Human Rights And The Digital Divide

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Human Rights and the Digital Divide

Anne Peacock
Human Rights and the Digital Divide Book PDF

Author : Anne Peacock
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2019-06-03
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781351046770

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Human Rights and the Digital Divide by Anne Peacock Pdf

The Internet’s importance for freedom of expression and other rights comes in part from the ability it bestows on users to create and share information, rather than just receive it. Within the context of existing freedom of expression guarantees, this book critically evaluates the goal of bridging the 'digital divide' – the gap between those who have access to the Internet and those who do not. Central to this analysis is the examination of two questions: first, is there a right to access the Internet, and if so, what does that right look like and how far does it extend? Second, if there is a right to access the Internet, is there a legal obligation on States to overcome the digital divide? Through examination of this debate’s history, analysis of case law in the European Court of Human Rights and Inter-American Court of Human Rights, and a case study of one digital inclusion programme in Jalisco, Mexico, this book concludes that there is indeed currently a legal right to Internet access, but one that it is very limited in scope. The 2012 Joint Declaration on Freedom of Expression and the Internet is aspirational in nature, rather than a representative summary of current protections afforded by the international human rights legal framework. This book establishes a critical foundation from which some of these aspirations could be advanced in the future. The digital divide is not just a human rights challenge nor will it be overcome through human rights law alone. Nevertheless, human rights law could and should do more than it has thus far.

Corporations and Disability Rights

Neha Pathakji
Corporations and Disability Rights Book PDF

Author : Neha Pathakji
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2018-05-08
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780199091881

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Corporations and Disability Rights by Neha Pathakji Pdf

The emergence of a decentralized, fragmented, and low-cost Internet opened up possibilities for persons with disabilities to lead an independent and inclusive life, which had been denied to them in the physical world. The virtual world, unlike the physical world, was presumed to be devoid of physical, social, and attitudinal barriers that have historically led to the marginalization and exclusion of persons with disabilities. Yet with advancement in technology, concerns of persons with disabilities to access the Internet were relegated to the background. Since the Internet is largely dominated by corporations, this digital divide cannot be bridged without questioning their role; and corporations, as gatekeepers of the virtual world, need to proactively engage in dismantling barriers to accessing the Internet. Corporations and Disability Rights engages with the contemporary discourse on the nature of the right to access the Internet and contextualizes this right within the framework of emerging disability rights jurisprudence. This book explores the interplay between human rights of persons with disabilities and corporate obligation in a technologically advanced society. It argues that under disability rights jurisprudence, the right to access the Internet is a human right and not merely an enabling right. It bridges the existing normative and regulatory gaps for the effective realization of the right to access the Internet.

Gender Gaps and the Social Inclusion Movement in ICT

Williams, Idongesit,Millward, Olga,Layton, Roslyn
Gender Gaps and the Social Inclusion Movement in ICT Book PDF

Author : Williams, Idongesit,Millward, Olga,Layton, Roslyn
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2018-12-14
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781522570691

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Gender Gaps and the Social Inclusion Movement in ICT by Williams, Idongesit,Millward, Olga,Layton, Roslyn Pdf

Despite advancements in technological and engineering fields, there is still a digital gender divide in the adoption, use, and development of information communication technology (ICT) services. This divide is also evident in educational environments and careers, specifically in the STEM fields. In order to mitigate this divide, policy approaches must be addressed and improved in order to encourage the inclusion of women in ICT disciplines. Gender Gaps and the Social Inclusion Movement in ICT provides emerging research exploring the theoretical and practical aspects of gender and policy from developed and developing country perspectives and its applications within ICT through various forms of research including case studies. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as digital identity, human rights, and social inclusion, this book is ideally designed for policymakers, academicians, researchers, students, and technology developers seeking current research on gender inequality in ICT environments.

