Hypothetical Thinking

Author : Jonathan St B. T. Evans
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2019-12-09
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781000768688

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Hypothetical Thinking by Jonathan St B. T. Evans Pdf

Hypothetical thought involves the imagination of possibilities and the exploration of their consequences by a process of mental simulation. In this Classic Edition, Jonathan St B. T. Evans presents his pioneering hypothetical thinking theory; an integrated theoretical account of a wide range of psychological studies on hypothesis testing, reasoning, judgement and decision making. Hypothetical thinking theory is built on three key principles and implemented in a version of Evans' well-known heuristic–analytic theory of reasoning. The central claim of this book is that this theory can provide an integrated account of apparently diverse phenomena including confirmation bias in hypothesis testing, acceptance of fallacies in deductive reasoning, belief biases in reasoning and judgement, biases of statistical judgement and numerous characteristic findings in the study of decision making. Featuring a reflective and insightful new introduction to the book, this Classic Edition discusses contemporary theory on cognitive biases, human rationality and dual-process theories of higher cognition. It will be of great interest to researchers, post graduates as well as advanced undergraduate students.

Author : Jonathan St. B. T. Evans
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2007-08-07
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781135419523

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Hypothetical Thinking by Jonathan St. B. T. Evans Pdf

Hypothetical thought involves the imagination of possibilities and the exploration of their consequences by a process of mental simulation. In this Classic Edition, Jonathan St B T Evans’ presents his pioneering Hypothetical Thinking Theory; an integrated theoretical account of a wide range of psychological studies on hypothesis testing, reasoning, judgement and decision making. Hypothetical Thinking Theory is built on three key principles and implemented in a version of Evans' well-known heuristic–analytic theory of reasoning. The central claim of this book is that this theory can provide an integrated account of apparently diverse phenomena including confirmation bias in hypothesis testing, acceptance of fallacies in deductive reasoning, belief biases in reasoning and judgement, biases of statistical judgement and numerous characteristic findings in the study of decision making. Featuring a reflective and insightful new introduction to the book, this classic edition discusses contemporary theory on cognitive biases, human rationality and dual-process theories of higher cognition. It will be of great interest to researchers, post graduates as well as advanced undergraduate students.

Author : Jonathan St B. T. Evans
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 223 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2019-12-09
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781000768602

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Hypothetical Thinking by Jonathan St B. T. Evans Pdf

Hypothetical thought involves the imagination of possibilities and the exploration of their consequences by a process of mental simulation. In this Classic Edition, Jonathan St B. T. Evans presents his pioneering hypothetical thinking theory; an integrated theoretical account of a wide range of psychological studies on hypothesis testing, reasoning, judgement and decision making. Hypothetical thinking theory is built on three key principles and implemented in a version of Evans' well-known heuristic–analytic theory of reasoning. The central claim of this book is that this theory can provide an integrated account of apparently diverse phenomena including confirmation bias in hypothesis testing, acceptance of fallacies in deductive reasoning, belief biases in reasoning and judgement, biases of statistical judgement and numerous characteristic findings in the study of decision making. Featuring a reflective and insightful new introduction to the book, this Classic Edition discusses contemporary theory on cognitive biases, human rationality and dual-process theories of higher cognition. It will be of great interest to researchers, post graduates as well as advanced undergraduate students.

Author : Michael Charles Tobias,Jane Gray Morrison
Publisher : Springer
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2019-03-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030113193

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The Hypothetical Species by Michael Charles Tobias,Jane Gray Morrison Pdf

This book is a provocative and invigorating real-time exploration of the future of human evolution by two of the world’s leading interdisciplinary ecologists – Michael Charles Tobias and Jane Gray Morrison. Steeped in a rich multitude of the sciences and humanities, the book enshrines an elegant narrative that is highly empathetic, personal, scientifically wide-ranging and original. It focuses on the geo-positioning of the human Self and its corresponding species. The book's overarching viewpoints and poignant through-story examine and powerfully challenge concepts associated historically with assertions of human superiority over all other life forms. Ultimately, The Hypothetical Species: Variables of Human Evolution is a deeply considered treatise on the ecological and psychological state of humanity and her options – both within, and outside the rubrics of evolutionary research – for survival. This important work is beautifully presented with nearly 200 diverse illustrations, and is introduced with a foreword by famed paleobiologist, Dr. Melanie DeVore.

