Ice Age Extinction

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Ice Age Extinction

Author : Jim Snook
Publisher : Algora Publishing
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780875865591

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Ice Age Extinction by Jim Snook Pdf

The author explores the causes of Earth's cyclical temperature changes and shows how those temperature shifts touch off a chain of events in the atmosphere, in the oceans and on land. Cold temperature was the trigger; and the resultant reduction in carbon dioxide, he argues, was the bullet that killed off so many species. The re-warming released more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and fueled a resurgence. This book provides significant long term background information to put global warming into perspective. In addition, the author describes the human responses to increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide after the last ice age and in the last 150 years. Near the end of the last ice age, atmospheric carbon dioxide was about half of what it is today. Due to the lack of carbon dioxide, most of the vegetation disappeared from the middle and high latitudes. Without plants to eat, many large animals became extinct; North America lost three-fourths of its large animals including the woolly mammoth, mastodon and saber tooth cat. Humans, too, had little to eat in these areas and their population declined dramatically. The book then explains how and why atmospheric carbon dioxide increased by about 50% after the last ice age ended, encouraging a population explosion among plants, animals and humans, all of which then migrated into many previously barren areas. More recently, the 28% increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide in the last 150 years has caused a six-fold increase in the human population. Changes in the next 300 years will reverse some of the current trends. This book has value for anyone interested in the ice age extinction; glaciers; the glacial cycle; the atmosphere and oceans and the past and future of plants, animals and humans. It provides long-term information on atmospheric carbon dioxide, global warming and cooling.

Twilight of the Mammoths

Author : Paul S. Martin
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2007-05-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780520252431

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Twilight of the Mammoths by Paul S. Martin Pdf

"Paul S. Martin's innovative ideas on late quaternary extinctions and wildlife restoration have fueled one of science's most stimulating recent debates. He expounds them vividly here, and defends them eloquently. A must-read."—David Rains Wallace, author of Beasts of Eden "This is a marvelous read, by a giant in American prehistory, about one of the greatest mysteries in the earth sciences."—Tim Flannery, author of The Eternal Frontier "Whether or not you agree with Paul Martin, he has shaped how we think about our Pleistocene ancestors and their role in transforming this planet."—Ross D. E. MacPhee, Curator of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History

Once and Future Giants

Author : Sharon Levy
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 275 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2011-03-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780199831548

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Once and Future Giants by Sharon Levy Pdf

Until about 13,000 years ago, North America was home to a menagerie of massive mammals. Mammoths, camels, and lions walked the ground that has become Wilshire Boulevard in Los Angeles and foraged on the marsh land now buried beneath Chicago's streets. Then, just as the first humans reached the Americas, these Ice Age giants vanished forever. In Once and Future Giants, science writer Sharon Levy digs through the evidence surrounding Pleistocene large animal ("megafauna") extinction events worldwide, showing that understanding this history--and our part in it--is crucial for protecting the elephants, polar bears, and other great creatures at risk today. These surviving relatives of the Ice Age beasts now face the threat of another great die-off, as our species usurps the planet's last wild places while driving a warming trend more extreme than any in mammalian history. Deftly navigating competing theories and emerging evidence, Once and Future Giants examines the extent of human influence on megafauna extinctions past and present, and explores innovative conservation efforts around the globe. The key to modern-day conservation, Levy suggests, may lie fossilized right under our feet.

The Call of Distant Mammoths

Author : Peter D. Ward
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461219460

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The Call of Distant Mammoths by Peter D. Ward Pdf

To help us understand what happened during the Ice Age, Peter Ward takes us on a tour of other mass extinctions through earth's history. He presents a compelling account of the great comet crash that killed off the dinosaurs, and describes other extinctions that were even more extensive. In so doing, he introduces us to a profound paradigm shift now taking place in paleontology: rather than arising from the gradual workings of everyday forces, all mass extinctions are due to unique, catastrophic events. Written with an irresistible combination of passion and expertise, The Call of Distant Mammoths is an engaging exploration of the history of life and the importance of humanity as an evolutionary force. "Carefully argued...an intelligent and compelling book."-THE OLYMPIAN, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON "Ward deftly summarizes a large body of scientific literature, simplifying complex ideas for the general reader without condescension."-PUBLISHERS WEEKLY "Did the overkill really happen?...Peter Ward deftly summarizes the arguments...Ward tells (the story) well."-THE NEW SCIENTIST