Human Rights in the Digital Age

Mathias Klang,Andrew Murray
Human Rights in the Digital Age Book PDF

Author : Mathias Klang,Andrew Murray
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2016-09-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781135310196

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Human Rights in the Digital Age by Mathias Klang,Andrew Murray Pdf

The digital age began in 1939 with the construction of the first digital computer. In the sixty-five years that have followed, the influence of digitisation on our everyday lives has grown steadily and today digital technology has a greater influence on our lives than at any time since its development. This book examines the role played by digital technology in both the exercise and suppression of human rights. The global digital environment has allowed us to reinterpret the concept of universal human rights. Discourse on human rights need no longer be limited by national or cultural boundaries and individuals have the ability to create new forms in which to exercise their rights or even to bypass national limitations to rights. The defence of such rights is meanwhile under constant assault by the newfound ability of states to both suppress and control individual rights through the application of these same digital technologies. This book gathers together an international group of experts working within this rapidly developing area of law and technology and focuses their attantion on the specific interaction between human rights and digital technology. This is the first work to explore the challenges brought about by digital technology to fundamental freedoms such as privacy, freedom of expression, access, assembly and dignity. It is essential reading for anyone who fears digital technology will lead to the 'Big Brother' state.

Breaking the Digital Divide

Elena Murelli
Breaking the Digital Divide Book PDF

Author : Elena Murelli
Publisher : Commonwealth Secretariat
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0850926726

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Breaking the Digital Divide by Elena Murelli Pdf

This book presents the results of an extensive study of the digital divide, the growth of the internet, online education, health informatics, the net and the economy, regulation of the internet and much more. It is well researched, informative and authoritative. Individuals, organisations and governments with a specialist interest in the transition to an information society and/or knowledge economy will find this book timely. Published with SFI Publishing.

Technology and Social Inclusion

Mark Warschauer
Technology and Social Inclusion Book PDF

Author : Mark Warschauer
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 221 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2004-09-17
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780262303699

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Technology and Social Inclusion by Mark Warschauer Pdf

Much of the discussion about new technologies and social equality has focused on the oversimplified notion of a "digital divide." Technology and Social Inclusion moves beyond the limited view of haves and have-nots to analyze the different forms of access to information and communication technologies. Drawing on theory from political science, economics, sociology, psychology, communications, education, and linguistics, the book examines the ways in which differing access to technology contributes to social and economic stratification or inclusion. The book takes a global perspective, presenting case studies from developed and developing countries, including Brazil, China, Egypt, India, and the United States. A central premise is that, in today's society, the ability to access, adapt, and create knowledge using information and communication technologies is critical to social inclusion. This focus on social inclusion shifts the discussion of the "digital divide" from gaps to be overcome by providing equipment to social development challenges to be addressed through the effective integration of technology into communities, institutions, and societies. What is most important is not so much the physical availability of computers and the Internet but rather people's ability to make use of those technologies to engage in meaningful social practices.

Resistance, Liberation Technology and Human Rights in the Digital Age

Giovanni Ziccardi
Resistance Liberation Technology and Human Rights in the Digital Age Book PDF

Author : Giovanni Ziccardi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 331 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2012-09-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789400752757

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Resistance, Liberation Technology and Human Rights in the Digital Age by Giovanni Ziccardi Pdf

This book explains strategies, techniques, legal issues and the relationships between digital resistance activities, information warfare actions, liberation technology and human rights. It studies the concept of authority in the digital era and focuses in particular on the actions of so-called digital dissidents. Moving from the difference between hacking and computer crimes, the book explains concepts of hacktivism, the information war between states, a new form of politics (such as open data movements, radical transparency, crowd sourcing and “Twitter Revolutions”), and the hacking of political systems and of state technologies. The book focuses on the protection of human rights in countries with oppressive regimes.

ICTs and Sustainable Solutions for the Digital Divide: Theory and Perspectives

Steyn, Jacques,Johanson, Graeme
ICTs and Sustainable Solutions for the Digital Divide Theory and Perspectives Book PDF

Author : Steyn, Jacques,Johanson, Graeme
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2010-09-30
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781615208005

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ICTs and Sustainable Solutions for the Digital Divide: Theory and Perspectives by Steyn, Jacques,Johanson, Graeme Pdf

ICTs and Sustainable Solutions for the Digital Divide: Theory and Perspectives focuses on Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D), which includes any technology used for communication and information. This publication researches the social side of computing, the users, and the design of systems that meet the needs of "ordinary" users.