Author : Ash Gobar
Publisher : Springer
Page : 425 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9789401508131

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Philosophic Foundations of Genetic Psychology and Gestalt Psychology by Ash Gobar Pdf

XVI Psychologists have, however, shown that what we are primarily aware of is not a succession of sense-data but figures-ground phenomena: Wittgenstein's ambiguous duck-rabbit is merely one such example. They have also drawn our attention to the existence of tertiary qualities in perception, such as 'symmetry' and 'elegance' which are just as directly given as are the perceived colours red, green or yellow. It is interesting to note that Merleau-Ponty has made considerable use of Gestalt ideas in his Phenomenology of Perception. One of the commonest reasons given by linguistic philosophers for not making direct use of the results of psychological research (although philosophers are usually willing to accept the first-hand results of physical science) is that philosophical accounts of perception and thinking are concerned with analysing the language in which these reports are made; that is to say, they are second-order enquiries. Often this approach is still more restricted and ordinary linguistic usage is taken as the yardstick against which questions relating to thought and perception are to be measured. The task of the philosopher is then con fined to the analysis of ordinary language. If he is more adventurous, as some writers on philosophical psychology are, he might go on to show how far the language used by psychological researchers falls short of the paradigms of common sense.

Author : Renuka Vithal
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Education
ISBN : 9789401000864

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In Search of a Pedagogy of Conflict and Dialogue for Mathematics Education by Renuka Vithal Pdf

This book is of interest to mathematics educators, researchers in mathematics education, gender, social justice, equity and democracy in education; and practitioners/teachers interested in the use of project work in mathematics teaching and learning. The book builds theoretical ideas from a careful substantial description of practice, in the attempt to improve both theory and practice in mathematics education. It thus interrogates and develops theoretical research tools for mathematics education and provides ideas for practice in mathematics classrooms.

Author : Keith Stanovich
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2010-11-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780199712397

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Rationality and the Reflective Mind by Keith Stanovich Pdf

In Rationality and the Reflective Mind, Keith Stanovich attempts to resolve the Great Rationality Debate in cognitive science--the debate about how much irrationality to ascribe to human cognition. He shows how the insights of dual-process theory and evolutionary psychology can be combined to explain why humans are sometimes irrational even though they possess remarkably adaptive cognitive machinery. Stanovich argues that to fully characterize differences in rational thinking, we need to replace dual-process theories with tripartite models of cognition. Using a unique individual differences approach, he shows that the traditional second system (System 2) of dual-process theory must be further divided into the reflective mind and the algorithmic mind. Distinguishing them will allow us to better appreciate the significant differences in their key functions: The key function of the reflective mind is to detect the need to interrupt autonomous processing and to begin simulation activities, whereas that of the algorithmic mind is to sustain the processing of decoupled secondary representations in cognitive simulation. Stanovich then uses this algorithmic/reflective distinction to develop a taxonomy of cognitive errors made on tasks in the heuristics and biases literature. He presents the empirical data to show that the tendency to make these thinking errors is not highly related to intelligence. Using his tripartite model of cognition, Stanovich shows how, when both are properly defined, rationality is a more encompassing construct than intelligence, and that IQ tests fail to assess individual differences in rational thought. He then goes on to discuss the types of thinking processes that would be measured if rational thinking were to be assessed as IQ has been.

Author : Robert Fisher
Publisher : A&C Black
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2013-10-10
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781780937502

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Teaching Thinking by Robert Fisher Pdf

This fully updated fourth edition of the highly successful guide, Teaching Thinking, explores how to use discussion in the classroom to develop children's thinking, learning and literacy skills. This new edition includes material on the latest trends in teaching thinking, including philosophy for children, dialogic teaching and education for citizenship. The book will help readers from different cultural traditions to critically engage with teaching thinking in schools and other educational contexts. Teaching Thinking is essential reading for anyone seeking to develop children's thinking, build their self-esteem and improve the quality of teaching and learning.

