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Author : Sirkku Hellsten
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Humanistic ethics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105020404351
Author : Maria Balaska
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2021-01-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030592196
This collection offers an in-depth look at Cora Diamond’s distinctive approach to ethics and its philosophical significance. It comprises a new essay by Cora Diamond on the policing of concepts, followed by ten original chapters by world-class scholars covering conceptual loss, moral theory, the category of the human, the moral consideration of animals, and the meaning of narcissism. Including comparisons to the work of other contemporary moral philosophers such as Martha Nussbaum, Jeff McMahan, Rai Gaita, Eva Kittay, Christine Korsgaard, and Edward Harcourt, the volume also creates interdisciplinary links between Diamond’s work and other fields of study, including psychoanalysis and contemporary ethology. Showcasing the vital importance of Diamond’s contribution to philosophy, this volume is essential reading for scholars working in ethics, philosophy of language and literature.
Author : Cécile Fabre,Seth Lazar
Publisher : Mind Association Occasional
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2014-02
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780199682836
Most of us take it for granted that wars in defence of one's political community are the quintessential just wars. Indeed, while in recent years philosophers have subjected all of our other assumptions about just war theory to radical revision, this principle has emerged largely unscathed. But what underpins the morality of defensive war? In this book, leading moral and political philosophers both show the profoundly challenging nature of that question, and advance novel answers to it. The first part exposes the deep tension between the individualist foundations of much contemporary philosophy and plausible conclusions about the morality of defensive war. The second part offers an individualist attempt to resolve that tension, while the third seeks to justify defensive war by appeal to more collectivist values.
Author : Rabbi Russell McAlmond
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2021-01-25
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9798599224860
In this series of essays addressing the root cause of racism and the damaging effects of all groupings and judgments, Rabbi Russell McAlmond suggests an answer to the question: How can we improve human relations for everyone? Ethical Individualism presents a foundational philosophy-one that teaches us to recognize the primacy and reality of individuality over groupism. Lending his calm and pragmatic voice to this pressing topic, Rabbi McAlmond explains how returning to a basic understanding of the uniqueness of every individual is the antidote to counteract the toxic labeling and judgmentalism threatening to undermine our relations. Ethical Individualism's profound, yet simple message will infuse you with hope as you are reminded that, as an individual human being, only you can bring your unique perspective into the world.
Author : Henry Rosemont
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 209 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2015-03-25
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780739199817
The first part of Against Individualism: A Confucian Rethinking of the Foundations of Morality, Politics, Family, and Religion is devoted to showing how and why the vision of human beings as free, independent and autonomous individuals is and always was a mirage that has served liberatory functions in the past, but has now become pernicious for even thinking clearly about, much less achieving social and economic justice, maintaining democracy, or addressing the manifold environmental and other problems facing the world today. In the second and larger part of the book Rosemont proffers a different vision of being human gleaned from the texts of classical Confucianism, namely, that we are first and foremost interrelated and thus interdependent persons whose uniqueness lies in the multiplicity of roles we each live throughout our lives. This leads to an ethics based on those mutual roles in sharp contrast to individualist moralities, but which nevertheless reflect the facts of our everyday lives very well. The book concludes by exploring briefly a number of implications of this vision for thinking differently about politics, family life, justice, and the development of a human-centered authentic religiousness. This book will be of value to all students and scholars of philosophy, political theory, and Religious, Chinese, and Family Studies, as well as everyone interested in the intersection of morality with their everyday and public lives.
Author : Peter Schwartz
Publisher : St. Martin's Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2015-06-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781466878907
From childhood, we're taught one central, non-controversial idea about morality: self-sacrifice is a virtue. It is universally accepted that serving the needs of others, rather than our own, is the essence of morality. To be ethical—it is believed—is to be altruistic. Questioning this belief is regarded as tantamount to questioning the self-evident. Here, Peter Schwartz questions it. In Defense of Selfishness refutes widespread misconceptions about the meaning of selfishness and of altruism. Basing his arguments on Ayn Rand's ethics of rational self-interest, Schwartz demonstrates that genuine selfishness is not exemplified by the brutal plundering of an Attila the Hun or the conniving duplicity of a Bernard Madoff. To the contrary, such people are acting against their actual, long-range interests. The truly selfish individual is committed to moral principles and lives an honest, productive, self-respecting life. He does not feed parasitically off other people. Instead, he renounces the unearned, and deals with others—in both the material and spiritual realms—by offering value for value, to mutual benefit. The selfish individual, Schwartz maintains, lives by reason, not force. He lives by production and trade, not by theft and fraud. He disavows the mindlessness of the do-whatever-you-feel-like emotionalist, and upholds rationality as his primary virtue. He takes pride in his achievements, and does not sacrifice himself to others—nor does he sacrifice others to himself. According to the code of altruism, however, you must embrace self-sacrifice. You must subordinate yourself to others. Altruism calls, not for cooperation and benevolence, but for servitude. It demands that you surrender your interests to the needs of others, that you regard serving others as the moral justification of your existence, that you be willing to suffer so that a non-you might benefit. To this, Schwartz asks simply: Why? Why should the fact that you have achieved any success make you indebted to those who haven't? Why does the fact that someone needs your money create a moral entitlement to it, while the fact that you've earned it, doesn't? Using vivid, real-life examples, In Defense of Selfishness illustrates the iniquity of requiring one man to serve the needs of another. This provocative book challenges readers to re-examine the standard by which they decide what is morally right or wrong.