End of the Megafauna: The Fate of the World's Hugest, Fiercest, and Strangest Animals

Author : Ross D E MacPhee
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
Page : 144 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2018-11-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780393249309

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End of the Megafauna: The Fate of the World's Hugest, Fiercest, and Strangest Animals by Ross D E MacPhee Pdf

The fascinating lives and puzzling demise of some of the largest animals on earth. Until a few thousand years ago, creatures that could have been from a sci-fi thriller—including gorilla-sized lemurs, 500-pound birds, and crocodiles that weighed a ton or more—roamed the earth. These great beasts, or “megafauna,” lived on every habitable continent and on many islands. With a handful of exceptions, all are now gone. What caused the disappearance of these prehistoric behemoths? No one event can be pinpointed as a specific cause, but several factors may have played a role. Paleomammalogist Ross D. E. MacPhee explores them all, examining the leading extinction theories, weighing the evidence, and presenting his own conclusions. He shows how theories of human overhunting and catastrophic climate change fail to account for critical features of these extinctions, and how new thinking is needed to elucidate these mysterious losses. Along the way, we learn how time is determined in earth history; how DNA is used to explain the genomics and phylogenetic history of megafauna—and how synthetic biology and genetic engineering may be able to reintroduce these giants of the past. Until then, gorgeous four-color illustrations by Peter Schouten re-create these megabeasts here in vivid detail.

Ice Age Extinctions, a New Theory

Author : John Stojanowski
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2016-02-23
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0981922155

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Ice Age Extinctions, a New Theory by John Stojanowski Pdf

For at least the past century scientists have been trying to explain the extinction of megafauna during the past Ice Ages. Mammoths, mastodons, giant ground sloths, cave bears and many other mammals disappeared throughout the Pleistocene Epoch. The last of these giant animals became extinct around 10-12 thousand years ago. Human hunting and climate change are the competing extinction hypotheses but neither has consistently emerged as the dominant explanation. Is there a third contender that is better able to explain the extinctions? Yes there is and this book describes the theory that not only can explain the megafauna extinctions but the extinctions of the Neanderthals, the Hobbit and the cause of geomagnetic reversals of the Earth. The coincidence of extinction periods, flood basalt volcanic eruption and geomagnetic reversals during the Pleistocene Epoch is well documented. The author's theory described in this book is the only one that can explain this coincidence.

Carboniferous Giants and Mass Extinction

Author : George R. McGhee Jr.
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 279 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2018-08-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780231543385

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Carboniferous Giants and Mass Extinction by George R. McGhee Jr. Pdf

Picture a world of dog-sized scorpions and millipedes as long as a car; tropical rainforests with trees towering over 150 feet into the sky and a giant polar continent five times larger than Antarctica. That world was not imaginary; it was the earth more than 300 million years ago in the Carboniferous period of the Paleozoic era. In Carboniferous Giants and Mass Extinction, George R. McGhee Jr. explores that ancient world, explaining its origins; its downfall in the end-Permian mass extinction, the greatest biodiversity crisis to occur since the evolution of animal life on Earth; and how its legacies still affect us today. McGhee investigates the consequences of the Late Paleozoic ice age in this comprehensive portrait of the effects of ancient climate change on global ecology. Carboniferous Giants and Mass Extinction examines the climatic conditions that allowed for the evolution of gigantic animals and the formation of the largest tropical rainforests ever to exist, which in time turned into the coal that made the industrial revolution possible—and fuels the engine of contemporary anthropogenic climate change. Exploring the strange and fascinating flora and fauna of the Late Paleozoic ice age world, McGhee focuses his analysis on the forces that brought this world to an abrupt and violent end. Synthesizing decades of research and new discoveries, this comprehensive book provides a wealth of insights into past and present extinction events and climate change.

Once & Future Giants

Author : Sharon Levy
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 255 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Extinction
ISBN : 0190267763

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Once & Future Giants by Sharon Levy Pdf

Until about 13,000 years ago, Europe and North America were home to a menagerie of massive mammals. Mammoths, camels, and lions walked the ground that has become our cities and streets. Then, just as the first humans reached the Americas, these Ice Age giants vanished forever. In this book the author digs through the evidence surrounding Pleistocene large animal ('megafauna') extinction events worldwide, showing that understanding this history - and our part in it - is crucial for protecting the elephants, polar bears, and other great creatures at risk today.

