Ice Accretions And Icing Effects For Modern Airfoils

Author : Harold E. Addy
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Aerofoils
ISBN : UCBK:C101374349

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Ice Accretions and Icing Effects for Modern Airfoils by Harold E. Addy Pdf

Icing tests were conducted to document ice shapes formed on three different two-dimensional airfoils and to study the effects of the accreted ice on aerodynamic performance. The models tested were representative of airfoil designs in current use for each of the commercial transport, business jet, and general aviation categories of aircraft. The models were subjected to a range of icing conditions in an icing wind tunnel. The conditions were selected primarily from the Federal Aviation Administration's Federal Aviation Regulations 25 Appendix C atmospheric icing conditions. A few large droplet icing conditions were included. To verify the aerodynamic performance measurements, molds were made of selected ice shapes formed in the icing tunnel. Castings of the ice were made from the molds and placed on a model in a dry, low-turbulence wind tunnel where precision aerodynamic performance measurements were made. Documentation of all the ice shapes and the aerodynamic performance measurements made during the icing tunnel tests is included in this report. Results from the dry, low-turbulence wind tunnel tests are also presented.

Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2018-06-27
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1721934103

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Ice Accretions and Icing Effects for Modern Airfoils by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Pdf

Icing tests were conducted to document ice shapes formed on three different two-dimensional airfoils and to study the effects of the accreted ice on aerodynamic performance. The models tested were representative of airfoil designs in current use for each of the commercial transport, business jet, and general aviation categories of aircraft. The models were subjected to a range of icing conditions in an icing wind tunnel. The conditions were selected primarily from the Federal Aviation Administration's Federal Aviation Regulations 25 Appendix C atmospheric icing conditions. A few large droplet icing conditions were included. To verify the aerodynamic performance measurements, molds were made of selected ice shapes formed in the icing tunnel. Castings of the ice were made from the molds and placed on a model in a dry, low-turbulence wind tunnel where precision aerodynamic performance measurements were made. Documentation of all the ice shapes and the aerodynamic performance measurements made during the icing tunnel tests is included in this report. Results from the dry, low-turbulence wind tunnel tests are also presented. Addy, Harold E., Jr. Glenn Research Center RTOP 548-21-23

Author : Harold E. Addy
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Aerofoils
ISBN : NASA:31769000451271

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Ice Accretions and Icing Effects for Modern Airfoils by Harold E. Addy Pdf

Icing tests were conducted to document ice shapes formed on three different two-dimensional airfoils and to study the effects of the accreted ice on aerodynamic performance. The models tested were representative of airfoil designs in current use for each of the commercial transport, business jet, and general aviation categories of aircraft. The models were subjected to a range of icing conditions in an icing wind tunnel. The conditions were selected primarily from the Federal Aviation Administration's Federal Aviation Regulations 25 Appendix C atmospheric icing conditions. A few large droplet icing conditions were included. To verify the aerodynamic performance measurements, molds were made of selected ice shapes formed in the icing tunnel. Castings of the ice were made from the molds and placed on a model in a dry, low-turbulence wind tunnel where precision aerodynamic performance measurements were made. Documentation of all the ice shapes and the aerodynamic performance measurements made during the icing tunnel tests is included in this report. Results from the dry, low-turbulence wind tunnel tests are also presented.

Author : Robert J Flemming
Publisher : SAE International
Page : 122 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2015-04-16
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780768081206

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Ice Accretion and Icing Technology by Robert J Flemming Pdf

The effects of inflight atmospheric icing can be devastating to aircraft. Universities and industry have been hard at work to respond to the challenge of maintaining flight safety in all weather conditions. Proposed changes in the regulations for operation in icing conditions are sure to keep this type of research and development at its highest level. This is especially true for the effects of ice crystals in the atmosphere, and for the threat associated with supercooled large drop (SLD) icing. This collection of ten SAE International technical papers brings together vital contributions to the subject. Icing on aircraft surfaces would not be a problem if a material were discovered that prevented the freezing and accretion of supercooled drops. Many options that appeared to have promising icephobic properties have had serious shortfalls in durability. This title addresses, among other topics, the measurement techniques and the drop physics that apply to icing, certification for flight through ice crystal clouds and in supercooled large drops, improvements in predictive techniques, scaling methods, test facilities and techniques, and rotorcraft icing.

Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 26 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2018-07-13
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1722863323

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The Effects of the Critical Ice Accretion on Airfoil and Wing Performance by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Pdf

In support of the NASA Lewis Modern Airfoils Ice Accretion Test Program, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign provided expertise in airfoil design and aerodynamic analysis to determine the aerodynamic effect of ice accretion on modern airfoil sections. The effort has concentrated on establishing a design/testing methodology for "hybrid airfoils" or "sub-scale airfoils," that is, airfoils having a full-scale leading edge together with a specially designed and foreshortened aft section. The basic approach of using a full-scale leading edge with a foreshortened aft section was considered to a limited extent over 40 years ago. However, it was believed that the range of application of the method had not been fully exploited. Thus a systematic study was being undertaken to investigate and explore the range of application of the method so as to determine its overall potential. Selig, Michael S. and Bragg, Michael B. and Saeed, Farooq Glenn Research Center NCC3-408; NCC3-509...

Author : Harold E. Addy
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Aerofoils
ISBN : NASA:31769000451271

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Ice Accretions and Icing Effects for Modern Airfoils by Harold E. Addy Pdf

Icing tests were conducted to document ice shapes formed on three different two-dimensional airfoils and to study the effects of the accreted ice on aerodynamic performance. The models tested were representative of airfoil designs in current use for each of the commercial transport, business jet, and general aviation categories of aircraft. The models were subjected to a range of icing conditions in an icing wind tunnel. The conditions were selected primarily from the Federal Aviation Administration's Federal Aviation Regulations 25 Appendix C atmospheric icing conditions. A few large droplet icing conditions were included. To verify the aerodynamic performance measurements, molds were made of selected ice shapes formed in the icing tunnel. Castings of the ice were made from the molds and placed on a model in a dry, low-turbulence wind tunnel where precision aerodynamic performance measurements were made. Documentation of all the ice shapes and the aerodynamic performance measurements made during the icing tunnel tests is included in this report. Results from the dry, low-turbulence wind tunnel tests are also presented.

Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2018-06-20
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1721570292

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A Wind Tunnel Study of Icing Effects on a Business Jet Airfoil by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Pdf

Aerodynamic wind tunnel tests were conducted to study the effects of various ice accretions on the aerodynamic performance of a 36-inch chord, two-dimensional business jet airfoil. Eight different ice shape configurations were tested. Four were castings made from molds of ice shapes accreted in an icing wind tunnel. Two were made using computationally smoothed tracings of two of the ice shapes accreted in the icing tunnel. These smoothed profiles were then extended in the spanwise direction to form a two-dimensional ice shape. The final two configurations were formed by applying grit to the smoothed ice shapes. The ice shapes resulted in as much as 48% reduction in maximum lift coefficient from that of the clean airfoil. Large increases in drag and changes in pitching moment were also observed. The castings and their corresponding smoothed counterparts yielded similar results. Little change in performance was observed with the addition of grit to the smoothed ice shapes. Changes in the Reynolds number (from 3 x 10(exp 6) to 10.5 x 10(exp 6) and Mach number (from 0.12 to 0.28) did not significantly affect the iced-airfoil performance coefficients. Addy, Harold E., Jr. and Broeren, Andy P. and Zoeckler, Joesph G. and Lee, Sam Glenn Research Center NASA/TM-2003-212124, NAS 1.15:212124, E-13776, AIAA Paper 2003-0727

Author : Robert J Flemming
Publisher : SAE International
Page : 122 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2015-04-16
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780768081893

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Ice Accretion and Icing Technology by Robert J Flemming Pdf

