mind. The study examines the consequences of this way of thinking about the body for contemporary philosophy, theology, and medicine, opening up new vistas of thought against which to reassess perceptions of what literature can be thought and felt to do. Sifting and assessing this evidence sheds new light on a range of historical and literary issues relating to the treatment, perception, and representation of the human body. This book examines the notion of the thinking body across a wide range of genres, topics, and authors, including Montaigne’s Essays, Spenser’s allegorical poetry, Donne’s metaphysical poetry, tragic dramaturgy, Shakespeare, and Milton’s epic poetry and shorter poems. It will be essential for those studying early modern literature, cognition, and the body.

Hegel’s Encyclopedic System

Sebastian Stein,Joshua Wretzel
Hegel s Encyclopedic System Book PDF

Author : Sebastian Stein,Joshua Wretzel
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2021-09-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780429663536

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Hegel’s Encyclopedic System by Sebastian Stein,Joshua Wretzel Pdf

This book discusses the most comprehensive of Hegel’s works: his long-neglected Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Outline. It contains original essays by internationally renowned and emerging voices in Hegel scholarship. Their contributions elucidate fundamental aspects of Hegel’s encyclopedic system with an eye to its contemporary relevance. The book thus addresses system-level claims about Hegel’s unique conceptions of philosophy, philosophical "science" and its method, dialectic, speculative thinking, and the way they relate to both Hegelian and contemporary notions of nature, history, religion, freedom, and cultural praxis.

Vegetative Powers

Fabrizio Baldassarri,Andreas Blank
Vegetative Powers Book PDF

Author : Fabrizio Baldassarri,Andreas Blank
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 459 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2021-05-25
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030697099

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Vegetative Powers by Fabrizio Baldassarri,Andreas Blank Pdf

The volume analyzes the natural philosophical accounts and debates concerning the vegetative powers, namely nutrition, growth, and reproduction. While principally focusing on the early modern approaches to the lower functions of the soul, readers will discover the roots of these approaches back to the Ancient times, as the volume highlights the role of three strands that help shape the study of life in the Medieval and early modern natural philosophies. From late antiquity to the early modern period, the vegetative soul and its cognate concepts have played a substantial role in specifying life, living functions, and living bodies, sometimes blurring the line between living and non-living nature, and, at other moments, resulting in a strong restriction of life to a mechanical system of operations and powers. Unearthing the history of the vegetative soul as a shrub of interconnected concepts, the 24 contributions of the volume fill a crucial gap in scholarship, ultimately outlining the importance of vegetal processes of incessant proliferation, generation, and organic growth as the roots of life in natural philosophical interpretations.

René Descartes’s Natural Philosophy and Particular Bodies

Fabrizio Baldassarri
Ren Descartes s Natural Philosophy and Particular Bodies Book PDF

Author : Fabrizio Baldassarri
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 219 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2024-01-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783031486630

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René Descartes’s Natural Philosophy and Particular Bodies by Fabrizio Baldassarri Pdf

This book explores René Descartes’s attempts to describe particular bodies, such as rocks, minerals, metals, plants, and animals, within the mechanistic interpretation of nature of his philosophical program. Despite his early rationalistic epistemology, Descartes’s increasing attention to collections, histories, lists of qualities, and particular bodies results in a puzzling ‘short history of all natural phenomena’ contained in the Principles of philosophy (1644). The present book outlines the role of Descartes's observations and experimentation as he aimed to construct a universal science of nature, ultimately revealing the mechanization of nature in detail, and for curious bodies such as the Bologna Stone or the sensitive herb. What results is a theoretical natural history consistent with the mechanical principles of his philosophy, ultimately shedding new light on his attempt to produce a complete philosophy of nature.

Jesuit Philosophy on the Eve of Modernity

Cristiano Casalini
Jesuit Philosophy on the Eve of Modernity Book PDF

Author : Cristiano Casalini
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 473 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2019-03-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789004394414

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Jesuit Philosophy on the Eve of Modernity by Cristiano Casalini Pdf

In Jesuit Philosophy on the Eve of Modernity Cristiano Casalini collects eighteen contributions by renowned specialists to track the existence and distinctiveness of Jesuit philosophy during the first century since the inception of the order.

Animal Rationality

Anselm Oelze
Animal Rationality Book PDF

Author : Anselm Oelze
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2018-03-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9789004363779

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Animal Rationality by Anselm Oelze Pdf

In Animal Rationality: Later Medieval Theories 1250-1350, Anselm Oelze offers the first comprehensive and systematic exploration of theories of animal rationality in the later Middle Ages.

