Human Ecology As Human Behavior

Human Ecology As Human Behavior Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle version is available to download in english. Read online anytime anywhere directly from your device. Click on the download button below to get a free pdf file of Human Ecology As Human Behavior book. This book definitely worth reading, it is an incredibly well-written.

Human Ecology as Human Behavior

John W. Bennett
Human Ecology as Human Behavior Book PDF

Author : John W. Bennett
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 478 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781351514477

Get Book

Human Ecology as Human Behavior by John W. Bennett Pdf

Human interaction with the natural environment has a dual character. By turning increasing quantities of natural substances into physical resources, human beings might be said to have freed themselves from the constraints of low-technology survival pressures. However, the process has generated a new dependence on nature in the form of complex "socionatural systems," as Bennett calls them, in which human society and behavior are so interlocked with the management of the environment that small changes in the systems can lead to disaster. Bennett's essays cover a wide range: from the philosophy of environmentalism to the ecology of economic development; from the human impact on semi-arid lands to the ecology of Japanese forest management. This expanded paperback edition includes a new chapter on the role of anthropology in economic development.Bennett's essays exhibit an underlying pessimism: if human behavior toward the physical environment is the distinctive cause of environmental abuse, then reform of current management practices offers only temporary relief; that is, conservationism, like democracy, must be continually reaffirmed. Clearly presented and free of jargon, Human Ecology as Human Behavior will be of interest to anthropologists, economists, and environmentalists.

Evolutionary Ecology and Human Behavior

Eric Alden Smith
Evolutionary Ecology and Human Behavior Book PDF

Author : Eric Alden Smith
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 574 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2017-09-29
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781351521314

Get Book

Evolutionary Ecology and Human Behavior by Eric Alden Smith Pdf

""à required reading for anyone interested in the economy, ecology, and demography of human societies."" --American Journal of Human Biology ""This excellent book can serve both as a text¼book and as a scholarly reference."" --American Scientist

Human Ecology as Human Behavior

John W. Bennett
Human Ecology as Human Behavior Book PDF

Author : John W. Bennett
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 398 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781351514484

Get Book

Human Ecology as Human Behavior by John W. Bennett Pdf

Human interaction with the natural environment has a dual character. By turning increasing quantities of natural substances into physical resources, human beings might be said to have freed themselves from the constraints of low-technology survival pressures. However, the process has generated a new dependence on nature in the form of complex "socionatural systems," as Bennett calls them, in which human society and behavior are so interlocked with the management of the environment that small changes in the systems can lead to disaster. Bennett's essays cover a wide range: from the philosophy of environmentalism to the ecology of economic development; from the human impact on semi-arid lands to the ecology of Japanese forest management. This expanded paperback edition includes a new chapter on the role of anthropology in economic development.Bennett's essays exhibit an underlying pessimism: if human behavior toward the physical environment is the distinctive cause of environmental abuse, then reform of current management practices offers only temporary relief; that is, conservationism, like democracy, must be continually reaffirmed. Clearly presented and free of jargon, Human Ecology as Human Behavior will be of interest to anthropologists, economists, and environmentalists.

Human Ecology as Human Behavior

John William Bennett
Human Ecology as Human Behavior Book PDF

Author : John William Bennett
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 357 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Applied anthropology
ISBN : OCLC:1204326578

Get Book

Human Ecology as Human Behavior by John William Bennett Pdf

Human interaction with the physical environment has a dual character. By turning increasing quantities of natural substances and other living species into "natural resources," human beings might be said to have freed themselves from the constraints of the natural world. However, this "freedom" has resulted in population increases and environmental damage that make human beings ever more dependent on nature. In Human Ecology as Human Behavior, John W. Bennett, one of the few anthropologists concerned with contemporary environmental issues, goes to the heart of this paradox to provide a wide-ranging, cross-disciplinary inquiry into the behavioral aspects of environmental problems and economic development. Bennett's essays are headed by an exposition of basic theory, followed by presentations of his major field studies of resource management. In the theoretical chapters he defines the behavioral and social processes whereby human beings realize their ability to shape nature to their own ends, for better or for worse. These chapters have an underlying pessimism: if human behavior toward the physical environment is the distinctive cause of environmental abuse, then reform of current management practices offers only temporary relief; that is, conservatism, like democracy, must be continually reaffirmed. The research project chapters show how these ideas were put to work in studies of Japanese forest management, water allocation in the North American West, and the management of communal agricultural resources and property among the Hutterian Brethren viewed from the standpoint of the "sustainability" issue in development studies. Finally, in a third and concluding section, Bennett reviews recent literature on the environmental movement and resource management. and in the last chapter surveys the rise of ecological philosophies that reject the centrality of human beings in nature and advocate the rights of other species. Clearly presented and free of jargon, Human Ecology as Human Behavior will be of interest to anthropologists, economists, and environmentalists.

Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort

George Kingsley Zipf
Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort Book PDF

Author : George Kingsley Zipf
Publisher : Ravenio Books
Page : 573 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2016-01-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

Get Book

Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort by George Kingsley Zipf Pdf

This classic is arranged as follows: Preface 1. The Question of Practical Application. 2. The Question of Natural Science. 1. Introduction and Orientation I. The Selection of a Path II. The “Singleness of the Superlative” III. The Principle of Least Effort IV. The Scope of the Principle: “Tools-and-Jobs” V. Previous Studies VI. Prospectus 2. On the Economy of Words I. In Medias Res: Vocabulary Usage, and the Forces of Unification and Diversification II. The Question of Vocabulary Balance III. The Orderly Distribution of Meanings IV. The Integrality of Frequencies V. The Integrality of Rank VI. The Length of Intervals Between Repetitions VII. The Problem of Spreading Work Over Time (The Even Distribution of Work Over Time) 3. Formal Semantic Balance and the Economy of Evolutionary Process I. The “Minimum Equation” Of Arrangement II. The Law of Abbreviation of Words III. The Law of Diminishing Returns of Tools IV. The Law of Diminishing Returns of Words 4. Children’s Verbalizations and the “Origin of Speech” I. The Problem II. Quantitative Data III. Theoretical Discussion of the “Origin” Of Speech IV. Summary 5. Language as Sensation and Mentation I. The Comparative Conservatism of Tools in the Risks and Opportunities of the Environment II. The Economy of Sensation III. Mentation: The Correlation of Sensory Data IV. A Mind as a Unit Semantic System V. Intellectual Rigidity and Death: Miscellanea V. Summary: The N Minimum 6. The Ego as the “Origin” Of a Frame of Reference I. A Definition of an Organism II. The Biosocial Population of Organisms III. The Economy of Procreation IV. The Synchrony of the Biosocial Continuum 7. Mind and the Economy of Symbolic Process: Sex, Culture, and Schizophrenia I. Human Sexual Activity II. The Economy of Symbolic Process (Substitution III. Culture, Society, and the Superego IV. Autism and the Confusion of Kinds of Reality V. On Schizophrenic Speech VI. Semantic Dynamics: Summary VI. Language and the Structure of the Personality 8. The Language of Dreams and of Art I. The Language of Dreams II. The Language of Art III. Language and the Structure of the Personality: Mary of Part One 9. The Economy of Geography I. A Lemma in Which a Number of Human Beings Becomes Increasingly More Organized II. The Hypothesis of the “Minimum Equation” III. Empiric Tests IV. Concluding Remarks 10. Intranational and International Cooperation and Conflict I. Canadian Data II. Unstable and Stable Intranational Conditions III. Stable and Unstable International Equilibria 11. The Distribution of Economic Power and Social Status I. Theoretical Considerations II. Empiric Data III. The Interaction Between Individuals: Dominance and Submission IV. Summary 12. Prestige Symbols and Cultural Vogues I. Theoretical Considerations II. Pioneer Empiric Data III. Musical Composers and Compositions IV. Samples of Congressional Action V. Summary

Environment and Culture

Irwin Altman,Joachim F. Wohlwill
Environment and Culture Book PDF

Author : Irwin Altman,Joachim F. Wohlwill
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 361 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781489904515

