In Situ And Laboratory Experiments On Electoral Law Reform

Author : Bernard Dolez,Bernard Grofman,Annie Laurent
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2010-12-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781441975393

Get Book

In Situ and Laboratory Experiments on Electoral Law Reform by Bernard Dolez,Bernard Grofman,Annie Laurent Pdf

In the modern era, representation is the hallmark of democracy, and electoral rules structure how representation works and how effectively governments perform. Moreover, of the key structural variables in constitutional design, it is the choice of electoral system that is usually the most open to change. There are three distinctive approaches to electoral system research. One, associated largely with economics, involves the study of electoral system effects through the deductive method, using mathematical tools to derive theorems about the properties of voting methods and behaviors. A second, associated largely with political science, has a primarily empirical focus, and looks in depth at how electoral rules impact on political outcomes, through large cross-sectional or case studies. A third, and more recent tradition, inspired largely by work in experimental economics, involves experimentation, either in the form of controlled laboratory experiments or in the form of in situ field studies. This volume employs the third approach to report on experiments that look at alternatives to the present two round (majority runoff) system used for the election of French presidents. This system is of considerable importance not just because of its use in France but also because of its wide adoption in presidential elections in new democracies, such as Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, Russia and Ukraine. The editors have assembled the top experimental economists and political scientists specializing in French politics to provide in-depth analysis of the double ballot electoral system, and, more broadly, of the effect of electoral rules on the number of candidates, voter strategies, and ideological choice. Ultimately, the editors and contributors argue that experimental methods have great potential to inform our understanding of institutional mechanisms in the context of voting behavior.

Author : Bernard Dolez,Bernard N. Grofman,Annie Laurent
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2011-03-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1441975403

Get Book

In Situ and Laboratory Experiments on Electoral Law Reform by Bernard Dolez,Bernard N. Grofman,Annie Laurent Pdf

Author : André Blais,Jean-François Laslier,Karine Van der Straeten
Publisher : Springer
Page : 333 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2016-10-03
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783319405735

Get Book

Voting Experiments by André Blais,Jean-François Laslier,Karine Van der Straeten Pdf

This book presents a collection of papers illustrating the variety of "experimental" methodologies used to study voting. Experimental methods include laboratory experiments in the tradition of political psychology, laboratory experiments with monetary incentives, in the economic tradition, survey experiments (varying survey, question wording, framing or content), as well as various kinds of field experimentation. Topics include the behavior of voters (in particular turnout, vote choice, and strategic voting), the behavior of parties and candidates, and the comparison of electoral rules.

Author : Daniela Giannetti,Bernard Grofman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2011-02-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781441972286

Get Book

A Natural Experiment on Electoral Law Reform by Daniela Giannetti,Bernard Grofman Pdf

In the early 1990s, major electoral reforms took place in both Italy and Japan; each replaced a form of “proportional representation” (in which voters cast a ballot for a party list) with a “mixed member” system (in which voters cast ballots for individual candidates and party lists). The reforms were enacted by political elites in the context of divisions within the dominant party, changing patterns of party support, and party splits, in efforts to retain power while responding to charges of corruption, clientelism, and lack of accountability. The experiences of both countries provide a laboratory in which to investigate the effects and implications of the reforms, and, more broadly to analyze voter behavior in the context of institutional change. The introduction provides an overview of post-WWII politics and electoral reform in Italy and Japan. In each of the next four chapters, specialists in Italian and Japanese electoral politics are teamed up to review data both before and after the reforms. Within this comparative framework, the authors explore such topics as changes in party competition, candidate selection mechanisms, and intra-party politics. The concluding chapter considers the longer-term consequences—both anticipated and unanticipated—of the reforms; despite superficially similar conditions, the effects in the two countries were dramatically different: in Japan, the new system has taken hold, with minor modifications, while in Italy, there was a reversion to a proportional representation system. As the essays in this volume demonstrate, to understand why similar reforms had such different effects in the two countries we must examine how electoral systems are embedded in broader institutional and social arrangements, and at the complex interplay of political geography, political history, and the rational calculations of political actors.