Aristotelian Subjectivism: Francisco Suárez’s Philosophy of Perception

Daniel Heider
Aristotelian Subjectivism Francisco Su rez s Philosophy of Perception Book PDF

Author : Daniel Heider
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2021-07-20
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030673413

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Aristotelian Subjectivism: Francisco Suárez’s Philosophy of Perception by Daniel Heider Pdf

This monograph presents new material on Francisco Suárez’s comprehensive theory of sense perception. The core theme is perceptual intentionality in Suárez’s theory of the senses, external and internal, as presented in his Commentaria una cum quaestionibus in libros Aristotelis De anima published in 1621. The author targets the question of the multistage genesis of perceptual acts by considering the ontological “items” involved in the procession of sensory information. However, the structural issue is not left aside, and the nature of the relationship due to which our perceptions are mental representations of this or that object is also considered. The heuristic historiographical background includes not only the theories of classical authors, such as Aristotle and Aquinas, but also those of late medieval authors of the fourteenth century. These are headed by John Duns Scotus, John of Jandun, Peter Auriol and Peter John Olivi. Readers will discover the differences between Suárez’s and Aquinas’s views, as well as other sources that may have served as positive inspiration for the Jesuit’s theory. By considering the late medieval philosophy of the fourteenth century, this book helps, to a certain extent, to fill a gap in the historiography of philosophy regarding the link between late medieval and early modern scholasticism. In the first part of the book, the metaphysics of the soul and powers is considered. Chapters on the external senses follow, covering topics such as the sensible species, the causes of sensation, self-awareness, and the ordering of the external senses. A further chapter is devoted to the internal senses and the author argues that by reducing the number and functional scope of the interior senses Suárez deepens the gap between the external senses and the intellect, but he reduces it through emphasizing the unifying efficacy of the soul.This book brings a synthetic and unifying perspective to contemporary research and will particularly appeal to graduate students and researchers in theology and philosophy, especially philosophy of mind.

The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Animal Minds

Kristin Andrews,Jacob Beck
The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Animal Minds Book PDF

Author : Kristin Andrews,Jacob Beck
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 522 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2017-07-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317585619

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The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Animal Minds by Kristin Andrews,Jacob Beck Pdf

While philosophers have been interested in animals since ancient times, in the last few decades the subject of animal minds has emerged as a major topic in philosophy. The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Animal Minds is an outstanding reference source to the key topics, problems, and debates in this exciting subject and is the first collection of its kind. Comprising nearly fifty chapters by a team of international contributors, the Handbook is divided into eight parts: Mental representation Reasoning and metacognition Consciousness Mindreading Communication Social cognition and culture Association, simplicity, and modeling Ethics. Within these sections, central issues, debates, and problems are examined, including: whether and how animals represent and reason about the world; how animal cognition differs from human cognition; whether animals are conscious; whether animals represent their own mental states or those of others; how animals communicate; the extent to which animals have cultures; how to choose among competing models and explanations of animal behavior; and whether animals are moral agents and/or moral patients. The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Animal Minds is essential reading for students and researchers in philosophy of mind, philosophy of psychology, ethics, and related disciplines such as ethology, biology, psychology, linguistics, and anthropology.

Perceiving Animals

Erica Fudge
Perceiving Animals Book PDF

Author : Erica Fudge
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 0252070682

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Perceiving Animals by Erica Fudge Pdf

The boundaries between human and beast forged a rugged philosophical landscape across early modern England. Spectators gathered in London's Bear Garden to watch the callous and brutal baiting of animals. A wave of "new" scientists performed vivisections on live animals to learn more about the human body. In Perceiving Animals, the British scholar Erica Fudge traces the dangers and problems of anthropocentrism in texts written from 1558 to 1649. Meticulous examinations of scientific, legal, political, literary, and religious writings offer unique and fascinating depictions of human perceptions about the natural world. Views carried over from bestiaries--medieval treatises on animals-- posited animals as nonsentient beings whose merits were measured solely by what provisions they afforded humans: food, medicine, clothing, travel, labor, scientific knowledge. Without consciences or faith, animals were deemed far inferior to humans. While writings from the period asserted an enormous biological superiority, Fudge contends actual human behavior and logic worked, sometimes accidentally, to close the alleged gap. In the Bear Garden, even a man of the lowest social rank had power over a tortured animal, sinking him, though, below the beasts. The beast fable itself fails to show a true understanding of animals, as it merely attributes human characteristics to beasts in an attempt to teach humanist ideals. Scholars and writers continually turned to the animal world for reflection. Despite this, scientists of the period used animals for empirical and medical knowledge, recognizing biological and spiritual similarities but refusing to renege human superiority. Including an insightful reexamination of Ben Jonson's Volpone and fascinating looks at works by Francis Bacon, Edward Coke, and Richard Overton, among others, Fudge probes issues of animal ownership and biological and spiritual superiority in early modern England that resonate with philosophical quandaries still relevant in contemporary society.