Get Book

Environment and Culture by Irwin Altman,Joachim F. Wohlwill Pdf

Following upon the first two volumes in this series, which dealt with a broad spectrum of topics in the environment and behavior field, ranging from theoretical to applied, and including disciplinary, interdisciplinary, and professionally oriented approaches, we have chosen to devote sub sequent volumes to more specifically defined topics. Thus, Volume Three dealt with Children and the Environment, seen from the combined perspective of researchers in environmental and developmental psy chology. The present volume has a similarly topical coverage, dealing with the complex set of relationships between culture and the physical environment. It is broad and necessarily eclectic with respect to content, theory, methodology, and epistemological stance, and the contributors to it represent a wide variety of fields and disciplines, including psy chology, geography, anthropology, economics, and environmental de sign. We were fortunate to enlist the collaboration of Amos Rapoport in the organization and editing of this volume, as he brings to this task a particularly pertinent perspective that combines anthropology and ar chitecture. Volume Five of the series, presently in preparation, will cover the subject of behavioral science aspects of transportation. Irwin Altman Joachim F. Wohlwill ix Contents Introduction 1 CHAPTER 1 CROSS-CULTURAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN AMOS RAPOPORT Introduction 7 Culture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Environmental Design 10 The Relationship of Culture and Environmental Design . . . . . . . . . 15 The Variability of Culture-Environment Relations 19 Culture-Specific Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Designing for Culture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Implications for the Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 CHAPTER 2 CROSS-CULTURAL RESEARCH METHODS: STRATEGIES, PROBLEMS, ApPLICATIONS RICHARD W.

Cultural Values and Human Ecology in Southeast Asia

Karl L. Hutterer,A. Terry Rambo,George Lovelace
Cultural Values and Human Ecology in Southeast Asia Book PDF

Author : Karl L. Hutterer,A. Terry Rambo,George Lovelace
Publisher : U OF M CENTER FOR SOUTH EAST ASIAN STUDI
Page : 429 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1985-01-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780891480396

Get Book

Cultural Values and Human Ecology in Southeast Asia by Karl L. Hutterer,A. Terry Rambo,George Lovelace Pdf

Ecologists have long based their conceptual frameworks in the natural sciences. Recently, however, they have acknowledged that ecosystems cannot be understood without taking into account human interventions that may have taken place for thousands of years. And for their part, social scientists have recognized that human behavior must be understood in the environment in which it is acted out. Researchers have thus begun to develop the area of “human ecology.” Yet human ecology needs suitable conceptual frameworks to tie the human and natural together. In response, Cultural Values and Human Ecology uses the framework of cultural values to collect a set of highly diverse contributions to the field of human ecology. Values represent an important and essential aspect of the intellectual organization of a society, integrated into and ordained by the over-arching cosmological system, and constituting the meaningful basis for action, in terms of concreteness and abstraction of content as well as mutability and permanence. Because of this balance, values lend themselves to the kinds of analyses of ecological relationships conducted here, those that demand a reasonable amount of specificity as well as historical stability. The contributions to Cultural Values and Human Ecology are exceedingly diverse. They include abstract theoretical discussions and specific case studies, ranging across the landscape of Southeast Asia from the islands to southern China. They deal with hunting-gathering populations as well as peasants operating within contemporary nation-states, and they are the work of natural scientists, social scientists, and humanists of Western and Asian origin. Diversity in the backgrounds of the authors contributes most to the varied approaches to the theme of this volume, because differences in cultural background and academic tradition will lead to different research interests and to differences in the empirical approaches chosen to pursue given problems.

The Ecological Transition

John W. Bennett
The Ecological Transition Book PDF

Author : John W. Bennett
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 389 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2016-06-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781483136417

Get Book

The Ecological Transition by John W. Bennett Pdf

The Ecological Transition studies the relationships between humans and the physical environment. It also assesses some converging approaches in cultural anthropology, including cultural ecology, economic anthropology, social exchange, and behavioral adaptation. Comprised of ten chapters, this book focuses on ecological transition, which refers to the process by which humans incorporate nature into society. It discusses how to formulate a policy-oriented cultural ecology and looks at the ecological transition as material evolution and as a problem of equilibrium. The succeeding chapters review some of the contributions of cultural ecology, including its successes and failures. Finally, the book examines the concept of adaptive and maladaptive actions in human ecology. This book is useful for anthropologists who are interested in cultural-ecological research and its implications in public policy.