Vanished Giants

Author : Anthony J. Stuart
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2021-01-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226432984

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Vanished Giants by Anthony J. Stuart Pdf

Featuring numerous illustrations, this book explores the many lessons to be learned from Pleistocene megafauna, including the role of humans in their extinction, their disappearance at the start of the Sixth Extinction, and what they might teach us about contemporary conservation crises. Long after the extinction of dinosaurs, when humans were still in the Stone Age, woolly rhinos, mammoths, mastodons, sabertooth cats, giant ground sloths, and many other spectacular large animals that are no longer with us roamed the Earth. These animals are regarded as “Pleistocene megafauna,” named for the geological era in which they lived—also known as the Ice Age. In Vanished Giants: The Lost World of the Ice Age, paleontologist Anthony J. Stuart explores the lives and environments of these animals, moving between six continents and several key islands. Stuart examines the animals themselves via what we’ve learned from fossil remains, and he describes the landscapes, climates, vegetation, ecological interactions, and other aspects of the animals’ existence. Illustrated throughout, Vanished Giants also offers a picture of the world as it was tens of thousands of years ago when these giants still existed. Unlike the case of the dinosaurs, there was no asteroid strike to blame for the end of their world. Instead, it appears that the giants of the Ice Age were driven to extinction by climate change, human activities—especially hunting—or both. Drawing on the latest evidence provided by radiocarbon dating, Stuart discusses these possibilities. The extinction of Ice Age megafauna can be seen as the beginning of the so-called Sixth Extinction, which is happening right now. This has important implications for understanding the likely fate of present-day animals in the face of contemporary climate change and vastly increasing human populations.

Ice Age Mammals of North America

Author : Ian M. Lange
Publisher : Mountain Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Science
ISBN : 0878426809

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Ice Age Mammals of North America by Ian M. Lange Pdf

Lange untangles the complex evolutionary lineages of mammal families, including the gomphotheres, elephant-like creatures that coexisted with humans at the end of the Pleistocene. You�ll learn about the geologic events that led to the ice ages, along with possible causes for the mass extinctions of so many species.

The Great Ice Age

Author : R. C. L. Wilson,Stephen A. Drury,Jenny Louise Chapman
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Climatic changes
ISBN : 0415198410

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The Great Ice Age by R. C. L. Wilson,Stephen A. Drury,Jenny Louise Chapman Pdf

The Great Ice Age documents and explains the natural climatic and palaeoecologic changes that have occurred during the past 2.6 million years, outlining the emergence and global impact of our species during this period. Exploring a wide range of records of climate change, the authors demonstrate the interconnectivity of the components of the Earths climate system, show how the evidence for such change is obtained, and explain some of the problems in collecting and dating proxy climate data. One of the most dramatic aspects of humanity's rise is that it coincided with the beginnings of major environmental changes and a mass extinction that has the pace, and maybe magnitude, of those in the far-off past that stemmed from climate, geological and occasionally extraterrestrial events. This book reveals that anthropogenic effects on the world are not merely modern matters but date back perhaps a million years or more.

Corridors to Extinction and the Australian Megafauna

Author : Steve Webb
Publisher : Newnes
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2013-02-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780124078406

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Corridors to Extinction and the Australian Megafauna by Steve Webb Pdf

Extinctions have always occurred and always will, so what is so surprising about the megafauna extinctions? They were caused by humans and were the first of many extinctions that eventually led to the extinction of the Moa, Steller's Sea Cow, the Dodo, Great Auk and countless other species great and small, all attributed to human agency. Therefore, the megafauna were humans’ first great impact on the planet. There is now an increasing realization that the 'blitzkrieg' view of these extinctions may have been wrong. A growing body of evidence and long-term field work is beginning to show that at least Australia's megafauna did not succumb to human agency, not because humans probably did not hunt the odd animal but because the an infinitely more logical reason lies in the climatic conditions of the Quaternary Ice Ages and the affect they had on continental geography, environment, climate and, most importantly, the biogeography of the megafauna. This book presents the evidence of this theory, demonstrating the biogeographic approach to Australia’s megafauna extinction. Written clearly to benefit a diverse level of readers, from those with a passing interest to professionals in the field. Examines future climate change and its effects on the planet by looking at examples buried in the past Presents new evidence from extensive field research

