Improved Hydrological Understanding Of A Semi Arid Subtropical Transboundary Basin Using Multiple Techniques The Incomati River Basin

Author : Saraiva Okello
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2019-05-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000034349

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Improved Hydrological Understanding of a Semi-Arid Subtropical Transboundary Basin Using Multiple Techniques - The Incomati River Basin by Saraiva Okello Pdf

This study aims at improving the hydrological process understanding of the semi-arid and transboundary Incomati river basin to enable better water management. Comprehensive statistical and trend analysis of rainfall and streamflow were conducted, and the Indicators of Hydrological Alteration tool was deployed to describe the streamflow regime and trends over time. Land use and land cover change, particularly the conversion of natural vegetation into forest plantation, the expansion of irrigated agriculture and the flow regulation due to dam operation were identified as critical drivers of flow regime alteration. Hydrograph separation using long-term hydrochemical data at seasonal scale, and hydrochemical and isotope data at event scale were performed to quantify runoff components. A novel methodology to calibrate recursive digital filters using routinely collected water quality data was developed and tested in the catchment. This method allows for estimation of daily baseflow from readily available daily streamflow data. Dominant runoff generation zones were mapped using the Height Above Nearest Drainage approach. The hydrological model STREAM was then employed, informed by the runoff generation zones mapping and the process understanding gained in the catchment, as well as remote sensing data. The study provides the basis for better operational water management in the catchment.

Author : Saraiva Okello
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2019-05-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000044027

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Improved Hydrological Understanding of a Semi-Arid Subtropical Transboundary Basin Using Multiple Techniques - The Incomati River Basin by Saraiva Okello Pdf

This study aims at improving the hydrological process understanding of the semi-arid and transboundary Incomati river basin to enable better water management. Comprehensive statistical and trend analysis of rainfall and streamflow were conducted, and the Indicators of Hydrological Alteration tool was deployed to describe the streamflow regime and trends over time. Land use and land cover change, particularly the conversion of natural vegetation into forest plantation, the expansion of irrigated agriculture and the flow regulation due to dam operation were identified as critical drivers of flow regime alteration. Hydrograph separation using long-term hydrochemical data at seasonal scale, and hydrochemical and isotope data at event scale were performed to quantify runoff components. A novel methodology to calibrate recursive digital filters using routinely collected water quality data was developed and tested in the catchment. This method allows for estimation of daily baseflow from readily available daily streamflow data. Dominant runoff generation zones were mapped using the Height Above Nearest Drainage approach. The hydrological model STREAM was then employed, informed by the runoff generation zones mapping and the process understanding gained in the catchment, as well as remote sensing data. The study provides the basis for better operational water management in the catchment.

Author : Mukuyu, Patience,van Koppen, Barbara,Jacobs-Mata, Inga
Publisher : IWMI
Page : 93 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2022-11-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780639202143

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Operationalising hybrid water law for historical justice by Mukuyu, Patience,van Koppen, Barbara,Jacobs-Mata, Inga Pdf

Final project report submitted to the Water Research Commission (WRC). Pretoria, South Africa: Water Research Commission (WRC).

Author : Ondieki, Christopher Misati,Kitheka, Johnson Utu
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2019-06-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781799801658

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Hydrology and Water Resources Management in Arid, Semi-Arid, and Tropical Regions by Ondieki, Christopher Misati,Kitheka, Johnson Utu Pdf

Hydrology is a key influence on water security, environmental sustainability, agricultural production, energy, and transport, especially in unique environments such as arid regions and the tropics, where degradation issues on water and land can threaten the livelihoods of poor communities. With implications in urbanization, landscape architecture, and sanitation, enhancing the practice of water use, management, and planning is imperative for the sustainable development of these regions. Hydrology and Water Resources Management in Arid, Semi-Arid, and Tropical Regions is an essential research publication that seeks to improve scientific understanding and sharing of data in hydrology and integrated water resources management of arid, semi-arid, and tropical regions in order to enhance water governance and alleviate reduction in the vulnerability of water resources systems to global changes. Featuring a wide range of topics such as hydrometeorology, sustainable development, and climate change, this book is ideal for researchers, technology developers, academicians, policymakers, government officials, and students.