Author : J.S. Maloy
Publisher : Springer
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2019-06-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783030130312

Get Book

Smarter Ballots by J.S. Maloy Pdf

This book presents a new democratic theory of election reform, using the tradition of political realism to interrogate and synthesize findings from global elections research and voting theory. In a world of democratic deficits and uncivil societies, political researchers and reformers should prioritize creating smarter ballots before smarter voters. Many democracies’ electoral systems impose a dilemma of disempowerment which traps voters between the twin dangers of vote-splitting and “lesser evil” choices, restricting individual expression while degrading systemic accountability. The application of innovative conceptual tools to comparative empirical analysis and previous experimental results reveals that ballot structure is crucial, but often overlooked, in sustaining this dilemma. Multi-mark ballot structures can resolve the dilemma of disempowerment by allowing voters to rank or grade multiple parties or candidates per contest, thereby furnishing democratic citizens with a broader array of options, finer tools of expression, and stronger powers of accountability. Innovative proposals for ranking and grading ballots in both multi-winner and single-winner contests, including referendums, are offered to provoke further experimentation and reform—a process that may help the cause of democratic elections’ relevance and survival.

Author : Jean-François Laslier,M. Remzi Sanver
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 482 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2010-06-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783642028397

Get Book

Handbook on Approval Voting by Jean-François Laslier,M. Remzi Sanver Pdf

With approval voting, voters can approve of as many candidates as they want, and the one approved by the most voters wins. This book surveys a wide variety of empirical and theoretical knowledge accumulated from years of studying this method of voting.

Author : Pierluigi Contucci,Andrea Omicini,Danilo Pianini,Alina Sîrbu
Publisher : Springer
Page : 101 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2018-12-17
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783030053338

Get Book

The Future of Digital Democracy by Pierluigi Contucci,Andrea Omicini,Danilo Pianini,Alina Sîrbu Pdf

Digital democracy is a hot topic nowadays, its relevance growing along with the impact of computational platforms on our(political) life. Communication is the basal fabric on which society is defined, and it appears obvious that the civic organisation and politics itself should take the opportunities the "digital revolution" offers. Institutional inertia, nevertheless, causes large delays in updating and adapting. Therefore, the balance between participation and delegated representation is now facing a crisis. A thorough understanding of the factors involved in participation is a first step towards providing solutions. Using the Internet to fill the gap and build a digital democracy provides an opportunity, along with several risks that need to be carefully analysed. It needs to be implemented using a fully inter- and trans-disciplinary perspective. The six contributions included in this State-of-the Art Survey present research in the field of social sciences as well as mathematics and computer science and aim at contributing to a better understanding of the potential and dangers of digital democracy, helping readers go beyond the misunderstandings, the misconceptions,and the conceptual and practical abuses that the very notion of democracy is undergoing during this age of technological revolution and social turmoils.

Author : Ragip Ege,Herrade Igersheim
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2012-04-27
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136666827

Get Book

Freedom and Happiness in Economic Thought and Philosophy by Ragip Ege,Herrade Igersheim Pdf

Starting from a distinction made by the American philosopher, John Rawls, in 2000 between two kinds of liberalism, "liberalism of freedom" and "liberalism of happiness", this book presents a range of articles by economists and philosophers debating the most fundamental aspects of the subject. These include the exact significance of Rawls’ distinction and how it can be related to European political philosophy on the one hand and to utilitarianism on the other hand; the various definitions of happiness and freedom and their implications and the informational basis of individual preferences. The objectives of the book are twofold: first, it is devoted to a thorough analysis of the founding texts of both liberalisms. It aims to determine the logic of selection of the concepts which these traditions consider as relevant. The Kantian pair "Reasonable"/"Rational" can be seen as the basis on which these concepts are defined, our final concern being to reveal the profound relations of complementarity between them: we call it reconciliation. Secondly, we consider a fundamental issue of welfare economics – how to appraise individual preferences – in light of the Rawlsian distinction. It is emphasized that neither a criterion based on liberalism of freedom by itself, nor an evaluation in terms of liberalism of happiness by itself exhausts the question of utility. One must combine both aspects in order to cope with that issue. To do so, it is claimed that one can resort to the concept of metaranking of preferences. All the contributions included in this book are the outcomes of a collective research project of three years. The contributors come from a variety of backgrounds and yet are unified in developing a specific position about freedom and happiness. This book should be of interest to those focusing on the history of economic thought as well as moral, political and economic philosophy.