Author : Meixia Ding
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2021-04-08
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781000370386

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Teaching Early Algebra through Example-Based Problem Solving by Meixia Ding Pdf

Drawing on rich classroom observations of educators teaching in China and the U.S., this book details an innovative and effective approach to teaching algebra at the elementary level, namely, "teaching through example-based problem solving" (TEPS). Recognizing young children’s particular cognitive and developmental capabilities, this book powerfully argues for the importance of infusing algebraic thinking into early grade mathematics teaching and illustrates how this has been achieved by teachers in U.S. and Chinese contexts. Documenting best practice and students’ responses to example-based instruction, the text demonstrates that this TEPS approach – which involves the use of worked examples, representations, and deep questions – helps students learn and master fundamental mathematical ideas, making it highly effective in developing algebraic readiness and mathematical understanding. This text will benefit post-graduate students, researchers, and academics in the fields of mathematics, STEM, and elementary education, as well as algebra research more broadly. Those interested in teacher education, classroom practice, and developmental and cognitive psychology will also find this volume of interest.

Author : Aidan Feeney,Valerie A. Thompson
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 227 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2014-10-03
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317820123

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Reasoning as Memory by Aidan Feeney,Valerie A. Thompson Pdf

There is a growing acknowledgement of the importance of integrating the study of reasoning with other areas of cognitive psychology. The purpose of this volume is to examine the extent to which we can further our understanding of reasoning by integrating findings, theories and paradigms in the field of memory. Reasoning as Memory consists of nine chapters that make explicit links between basic memory process, and reasoning and decision-making. The contributors address a number of key topics including: the relationship between semantic memory and reasoning the role of expert memory in reasoning recognition memory and induction working memory and reasoning metamemory in reasoning. In addition, the chapters provide broad coverage of the field of thinking, and invite the intriguing question of how much there is left to explain in the field of reasoning when one has extracted the variance due to memory. This book will be of great interest to advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers interested in reasoning or decision making, and to researchers interested in the role played in cognition by a variety of memory processes.

Author : Noah Knowles Davis
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 474 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1880
Category : Logic
ISBN : HARVARD:32044084627041

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The Theory of Thought by Noah Knowles Davis Pdf

Author : John Cook Wilson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 604 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 1926
Category : Logic
ISBN : UOM:39015058688048

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Statement and Inference, with Other Philosophical Papers by John Cook Wilson Pdf

Author : Dr. Mardy Grothe
Publisher : Harper Collins
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2009-08-25
Category : Reference
ISBN : 9780061959585

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Ifferisms by Dr. Mardy Grothe Pdf

Perfect for linguaphiles and lovers of quotes, Ifferisms is a lively compendium of wit, wisdom, and wordplay from Dr. Mardy Grothe, author of I Never Metaphor I Didn’t Like, Viva La Repartee, and Oxymoronica. A collection of aphorisms—pithy observations that communicate some kind of truth about the human experience—Ifferisms contains those that begin with “if.” From “If life hands you lemons, make lemonade” to “If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it,” the sayings in Ifferisms demonstrate how hypothetical thinking helps people contemplate their lives.

Author : Arkadiusz Chrudzimski,Wolfgang Huemer
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2013-05-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110332841

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Phenomenology & Analysis by Arkadiusz Chrudzimski,Wolfgang Huemer Pdf

The history of twentieth century philosophy is characterized by the gap between analytic and continental philosophy - even though both have their roots in a tradition referred to as "Austrian" or "Central-European" philosophy. The essays in this volume show in historical and systematic studies, how a reassessment of this "Central-European" tradition can build an interesting bridge between phenomenology and analytic philosophy and, thus, create a new foundation that allows for an original perspective on central problems of philosophy

Author : Norma Haan
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2013-09-11
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781483263274

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Coping and Defending by Norma Haan Pdf

Coping and Defending: Processes of Self-Environment Organization investigates coping and defending within the context of personal-social psychology, with emphasis on processes of self-environment organization. Topics range from ego and stress to personality theory, family, and child rearing. Comprised of 13 chapters, this book begins with a discussion on theories and conceptualizations of ego, paying particular attention to its logical constraints as state; the neomechanical personal man; rational choice; and continuity and discontinuity in states. Subsequent chapters explore coping, defense, and fragmentation as ego processes; immanent value in personality theory; problems and perspectives in investigating ego processes; and the interregulation between structures and ego processes. The next section is largely devoted to empirically based findings concerning the development of ego processing; the link between stress and processing; and processing in families. The final chapter describes research aimed at developing and improving coping and defense scales based on personality inventories. This monograph will be of interest to developmentalists, cognitivists, personologists, clinicians, and social psychologists, as well as sociologists and perhaps anthropologists.