The Digital Divide

Jan van Dijk
The Digital Divide Book PDF

Author : Jan van Dijk
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2020-01-14
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781509534463

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The Digital Divide by Jan van Dijk Pdf

Contrary to optimistic visions of a free internet for all, the problem of the ‘digital divide’ – the disparity between those with access to internet technology and those without – has persisted for close to twenty-five years. In this textbook, Jan van Dijk considers the state of digital inequality and what we can do to tackle it. Through an accessible framework based on empirical research, he explores the motivations and challenges of seeking access and the development of requisite digital skills. He addresses key questions such as: Does digital inequality reduce or reinforce existing, traditional inequalities? Does it create new, previously unknown social inequalities? While digital inequality affects all aspects of society and the problem is here to stay, Van Dijk outlines policies we can put in place to mitigate it. The Digital Divide is required reading for students and scholars of media, communication, sociology, and related disciplines, as well as for policymakers.

Virtual Inequality

Karen Mossberger,Caroline J. Tolbert,Mary Stansbury
Virtual Inequality Book PDF

Author : Karen Mossberger,Caroline J. Tolbert,Mary Stansbury
Publisher : Georgetown University Press
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2003-08-18
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1589014812

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Virtual Inequality by Karen Mossberger,Caroline J. Tolbert,Mary Stansbury Pdf

That there is a "digital divide"—which falls between those who have and can afford the latest in technological tools and those who have neither in our society—is indisputable. Virtual Inequality redefines the issue as it explores the cascades of that divide, which involve access, skill, political participation, as well as the obvious economics. Computer and Internet access are insufficient without the skill to use the technology, and economic opportunity and political participation provide primary justification for realizing that this inequality is a public problem and not simply a matter of private misfortune. Defying those who say the divide is growing smaller, this volume, based on a unique national survey that includes data from over 1800 respondents in low-income communities, shows otherwise. In addition to demonstrating why disparities persist in such areas as technological abilities, the survey also shows that the digitally disadvantaged often share many of the same beliefs as their more privileged counterparts. African-Americans, for instance, are even more positive in their attitudes toward technology than whites are in many respects, contrary to conventional wisdom. The rigorous research on which the conclusions are based is presented accessibly and in an easy-to-follow manner. Not content with analysis alone, nor the untangling of the complexities of policymaking, Virtual Inequality views the digital divide compassionately in its human dimensions and recommends a set of practical and common-sense policy strategies. Inequality, even in a virtual form this book reminds us, is unacceptable and a situation that society is compelled to address.

Resistance, Liberation Technology and Human Rights in the Digital Age

Giovanni Ziccardi
Resistance Liberation Technology and Human Rights in the Digital Age Book PDF

Author : Giovanni Ziccardi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 331 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2012-09-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789400752764

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Resistance, Liberation Technology and Human Rights in the Digital Age by Giovanni Ziccardi Pdf

This book explains strategies, techniques, legal issues and the relationships between digital resistance activities, information warfare actions, liberation technology and human rights. It studies the concept of authority in the digital era and focuses in particular on the actions of so-called digital dissidents. Moving from the difference between hacking and computer crimes, the book explains concepts of hacktivism, the information war between states, a new form of politics (such as open data movements, radical transparency, crowd sourcing and “Twitter Revolutions”), and the hacking of political systems and of state technologies. The book focuses on the protection of human rights in countries with oppressive regimes.

Disability, Human Rights, and Information Technology

Jonathan Lazar,Michael Ashley Stein
Disability Human Rights and Information Technology Book PDF

Author : Jonathan Lazar,Michael Ashley Stein
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2017-06-22
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780812249231

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Disability, Human Rights, and Information Technology by Jonathan Lazar,Michael Ashley Stein Pdf

Disability, Human Rights, and Information Technology addresses the global issue of equal access to information and communications technology (ICT) by persons with disabilities. The right to access the same digital content at the same time and at the same cost as people without disabilities is implicit in several human rights instruments and is featured prominently in Articles 9 and 21 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The right to access ICT, moreover, invokes complementary civil and human rights issues: freedom of expression; freedom to information; political participation; civic engagement; inclusive education; the right to access the highest level of scientific and technological information; and participation in social and cultural opportunities. Despite the ready availability and minimal cost of technology to enable people with disabilities to access ICT on an equal footing as consumers without disabilities, prevailing practice around the globe continues to result in their exclusion. Questions and complexities may also arise where technologies advance ahead of existing laws and policies, where legal norms are established but not yet implemented, or where legal rights are defined but clear technical implementations are not yet established. At the intersection of human-computer interaction, disability rights, civil rights, human rights, international development, and public policy, the volume's contributors examine crucial yet underexplored areas, including technology access for people with cognitive impairments, public financing of information technology, accessibility and e-learning, and human rights and social inclusion. Contributors: John Bertot, Peter Blanck, Judy Brewer, Joyram Chakraborty, Tim Elder, Jim Fruchterman, G. Anthony Giannoumis, Paul Jaeger, Sanjay Jain, Deborah Kaplan, Raja Kushalnagar, Jonathan Lazar, Fredric I. Lederer, Janet E. Lord, Ravi Malhotra, Jorge Manhique, Mirriam Nthenge, Joyojeet Pal, Megan A. Rusciano, David Sloan, Michael Ashley Stein, Brian Wentz, Marco Winckler, Mary J. Ziegler.