The Great Ice Age

Author : J.A. Chapman,S.A. all at The Open University Drury,R.C.L. Wilson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2005-06-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781134640324

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The Great Ice Age by J.A. Chapman,S.A. all at The Open University Drury,R.C.L. Wilson Pdf

The Great Ice Age documents and explains the natural climatic and palaeoecologic changes that have occurred during the past 2.6 million years, outlining the emergence and global impact of our species during this period. Exploring a wide range of records of climate change, the authors demonstrate the interconnectivity of the components of the Earths climate system, show how the evidence for such change is obtained, and explain some of the problems in collecting and dating proxy climate data. One of the most dramatic aspects of humanity's rise is that it coincided with the beginnings of major environmental changes and a mass extinction that has the pace, and maybe magnitude, of those in the far-off past that stemmed from climate, geological and occasionally extraterrestrial events. This book reveals that anthropogenic effects on the world are not merely modern matters but date back perhaps a million years or more.

Frozen in Time

Author : Michael Oard
Publisher : New Leaf Publishing Group
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2004-11-01
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781614582168

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Frozen in Time by Michael Oard Pdf

Earth's past is littered with the mysterious and unexplained: the pyramids, Easter Island, Stonehenge, dinosaurs, and the list goes on and on as science looks for clues to decipher these puzzles. One such mystery surrounds the now-extinct creature called the woolly mammoth. Author and meteorologist Michael Oard has studied the mammoth and its equally mysterious time period, the Ice Age, for many years and has come to some fascinating conclusions to help lift the fog engulfing the facts. Some of the questions he addresses include: What would cause the summer temperatures of the northern United States and European to plummet more than 50 degrees Fahrenheit? Why did mammoths become extinct across the entire earth at the same time as many other large mammals? Why are the mammoth carcasses found generally in standing positions? How could large lakes exist in what are today very dry, desert-like places? What was the source of the abnormal of moisture necessary for heavy snow? What caused the cold summer temperatures and heavy snowfall to persist for hundreds of years? In logical progression many other Ice Age topics are explained including super Ice Age floods, ice cores, man in the Ice Age, and the number of ice ages. This is one of the most difficult eras in geological history for a uniformitarian scientist (one who believes the earth evolved by slow processes over millions of years) to explain, simply because long ages of evolution cannot explain it. Provided here are plausible explanations of the seemingly unsolvable mysterious about the Ice Age and the woolly mammoths - Frozen in Time.

Megafauna

Author : Richard A. Fariña,Sergio F. Vizcaíno,Gerry De Iuliis
Publisher : Indiana University Press
Page : 458 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2013-05-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780253007193

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Megafauna by Richard A. Fariña,Sergio F. Vizcaíno,Gerry De Iuliis Pdf

“An enjoyable read that provides a substantial amount of detail on the biology, ecology, and distribution of these fantastic animals . . . Highly recommended.” —Choice More than 10,000 years ago spectacularly large mammals roamed the pampas and jungles of South America. This book tells the story of these great beasts during and just after the Pleistocene, the geological epoch marked by the great ice ages. Megafauna describes the history and way of life of these animals, their comings and goings, and what befell them at the beginning of the modern era and the arrival of humans. It places these giants within the context of the other mammals then alive, describing their paleobiology—how they walked; how much they weighed; their diets, behavior, biomechanics; and the interactions among them and with their environment. It also tells the stories of the scientists who contributed to our discovery and knowledge of these transcendent creatures and the environment they inhabited. The episode known as the Great American Biotic Interchange, perhaps the most important of all natural history “experiments,” is also an important theme of the book, tracing the biotic events of both North and South America that led to the fauna and the ecosystems discussed in this book. “Collectively, this book brings attention to the discovery and natural history of ancient beasts in South America while providing a broader temporal and geographic background that allows readers to understand their evolution and potential immigration to South America.” —Quarterly Review of Biology “An excellent volume . . . This book is likely to facilitate progress in the understanding of fossil mammals from the Americas.” —Priscum