Adaptation and Human Behavior

Napoleon Chagnon
Adaptation and Human Behavior Book PDF

Author : Napoleon Chagnon
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 580 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2017-09-08
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781351329187

Get Book

Adaptation and Human Behavior by Napoleon Chagnon Pdf

This volume presents state-of-the-art empirical studies working in a paradigm that has become known as human behavioral ecology. The emergence of this approach in anthropology was marked by publication by Aldine in 1979 of an earlier collection of studies edited by Chagnon and Irons entitled Evolutionary Biology and Human Social Behavior: An Anthropological Perspective. During the two decades that have passed since then, this innovative approach has matured and expanded into new areas that are explored here. The book opens with an introductory chapter by Chagnon and Irons tracing the origins of human behavioral ecology and its subsequent development. Subsequent chapters, written by both younger scholars and established researchers, cover a wide range of societies and topics organ-ized into six sections. The first section includes two chapters that provide historical background on the development of human behavioral ecology and com-pare it to two complementary approaches in the study of evolution and human behavior, evolutionary psychology, and dual inheritance theory. The second section includes five studies of mating efforts in a variety of societies from South America and Africa. The third section covers parenting, with five studies on soci-eties from Africa, Asia, and North America. The fourth section breaks somewhat with the tradition in human behavioral ecology by focusing on one particularly problematic issue, the demographic transition, using data from Europe, North America, and Asia. The fifth section includes studies of cooperation and helping behaviors, using data from societies in Micronesia and South America. The sixth and final section consists of a single chapter that places the volume in a broader critical and comparative context. The contributions to this volume demonstrate, with a high degree of theoretical and methodological sophistication--the maturity and freshness of this new paradigm in the study of human behavior. The volume will be of interest to anthropologists and other professions working on the study of cross-cultural human behavior.

Volcanic Activity and Human Ecology

Payson D. Sheets,Donald K. Grayson
Volcanic Activity and Human Ecology Book PDF

Author : Payson D. Sheets,Donald K. Grayson
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 662 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2013-09-24
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781483263182

Get Book

Volcanic Activity and Human Ecology by Payson D. Sheets,Donald K. Grayson Pdf

Volcanic Activity and Human Ecology deals with dating, chronology, stratigraphy, volcanic activity, and with the impacts of volcanism on animals, plants, human populations, and the environment. Some of the chapters explain how such findings must be weighed against other causes that influence human behavior and survival, such as factors of social customs, climatic change, shifting biogeographic patterns, disease, and the ability to adapt. Each of the chapters that assess the possible human response to volcanism does so by searching for multiple explanations of the archaeological record, avoiding the simple argument that people were dramatically and inevitably overcome by catastrophic geologic events. The book begins with discussions of volcanism as seen by geologists and pedologists. These include s a general overview of volcanoes and volcanism; a review of the production, dispersal, and properties of tephra and of the geologic methods used to study tephra; and the nature of volcanic soils and their economic impact. Subsequent chapters use the geologic and modern records to examine volcanoes as hazards to people. The final series of papers deals with the interrelationships between volcanism and human occupations as seen through the archaeological, paleobotanical, and paleozoological records.

The Ecology of Human Development

Urie BRONFENBRENNER
The Ecology of Human Development Book PDF

Author : Urie BRONFENBRENNER
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 349 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2009-06-30
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780674028845

Get Book

The Ecology of Human Development by Urie BRONFENBRENNER Pdf

Here is a book that challenges the very basis of the way psychologists have studied child development. According to Urie Bronfenbrenner, one of the world's foremost developmental psychologists, laboratory studies of the child's behavior sacrifice too much in order to gain experimental control and analytic rigor. Laboratory observations, he argues, too often lead to "the science of the strange behavior of children in strange situations with strange adults for the briefest possible periods of time." To understand the way children actually develop, Bronfenbrenner believes that it will be necessary to observe their behavior in natural settings, while they are interacting with familiar adults over prolonged periods of time. This book offers an important blueprint for constructing such a new and ecologically valid psychology of development. The blueprint includes a complete conceptual framework for analysing the layers of the environment that have a formative influence on the child. This framework is applied to a variety of settings in which children commonly develop, ranging from the pediatric ward to daycare, school, and various family configurations. The result is a rich set of hypotheses about the developmental consequences of various types of environments. Where current research bears on these hypotheses, Bronfenbrenner marshals the data to show how an ecological theory can be tested. Where no relevant data exist, he suggests new and interesting ecological experiments that might be undertaken to resolve current unknowns. Bronfenbrenner's groundbreaking program for reform in developmental psychology is certain to be controversial. His argument flies in the face of standard psychological procedures and challenges psychology to become more relevant to the ways in which children actually develop. It is a challenge psychology can ill-afford to ignore.