Interpreting Hobbes's Political Philosophy

S. A. Lloyd
Interpreting Hobbes s Political Philosophy Book PDF

Author : S. A. Lloyd
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 293 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2019-02-07
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781108415613

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Interpreting Hobbes's Political Philosophy by S. A. Lloyd Pdf

Details the current state of scholarly debate on crucial elements of Hobbesian political philosophy and presents innovative and original arguments.

Oxford's Sedleian Professors of Natural Philosophy

Christopher Hollings,Mark McCartney,Senior Lecturer in Mathematics Mark McCartney
Oxford s Sedleian Professors of Natural Philosophy Book PDF

Author : Christopher Hollings,Mark McCartney,Senior Lecturer in Mathematics Mark McCartney
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2023-11-16
Category : History
ISBN : 9780192843210

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Oxford's Sedleian Professors of Natural Philosophy by Christopher Hollings,Mark McCartney,Senior Lecturer in Mathematics Mark McCartney Pdf

Established in the early seventeenth century following a bequest to the university by Sir William Sedley, Oxford's Sedleian Professorship of Natural Philosophy is one of the university's oldest professorships. In common with other such positions established around this time, such as the Savilian Professorships of Geometry and Astronomy, for example, its purpose was to provide centrally organised lectures on a specific subject. While the Professorship is now a high-profile research post in applied mathematics, it has previously been held by physicians, an astronomer, and several people in the eighteenth century whose credentials in natural philosophy are much less clear. This edited volume traces the varied history of the chair through the first four centuries of its existence, combining specialised contributions from historians of medicine, of science, of mathematics, and of universities, together with personal reminiscences of some of the more recent holders of the post.

Minding Animals in the Old and New Worlds

Steven Wagschal
Minding Animals in the Old and New Worlds Book PDF

Author : Steven Wagschal
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2018-10-16
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9781487503321

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Minding Animals in the Old and New Worlds by Steven Wagschal Pdf

Minding Animals in the Old and New Worlds employs current research in cognitive science and the philosophy of animal cognition to explore how humans have understood non-human animals in the Iberian world, from the Middle Ages through the early modern period. Using texts from European and Indigenously-informed sources, Steven Wagschal argues that people tend to conceptualize the minds of animals in ways that reflect their own uses for the animal, the manner in which they interact with the animal, and the place in which the animal lives. Often this has little if anything to do with the actual cognitive abilities of the animal. However, occasionally early authors made surprisingly accurate assumptions about the thoughts and feelings of animals. Wagschal explores a number of ways in which culture and human cognition interact, including: the utility of anthropomorphism; the symbolic use of animals in medieval Christian texts; attempts at understanding the minds of animals in Spain's early modern farming and hunting books; the effect of novelty on animal conceptualizations in "New World" histories, and how Cervantes navigated the forms of anthropomorphism that preceded him to create the first embodied animal minds in fiction.

The Care of the Brain in Early Christianity

Jessica L. Wright
The Care of the Brain in Early Christianity Book PDF

Author : Jessica L. Wright
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 309 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2022-12-14
Category : History
ISBN : 9780520387676

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The Care of the Brain in Early Christianity by Jessica L. Wright Pdf

"The care of the brain in early Christianity is a history of the brain during late antiquity. Through close attention to ancient medical material and its transformation in Christian texts, Jessica Wright traces the roots of cerebral subjectivity--the identification of the individual self with the brain, a belief very much still with us today--to tensions within early Christianity over the brain's role in self-governance and its inherent vulnerability. Examining how early Christians appropriated medical ideas, Wright tracks how they used the vulnerability of the brain as a trope for teaching ascetic practices, therapeutics of the soul, and the path to salvation. Bringing a medical lens to the religous discourse, this text demonstrates that rather than rejecting medical traditions, early Christianity developed through creatively integrating them"--Publisher's website.