Author : Stéphanie Novak,Jon Elster
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 271 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2014-06-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107054097

Get Book

Majority Decisions by Stéphanie Novak,Jon Elster Pdf

This book presents the most complete set of analytical, normative, and historical discussions of majority decision making to date. One chapter critically addresses the social-choice approach to majority decisions, whereas another presents an alternative to that approach. Extensive case studies discuss majority voting in the choice of religion in early modern Switzerland, majority voting in nested assemblies such as the French Estates-General and the Federal Convention, majority voting in federally organized countries, qualified majority voting in the European Union Council of Ministers, and majority voting on juries. Other chapters address the relation between majority decisions and cognitive diversity, the causal origin of majority decisions, and the pathologies of majority decision making. Two chapters, finally, discuss the counter-majoritarian role of courts that exercise judicial review. The editorial Introduction surveys conceptual, causal, and normative issues that arise in the theory and practice of majority decisions.

Author : Peijun Guo,Witold Pedrycz
Publisher : Springer
Page : 418 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2013-11-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642393075

Get Book

Human-Centric Decision-Making Models for Social Sciences by Peijun Guo,Witold Pedrycz Pdf

The volume delivers a wealth of effective methods to deal with various types of uncertainty inherently existing in human-centric decision problems. It elaborates on comprehensive decision frameworks to handle different decision scenarios, which help use effectively the explicit and tacit knowledge and intuition, model perceptions and preferences in a more human-oriented style. The book presents original approaches and delivers new results on fundamentals and applications related to human-centered decision making approaches to business, economics and social systems. Individual chapters cover multi-criteria (multiattribute) decision making, decision making with prospect theory, decision making with incomplete probabilistic information, granular models of decision making and decision making realized with the use of non-additive measures. New emerging decision theories being presented as along with a wide spectrum of ongoing research make the book valuable to all interested in the field of advanced decision-making. The volume, self-contained in its nature, offers a systematic exposure to the concepts, design methodologies, and detailed algorithms. A prudent balance between the theoretical studies and applications makes the material suitable for researchers and graduate students in information, computer sciences, psychology, cognitive science, economics, system engineering, operation research and management science, risk management, public and social policy.

Author : Michel Balinski,Rida Laraki
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 431 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2022-06-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780262545716

Get Book

Majority Judgment by Michel Balinski,Rida Laraki Pdf

An account of a new theory and method of voting, judging and ranking, majority judgment, shown to be superior to all other known methods. In Majority Judgment, Michel Balinski and Rida Laraki argue that the traditional theory of social choice offers no acceptable solution to the problems of how to elect, to judge, or to rank. They find that the traditional model—transforming the "preference lists" of individuals into a "preference list" of society—is fundamentally flawed in both theory and practice. Balinski and Laraki propose a more realistic model. It leads to an entirely new theory and method—majority judgment—proven superior to all known methods. It is at once meaningful, resists strategic manipulation, elicits honesty, and is not subject to the classical paradoxes encountered in practice, notably Condorcet's and Arrow's. They offer theoretical, practical, and experimental evidence—from national elections to figure skating competitions—to support their arguments. Drawing on insights from wine, sports, music, and other competitions, Balinski and Laraki argue that the question should not be how to transform many individual rankings into a single collective ranking, but rather, after defining a common language of grades to measure merit, how to transform the many individual evaluations of each competitor into a single collective evaluation of all competitors. The crux of the matter is a new model in which the traditional paradigm—to compare—is replaced by a new paradigm—to evaluate.