The effects of inflight atmospheric icing can be devastating to aircraft. Universities and industry have been hard at work to respond to the challenge of maintaining flight safety in all weather conditions. Proposed changes in the regulations for operation in icing conditions are sure to keep this type of research and development at its highest level. This is especially true for the effects of ice crystals in the atmosphere, and for the threat associated with supercooled large drop (SLD) icing. This collection of ten SAE International technical papers brings together vital contributions to the subject. Icing on aircraft surfaces would not be a problem if a material were discovered that prevented the freezing and accretion of supercooled drops. Many options that appeared to have promising icephobic properties have had serious shortfalls in durability. This title addresses, among other topics, the measurement techniques and the drop physics that apply to icing, certification for flight through ice crystal clouds and in supercooled large drops, improvements in predictive techniques, scaling methods, test facilities and techniques, and rotorcraft icing.

Author : Wagdi George Habashi
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 1278 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2024-01-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783031338458

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Handbook of Numerical Simulation of In-Flight Icing by Wagdi George Habashi Pdf

This Handbook of Numerical Simulation of In-Flight Icing covers an array of methodologies and technologies on numerical simulation of in-flight icing and its applications. Comprised of contributions from internationally recognized experts from the Americas, Asia, and the EU, this authoritative, self-contained reference includes best practices and specification data spanning the gamut of simulation tools available internationally that can be used to speed up the certification of aircraft and make them safer to fly into known icing. The collection features nine sections concentrating on aircraft, rotorcraft, jet engines, UAVs; ice protection systems, including hot-air, electrothermal, and others; sensors and probes, CFD in the aid of testing, flight simulators, and certification process acceleration methods. Incorporating perspectives from academia, commercial, government R&D, the book is ideal for a range of engineers and scientists concerned with in-flight icing applications.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1064 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Aeronautics
ISBN : UCSD:31822036341212

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NASA's Contributions to Aeronautics: Flight environment, operations, flight testing, and research by Anonim Pdf

Two-volume collection of case studies on aspects of NACA-NASA research by noted engineers, airmen, historians, museum curators, journalists, and independent scholars. Explores various aspects of how NACA-NASA research took aeronautics from the subsonic to the hypersonic era.-publisher description.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1066 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Electronic
ISBN : STANFORD:36105050567168

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NASA's Contributions to Aeronautics, Volume 2, Flight Environment ..., NASA/SP-2010-570-Vol 2, 2010, * by Anonim Pdf

Author : William M. Leary
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Science
ISBN : NASA:31769000641343

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We Freeze to Please by William M. Leary Pdf

This is the story of a unique facility that has made unparalleled contributions to a specialized area of aeronautics research that affects virtually all who fly.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Electronic
ISBN : NASA:31769000648744

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A Wind Tunnel Study of Icing Effects on a Business Jet Airfoil by Anonim Pdf

Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2018-07-24
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1723574651

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Experimental Ice Shape and Performance Characteristics for a Multi-Element Airfoil in the NASA Lewis Icing Research Tunnel by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Pdf

A study of the ice accretion patterns and performance of characteristics of a multi-element airfoil was undertaken at the NASA-Lewis Icing Research Tunnel. Several configurations were examined to determine the ice shape and performance characteristics. The testing included glaze, rime, and mixed icing regimes. Tunnel cloud conditions were set to correspond to those typical of the operating environment for commercial transport aircraft. Measurements acquired included ice profile tracings and aerodynamic forces both during the accretion process and in a post-accretion evaluation over a range of angle of attack. Substantial ice accretions developed on the main wing, flaps, and slat surfaces. Force measurements indicate severe performance degradation, especially near CL max, for both light and heavy ice accretion. Frost was seen on the lower surface of the airfoil which was found to contribute significantly to the force components. Berkowitz, Brian M. and Potapczuk, Mark G. and Namdar, Bahman S. and Langhals, Tammy J. Glenn Research Center NASA-TM-105380, E-6767, NAS 1.15:105380 NAS3-25266; RTOP 505-68-10...

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 20 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Electronic
ISBN : NASA:31769000614746

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Modern Airfoil Ice Accretions by Anonim Pdf