Author : Kurt Schwabe,Jose Albiac,Jeffery D. Connor,Rashid M. Hassan,Liliana Meza González
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 507 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2013-07-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400766365

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Drought in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions by Kurt Schwabe,Jose Albiac,Jeffery D. Connor,Rashid M. Hassan,Liliana Meza González Pdf

Offering a cross-country examination and comparison of drought awareness and experience, this book shows how scientists, water managers, and policy makers approach drought and water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions of Spain, Mexico, Australia, South Africa and the United States.

Author : Dinar Ariel,Tsur Yacov
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 396 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2017-03-17
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789814740067

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Management Of Transboundary Water Resources Under Scarcity: A Multidisciplinary Approach by Dinar Ariel,Tsur Yacov Pdf

Water scarcity due to climate change, population growth, and economic development is a critical issue in many semi-arid and arid regions around the world. Water scarcity is especially critical in regions where water is shared by several riparian states and used for competing purposes (irrigation, domestic, industry, environment, and hydropower). There is evidence that water scarcity may give rise to conflicts among the riparian states that share water basins. At the same time, there is evidence that proper arrangements among riparian states create a basis for cooperation, which is a necessary condition for economic development, food production, environmental sustainability, and poverty reduction. This book presents a collection of work presented by a group of academics and policy experts dealing with the impact of water scarcity and variability on the ability to jointly manage shared water and the derived welfare of international states and nations sharing international river basins, consisting of economics, technology, law and institutions, geography, and international relations. The book covers theoretical aspects of management of transboundary water as well as case studies from hotspots around the world. The unique aspect of this book is the multidisciplinary nature of the chapters, reflecting a new field of research that will gain popularity as water scarcity will increase over time and across regions. The chapters from the book were presented at the "Management of Transboundary Water Resources under Scarcity: Perspectives on Agriculture and Food Security" workshop held at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, from June 22 to 23, 2015.

Author : L. J. Bull,M. J. Kirkby
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2002-03-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 0471491233

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Dryland Rivers by L. J. Bull,M. J. Kirkby Pdf

Examines the processes operating in the headwaters and main channels of ephemeral rivers in semi-arid environments and includes coverage of current fieldwork investigations, modeling approaches, and management issues. focuses on dryland channel networks and processes presents a historical framework for research discusses examples of current studies and evaluates contemporary modelling approaches Emphasis is on the Mediterranean region, with comparisons to other dryland regimes eg California, Australia, Chile.

Author : William Andrew Blomquist,Ariel Dinar,Karin E. Kemper
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 46 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Water resources development
ISBN : 9785061412450

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Comparison of Institutional Arrangements for River Basin Management in Eight Basins by William Andrew Blomquist,Ariel Dinar,Karin E. Kemper Pdf

This study represents an effort toward understanding conditions that affect successful or unsuccessful efforts to devolve water resource management to the river basin level and secure active stakeholder involvement. A theoretical framework is used to identify potentially important variables related to the likelihood of success. Using a comparative case-study approach, the study examined river basins where organizations have been developed at the basin scale and where organizations perform management functions such as planning, allocation, and pricing of water supplies, flood prevention and response, and water quality monitoring and improvement. This paper compares the alternative approaches to basin governance and management adopted in the following river basins: the Alto-Tiete and Jaguaribe River Basins, Brazil; the Brantas River Basin, East Java, Indonesia; the Fraser River Basin, British Columbia, Canada; the Guadalquivir Basin, Spain; the Murray-Darling River Basin, Australia; the Tarcoles River Basin, Costa Rica; and the Warta River Basin, Poland. The analysis focuses on how management has been organized and pursued in each case in light of its specific geographical, historical, and organizational contexts and the evolution of institutional arrangements. The cases are also compared and assessed for their observed degrees of success in achieving improved stakeholder participation and integrated water resources management.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Cuvillier Verlag
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2006-05-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783736918856