The Third Digital Divide

Massimo Ragnedda
The Third Digital Divide Book PDF

Author : Massimo Ragnedda
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2017-02-17
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317064336

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The Third Digital Divide by Massimo Ragnedda Pdf

Drawing on the thought of Max Weber, in particular his theory of stratification, this book engages with the question of whether the digital divide simply extends traditional forms of inequality, or whether it also includes new forms of social exclusion, or perhaps manifests counter-trends that alleviate traditional inequalities whilst constituting new modalities of inequality. With attention to the manner in which social stratification in the digital age is reproduced and transformed online, the author develops an account of stratification as it exists in the digital sphere, advancing the position that, just as in the social sphere, inequalities in the online world go beyond the economic elements of inequality. As such, study of the digital divide should focus not simply on class dynamics or economic matters, but cultural aspects - such as status or prestige - and political aspects - such as group affiliations. Demonstrating the enduring relevance of Weber’s distinctions with regard to social inequality, The Third Digital Divide: A Weberian approach to rethinking digital inequalities explores the ways in which online activities and digital skills vary according to crucial sociological dimensions, explaining these in concrete terms in relation to the dynamics of social class, social status and power. As such, it will be of interest to social scientists with interests in sociological theory, the sociology of science and technology, and inequality and the digital divide.

International Economic Law and the Digital Divide

Rohan Kariyawasam
International Economic Law and the Digital Divide Book PDF

Author : Rohan Kariyawasam
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 414 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2008-01-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781847205452

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International Economic Law and the Digital Divide by Rohan Kariyawasam Pdf

In this well researched book, the author explains the digital divide and its repercussions for developed and developing nations. In his view, the overzealous disciplining at the WTO-level of instruments affecting trade notwithstanding, developing countries still have important tools in their hands (intellectual property protection, competition policies, tax regimes) that can help them attract foreign direct investment, a crucial ingredient in reducing the current divide. Borrowing from the institutions that we have seen developed in international economic relations is highly recommended as well. In short, whether the divide will continue to persist or, conversely, whether it will gradually become a historical feature of international relations critically depends on the political will on both sides (of the divide). The author makes a persuasive argument to support his thesis, empirically researched and with strong foundations in theory. Petros C. Mavroidis, Columbia Law School, US and University of Neuch'tel, Switzerland This path-breaking book focuses on the WTO, e-commerce and information communications technologies. It sheds light on how international economic law can be used as a tool in the application of technological processes to facilitate development in developing countries. Rohan Kariyawasam begins by looking predominantly at the rise of international digital networks. He offers an introduction to the networks used in the delivery of electronic products and network-based transactions, and the application of WTO law to the sector. He then suggests how developing countries can use economic law and technology to tap digital markets in the developed world. The book also argues that the advance of basic living standards in some developing countries can be achieved through technological processes, but that this cannot happen without such states paying greater attention to the enforcement of economic, social and cultural rights at home. Picking up the property rights debate (including through bilateral trade), the author argues that ensuring beneficial technology transfer will require balancing foreign investor rights to protect intellectual property. It will also involve restrictions imposed by competition law and WTO surveillance to check the possible misuse of market power by multinational companies. The proposed mixture of measures should, he argues, provide incentives for Foreign Direct Investment. Providing a thorough review of the application of WTO law to the telecommunications sector and the regulation of international digital networks, this book will be of great interest to postgraduate students in international economic law and international development law, as well as those interested in human rights law and technology. It will also appeal to government regulators, NGOs and technologists interested in ICTs and development.

Digital Divide

Pippa Norris
Digital Divide Book PDF

Author : Pippa Norris
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2001-09-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0521002230

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Digital Divide by Pippa Norris Pdf

There is widespread concern that the Internet is exacerbating inequalities between the information rich and poor.