Author : Antonio Maturo,Šárka Hošková-Mayerová,Daniela-Tatiana Soitu,Janusz Kacprzyk
Publisher : Springer
Page : 426 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2016-08-26
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783319405858

Get Book

Recent Trends in Social Systems: Quantitative Theories and Quantitative Models by Antonio Maturo,Šárka Hošková-Mayerová,Daniela-Tatiana Soitu,Janusz Kacprzyk Pdf

The papers collected in this volume focus on new perspectives on individuals, society, and science, specifically in the field of socio-economic systems. The book is the result of a scientific collaboration among experts from “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iaşi (Romania), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara (Italy), "University of Defence" of Brno (Czech Republic), and "Pablo de Olavide" University of Sevilla (Spain). The heterogeneity of the contributions presented in this volume reflects the variety and complexity of social phenomena. The book is divided in four Sections as follows. The first Section deals with recent trends in social decisions. Specifically, it aims to understand which are the driving forces of social decisions. The second Section focuses on the social and public sphere. Indeed, it is oriented on recent developments in social systems and control. Trends in quantitative theories and models are described in Section 3, where many new formal, mathematical-statistical tools for modelling complex social phenomena are presented. Finally, Section 4 shows integrative theories and models; particularly, it deals with the ethical, cultural and political approaches to social science, the pedagogical methods, and the relationship between literature, politics, religion and society. The book is addressed to sociologists, philosophers, mathematicians, statisticians, people interested in ethics, and specialists in the fields of communication, social, and political sciences.

Author : Giuseppe Castagna
Publisher : Springer
Page : 746 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2013-06-25
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642390388

Get Book

ECOOP 2013 -- Object-Oriented Programming by Giuseppe Castagna Pdf

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 27th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, ECOOP 2013, held in Montpellier, France, in July 2013. The 29 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 116 submissions. They are organized in topical sections on aspects, components, and modularity; types; language design; concurrency, parallelism, and distribution; analysis and verification; modelling and refactoring; testing, profiling, and empirical studies; and implementation.

Author : John H Aldrich,André Blais,Laura B Stephenson
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
Page : 253 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2018-11-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780472131020

Get Book

The Many Faces of Strategic Voting by John H Aldrich,André Blais,Laura B Stephenson Pdf

Voters do not always choose their preferred candidate on election day. Often they cast their ballots to prevent a particular outcome, as when their own preferred candidate has no hope of winning and they want to prevent another, undesirable candidate’s victory; or, they vote to promote a single-party majority in parliamentary systems, when their own candidate is from a party that has no hope of winning. In their thought-provoking book The Many Faces of Strategic Voting, Laura B. Stephenson, John H. Aldrich, and André Blais first provide a conceptual framework for understanding why people vote strategically, and what the differences are between sincere and strategic voting behaviors. Expert contributors then explore the many facets of strategic voting through case studies in Great Britain, Spain, Canada, Japan, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, and the European Union.

Author : Donald T. Campbell,Julian C. Stanley
Publisher : Ravenio Books
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2015-09-03
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

Get Book

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research by Donald T. Campbell,Julian C. Stanley Pdf

We shall examine the validity of 16 experimental designs against 12 common threats to valid inference. By experiment we refer to that portion of research in which variables are manipulated and their effects upon other variables observed. It is well to distinguish the particular role of this chapter. It is not a chapter on experimental design in the Fisher (1925, 1935) tradition, in which an experimenter having complete mastery can schedule treatments and measurements for optimal statistical efficiency, with complexity of design emerging only from that goal of efficiency. Insofar as the designs discussed in the present chapter become complex, it is because of the intransigency of the environment: because, that is, of the experimenter’s lack of complete control.