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Development of a water balance for the Atankwidi catchment, West Africa - A case study of groundwater recharge in a semi-arid climate by Anonim Pdf

Regolith aquifers in the weathered zone overlying Precambrian basement rocks serve as the main source of groundwater in a large part of the Volta River basin in West Africa. A prerequisite for sustainable groundwater resources management is the knowledge of recharge processes and the annual recharge rate. This research assesses the water balance, and in particular the groundwater recharge rate, for the Atankwidi catchment, a 275 km² sub-catchment of the White Volta in northern Ghana. Large uncertainties are typically inherent in any singular method to determine groundwater recharge. For this reason, an integrated approach is developed in this work which makes use of several field methods and combines results from these methods with water budget modeling. Field methods included in this approach are groundwater level observations, isotope analyses and a Chloride mass balance. The Atankwidi catchment falls within the semi-arid Sudan-Savanna climate zone. The climate is characterized by high temperatures and a single rainy season from May to October with an average annual rainfall of 990 mm. The hydrogeological system consists of three aquifers: The discontinuous, shallow aquifer, the regolith aquifer and the fracture aquifer. The principal aquifer is the regolith aquifer in the weathered mantle, which is usually targeted for drinking water supply. It forms a continuous aquifer with an average saturated thickness of 25 m and a hydraulic conductivity of 2.5E-6 to 2.5E-5 m/s. Recharge rates vary considerably between wet and dry years and between locations, with a range of 2 % to 13 % of annual rainfall. The long term recharge rate is determined by the Chloride mass balance to be approximately 6 % of average annual rainfall. The research emphasizes the importance of high rainfall intensities in creating groundwater recharge. Interannual comparison of water level fluctuations shows that a decrease in annual rainfall of 20 % causes a reduction of groundwater recharge of 30 % to 60 %. The impact of changing quantities of annual rainfall on groundwater recharge is overestimated by methods that do not account for infiltration by preferential flow. A long term average groundwater recharge of 60 mm/y compares to a total current groundwater abstraction of 4 mm/y in the study area, which is one of the areas with the highest groundwater use per km² in the Volta River basin. Recharge is therefore currently not a limiting factor for groundwater resources development. Water budget modeling using WaSIM-ETH calculates that 63 % of annual rainfall is lost to evapotranspiration in a wet year (2003), and 82 % in a dry year (2004). In the investigated mesoscale catchment 23 % and 11 % of annual rainfall end up as surface run-off in a wet year and a dry year, respectively. Approximately 40 % of surface run-off consists of interflow, while the main fraction is direct run-off. Base flow from groundwater is negligible. Groundwater flow in the regolith aquifer is modeled with Visual Modflow, assuming average hydraulic conductivities as determined by pumping test evaluation. The model calculatesthat only about 5 % of groundwater recharge leaves the basin as groundwater flow. This is evidence that the regolith aquifer does not contribute to a large extent to regional groundwater flow. Leakage to localized zones of high hydraulic conductivity of the fracture aquifer, which underlies the regolith aquifer, could act as a main sink of groundwater recharge. However, the exact location and hydraulic properties of fracture zones are largely unknown, so that the flux from the regolith aquifer to these fractures as well as the amount of flow through fractures is impossible to estimate at present. Pumping tests with observation wells to assess the specific yield, long-term pumping test at the basin outlet and a continuation of groundwater hydrograph recording at high temporal resolution could largely enhance the knowledge of hydraulic properties in the future. The groundwater model could then be improved and extended to gain certainty on the characteristics of groundwater flow.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Conservation of natural resources
ISBN : STANFORD:36105113968288

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Transboundary Rivers, Sovereignty and Development by Anonim Pdf