Author : Peter Simon Cremer
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 1972
Category : Electronic
ISBN : UCAL:C2942388
Author : Jessica Brown
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 026252421X
A persuasive monograph that answers the keyepistemological arguments against anti-individualism in thephilosophy of mind.
Author : Jeffrey Church
Publisher : Penn State Press
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2015-10-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780271061627
G. W. F. Hegel and Friedrich Nietzsche are often considered the philosophical antipodes of the nineteenth century. In Infinite Autonomy, Jeffrey Church draws on the thinking of both Hegel and Nietzsche to assess the modern Western defense of individuality—to consider whether we were right to reject the ancient model of community above the individual. The theoretical and practical implications of this project are important, because the proper defense of the individual allows for the survival of modern liberal institutions in the face of non-Western critics who value communal goals at the expense of individual rights. By drawing from Hegelian and Nietzschean ideas of autonomy, Church finds a third way for the individual—what he calls the “historical individual,” which goes beyond the disagreements of the ancients and the moderns while nonetheless incorporating their distinctive contributions.
Author : Herbert Spencer
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1879
Category : Ethics
ISBN : HARVARD:AH5DUM
Author : Mark S. Cladis
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780804723657
In this provocative and timely reading of Emile Durkheim the author isolates the merits and liabilities of both liberal and communitarian theories and demonstrates that we need not be in the position of having to choose between them.
Author : Judith Butler
Publisher : Verso Books
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2021-02-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781788732772
“The most creative and courageous social theorist working today” examines the ethical binds that emerge within the force field of violence (Cornel West). “ . . . nonviolence is often seen as passive and resolutely individual. Butler’s philosophical inquiry argues that it is in fact a shrewd and even aggressive collective political tactic.” —New York Times Judith Butler shows how an ethic of nonviolence must be connected to a broader political struggle for social equality. While many think of nonviolence as passive or individualist, Butler argues nonviolence is an ethical position found in the midst of the political field. She champions an ‘aggressive’ nonviolence, which accepts hostility as part of our psychic constitution—but values ambivalence as a way of checking the conversion of aggression into violence. Some challengers say a politics of nonviolence is subjective: What qualifies as violence versus nonviolence? This distinction is often mobilized in the service of ratifying the state’s monopoly on violence. Considering nonviolence as an ethical problem within a political philosophy requires two things: a critique of individualism and an understanding of the psychosocial dimensions of violence. Butler draws upon Foucault, Fanon, Freud, and Benjamin to consider how the interdiction against violence fails to include lives regarded as ‘ungrievable’. By considering how “racial phantasms” inform justifications of state and administrative violence, Butler tracks how violence is often attributed to those who are most severely exposed to its lethal effects. Ultimately, the struggle for nonviolence is found in modes of resistance and social movements that separate aggression from its destructive aims to affirm the living potentials of radical egalitarian politics.
Author : Craig Taylor
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2015-01-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317547709
Moralism involves the distortion of moral thought, the distortion of reflection and judgement. It is a vice, and one to which many - from the philosopher to the media pundit to the politician - are highly susceptible. This book examines the nature of moralism in specific moral judgements and the ways in which moral philosophy and theories about morality can themselves become skewed by this vice. This book ranges across a wide range of topics: the problem of the demandingness of morality; the conflict between moral and other values; the contrast between the practice of moral philosophy and other modes of moral thought or reflection; moralism in the media; and, moralism in the public discussion of literature and art. This highly original and provocative book will be of interest to students of philosophy, psychology, theology and media, and to anyone who takes a serious interest in contemporary morality.
Author : D. Forsyth,C. Hoyt
Publisher : Springer
Page : 186 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2011-01-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780230116269
This volume draws on disciplines as different as Psychology, Anthropology, History and Biology to explain when and why individuals act to promote their own self-interest and when they sacrifice their own outcomes so that others can benefit.
Author : Shirley Robin Letwin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2005-11-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781139448499
On the History of the Idea of Law is the first book ever to trace the development of the philosophical theory of law from its first appearance in Plato's writings to today. Professor Letwin finds important and positive insights and tensions in the theories of Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, and Hobbes. She finds confusions and serious errors introduced by Cicero, Aquinas, Bentham, and Marx. She harnesses the insights of H. L. A. Hart and especially Michael Oakeshott to mount a devastating attack on the late twentieth-century theories of Ronald Dworkin, the Critical Legal Studies movement, and feminist jurisprudence. In all of this, Professor Letwin finds the rule of law to be the key to modern liberty and the standard of justice. This is the final work of the distinguished historian and theorist Shirley Robin Letwin, a major figure in the revival of Conservative thought and doctrine from 1960 onwards, who died in 1993.