The Ecological Transition

John W. Bennett
The Ecological Transition Book PDF

Author : John W. Bennett
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 378 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2017-09-29
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781351304719

Get Book

The Ecological Transition by John W. Bennett Pdf

Written during the height of the ecology movement, The Ecological Transition is a stunning interdisciplinary work. It combines anthropology, ecology, and sociology to formulate an understanding of cultural-environmental relationships. While anthropologists have been studying relationships between humans and the physical environment for a very long time, only in the last thirty years have questions inherent in these relationships broadened beyond description and classification. For example, the concept of environment has been extended beyond the physical into the social. Although anthropologists have adopted many of the concepts that Bennett develops in the book, he also feels that the central issues have never been addressed, either by anthropologists or by people in related disciplines. The most important of these, in Bennett's opinion, is the failure to incorporate a respect for the environmental in contemporary culture, which would allow making exceptions in certain human practices in order to protect the environment. His point in The Ecological Transition is that a basic cultural change in modern civilization is necessary to achieve this end. Both a theoretical and a practical work, The Ecological Transition emphasizes the relationships between human culture, the physical environment, technology, and social policy. The Ecological Transition is a challenging volume that makes us face the consequences of human behavior in the modern world: its effect on pollution, natural resources, agriculture, the economy, and population, to name just a few areas. The book remains a significant contribution to the discourse on social, economic, and environmental problems. While the book was first published in 1976, it still reads as a contemporary tract.

Studying Human Behavior

Helen E. Longino
Studying Human Behavior Book PDF

Author : Helen E. Longino
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 263 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2013-01-18
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780226492872

Get Book

Studying Human Behavior by Helen E. Longino Pdf

In this volume, Longino enters into the complexities of human behavioural research, a domain still dominated by the age-old debate of 'nature versus nurture'. Longino focuses on how scientists study it, specifically sexual behaviour and aggression, and asks what can be known about human behaviour through empirical investigation.

Environment, Subsistence and System

R. F. Ellen
Environment Subsistence and System Book PDF

Author : R. F. Ellen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 1982-09-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0521287030

Get Book

Environment, Subsistence and System by R. F. Ellen Pdf

Human ecology is ultimately part of a general theory of society. This is the argument developed here by Roy Ellen, whose exploration of the interplay between social organization and ecology in small-scale subsistence systems has direct bearings both on the investigation of human environmental relations in general and on contemporary social theory. He argues that while ecological study of non-industrial societies cannot be elevated to the status of theory, domain or discipline, it can be represented as a single 'problematic' that historically has acquired some degree of autonomy and which continues to make a significant contribution to a wider anthropology. Dr Ellen introduces his subject matter through an extended and systematic discussion of some major frameworks developed within the last hundred years to examine and explain facets of the relationship between culture, social organization and the environment: determinism, possibilism, cultural ecology, systems theory and ideas derived from modern biology. He follows this with a detailed review and appraisal of important recent research involving the use of ecological models, methods and data. This original and innovative study of the pre-eminently social character of human ecological relations will be of considerable interest to all students and researchers concerned with understanding the nature of the relationship between human beings and their environments.

Behavioral Ecology and the Transition to Agriculture

Douglas J. Kennett,Bruce Winterhalder
Behavioral Ecology and the Transition to Agriculture Book PDF

Author : Douglas J. Kennett,Bruce Winterhalder
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 409 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2006-01-02
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780520932456

Get Book

Behavioral Ecology and the Transition to Agriculture by Douglas J. Kennett,Bruce Winterhalder Pdf

This innovative volume is the first collective effort by archaeologists and ethnographers to use concepts and models from human behavioral ecology to explore one of the most consequential transitions in human history: the origins of agriculture. Carefully balancing theory and detailed empirical study, and drawing from a series of ethnographic and archaeological case studies from eleven locations—including North and South America, Mesoamerica, Europe, the Near East, Africa, and the Pacific—the contributors to this volume examine the transition from hunting and gathering to farming and herding using a broad set of analytical models and concepts. These include diet breadth, central place foraging, ideal free distribution, discounting, risk sensitivity, population ecology, and costly signaling. An introductory chapter both charts the basics of the theory and notes areas of rapid advance in our understanding of how human subsistence systems evolve. Two concluding chapters by senior archaeologists reflect on the potential for human behavioral ecology to explain domestication and the transition from foraging to farming.