Author : Alain Pietroniro,John Willard Pomeroy,Christopher Spence,Canadian Water Resources Association
Publisher : Cambridge, Ont. : Canadian Water Resources Association, Canadian Society for Hydrological Sciences
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Nature
ISBN : UOM:39015066832257

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Prediction in Ungauged Basins by Alain Pietroniro,John Willard Pomeroy,Christopher Spence,Canadian Water Resources Association Pdf

In March, 2004, Water Survey of Canada and the Canadian Society for Hydrological Sciences co-hosted a workshop in Yellowknife to discuss how to improve our community's abilities to predict streamflow in the Mackenzie Valley and similar cold regions of Canada. The workshop's objectives were to: 1) provide outreach to practitioners of the results of recent studies in cold water regions hydrological regimes in the context of predicting streamflow; 2) assess "state of the art" techniques to predict streamflow in ungauged basins in northern landscapes, and; 3) define technical needs and recommend a research agenda that can deliver these over the next decade. This book summarizes presentations by invited speakers on the subjects of: statisical hydrology and hydrometric network planning; cold regions hydrological processes; application of hydrological models to cold regions; and advances in distributed hydrological modelling.

Author : United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
Publisher : United Nations
Page : 126 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2015-12-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789210571647

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Water and Climate Change Adaptation in Transboundary Basins by United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Pdf

The publication intends to demonstrate and illustrate important steps and lessons learned to take into account when developing a climate change adaptation strategy for water management in the basin or transboundary context. It aims to compile, analyse, publish and disseminate lessons learned and good practices on water and adaptation to climate change in transboundary basins. It includes lessons learnt and good practices from the programme of pilot projects under the UNECE Convention on the Protection and Use of Tranbsboundary Watercourses and International Lakes implemented since 2010 in cooperation with partner organizations such as OSCE and UNDP in the framework of the Environment and Security Initiative. It also includes lessons and examples from numerous other organizations working on water and climate change in transboundary basins, such as the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the Global Water Partnership and many others.

Author : D. Stephenson,E.M. Shemang,T.R. Chaoka
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 755 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2004-08-15
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781134242245

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Water Resources of Arid Areas by D. Stephenson,E.M. Shemang,T.R. Chaoka Pdf

With Africa's water resources constantly threatened by an increasing population and the resultant rise in water demand, together with the stresses of water use for various activities, desertification, climate change, and other interventions in the water cycle by man, it is vital that the water resources in arid and semi-arid regions are developed a

Author : Asit K. Biswas
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2013-09-13
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781135715311

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Managing Transboundary Waters of Latin America by Asit K. Biswas Pdf

Definitive analyses of transboundary water management in Latin America are conspicuous by their absence. The situation is a little better for rivers compared to groundwater resources. Transboundary water management in Latin America has been evolving in a somewhat different manner compared to other continents. The book includes eight authoritative case studies of Latin American transboundary rivers and aquifers, as well as a thinkpiece on the complexities of managing aquifers based on global experiences. The case studies are of different scales, ranging from the mighty Amazon to small Silala. The overall focus of the book is on ways in which such difficult and complex rivers and aquifers that are shared by two or more countries can be managed efficiently and equitably, and on the lessons, both positive and negative, that other regions can learn from the Latin American experience. This book was published as a special issue of the International Journal of Water Resources Development.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : UNEP/Earthprint
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Law
ISBN : 9280725750

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Hydropolitical Vulnerability and Resilience Along International Waters by Anonim Pdf

In Africa, most major rivers, freshwater lakes, and aquifers are shared by two or more countries. These nations are becoming increasingly vulnerable to conflict, and their vulnerabilities are made more acute by climatic variations in precipitation, increasing urbanization, industrialization and environmental degradation. The concept of resilience and vulnerability as it relates to water resources is tackled in this report within the framework of sustainability and relates to the ability of the human and bio-physical systems to adapt to change.