Inattentional Blindness

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Inattentional Blindness

Arien Mack,Irvin Rock
Inattentional Blindness Book PDF

Author : Arien Mack,Irvin Rock
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0262133393

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Inattentional Blindness by Arien Mack,Irvin Rock Pdf

Arien Mack and Irvin Rock make the radical claim that there is no conscious perception of the visual world without attention to it. Many people believe that merely by opening their eyes, they see everything in their field of view; in fact, a line of psychological research has been taken as evidence of the existence of so-called preattentional perception. In Inattentional Blindness, Arien Mack and Irvin Rock make the radical claim that there is no such thing -- that there is no conscious perception of the visual world without attention to it. The authors present a narrative chronicle of their research. Thus, the reader follows the trail that led to the final conclusions, learning why initial hypotheses and explanations were discarded or revised, and how new questions arose along the way. The phenomenon of inattentional blindness has theoretical importance for cognitive psychologists studying perception, attention, and consciousness, as well as for philosophers and neuroscientists interested in the problem of consciousness.

Inattentional Blindness

Arien Mack,Irvin Rock
Inattentional Blindness Book PDF

Author : Arien Mack,Irvin Rock
Publisher : Bradford Books
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0262632039

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Inattentional Blindness by Arien Mack,Irvin Rock Pdf

Arien Mack and Irvin Rock make the radical claim that there is no conscious perception of the visual world without attention to it.

The Invisible Gorilla

Christopher Chabris,Daniel Simons
The Invisible Gorilla Book PDF

Author : Christopher Chabris,Daniel Simons
Publisher : Harmony
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2011-06-07
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780307459664

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The Invisible Gorilla by Christopher Chabris,Daniel Simons Pdf

Reading this book will make you less sure of yourself—and that’s a good thing. In The Invisible Gorilla, Christopher Chabris and Daniel Simons, creators of one of psychology’s most famous experiments, use remarkable stories and counterintuitive scientific findings to demonstrate an important truth: Our minds don’t work the way we think they do. We think we see ourselves and the world as they really are, but we’re actually missing a whole lot. Chabris and Simons combine the work of other researchers with their own findings on attention, perception, memory, and reasoning to reveal how faulty intuitions often get us into trouble. In the process, they explain: • Why a company would spend billions to launch a product that its own analysts know will fail • How a police officer could run right past a brutal assault without seeing it • Why award-winning movies are full of editing mistakes • What criminals have in common with chess masters • Why measles and other childhood diseases are making a comeback • Why money managers could learn a lot from weather forecasters Again and again, we think we experience and understand the world as it is, but our thoughts are beset by everyday illusions. We write traffic laws and build criminal cases on the assumption that people will notice when something unusual happens right in front of them. We’re sure we know where we were on 9/11, falsely believing that vivid memories are seared into our minds with perfect fidelity. And as a society, we spend billions on devices to train our brains because we’re continually tempted by the lure of quick fixes and effortless self-improvement. The Invisible Gorilla reveals the myriad ways that our intuitions can deceive us, but it’s much more than a catalog of human failings. Chabris and Simons explain why we succumb to these everyday illusions and what we can do to inoculate ourselves against their effects. Ultimately, the book provides a kind of x-ray vision into our own minds, making it possible to pierce the veil of illusions that clouds our thoughts and to think clearly for perhaps the first time.

Gorillas in Our Midst

Christopher Chabris,Daniel Simons
Gorillas in Our Midst Book PDF

Author : Christopher Chabris,Daniel Simons
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2019-06
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0648022692

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Gorillas in Our Midst by Christopher Chabris,Daniel Simons Pdf

Catalogue to accompany the exhibition Gorillas in Our Midst, at Mona (Museum of Old and New Art), 2019

Fleeting Memories

Veronika Coltheart
Fleeting Memories Book PDF

Author : Veronika Coltheart
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Cognition
ISBN : 0262032619

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Fleeting Memories by Veronika Coltheart Pdf

The investigation of what people understand and remember from rapidlypresented sequences of visual stimuli began in the late 1960s. In this book, prominent researchers approach the topic from psychological, neuropsychological, and electrophysiological perspectives. The investigation of what people understand and remember from rapidly presented sequences of visual stimuli began in the late 1960s. In this book prominent researchers approach the topic from psychological, neuropsychological, and electrophysiological perspectives. Specific issues include RSVP (rapid serial visual presentation), attentional blink, repetition blindness, and scene perception. The contributors review recent research on our ability to comprehend and remember pictures of objects and scenes, written words, and sentences when the visual stimuli are presented sequentially at rates of up to ten items per second. In short, the book is about our remarkably developed abilities to understand and remember the contents of very briefly presented material.ContributorsDaphne Bavelier, Veronika Coltheart, Helene Intraub, Nancy Kanwisher, Steven J. Luck, Nadine Martin, Mary C. Potter, Eleanor M. Saffran, Kimron L. Shapiro, Ewa Wojciulik, Jeremy M. Wolfe, Carol Yin

The Psychology and Law of Criminal Justice Processes

Roger J. R. Levesque
The Psychology and Law of Criminal Justice Processes Book PDF

Author : Roger J. R. Levesque
Publisher : Nova Publishers
Page : 746 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Law
ISBN : 1594543127

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The Psychology and Law of Criminal Justice Processes by Roger J. R. Levesque Pdf

Psychological science now reveals much about the law's response to crime. This is the first text to bridge both fields as it presents psychological research and theory relevant to each phase of criminal justice processes. The materials are divided into three parts that follow a comprehensive introduction. The introduction analyses the major legal themes and values that guide criminal justice processes and points to the many psychological issues they raise. Part I examines how the legal system investigates and apprehends criminal suspects. Topics range from the identification, searching and seizing to the questioning of suspects. Part II focuses on how the legal system establishes guilt. To do so, it centres on the process of bargaining and pleading cases, assembling juries, providing expert witnesses, and considering defendants' mental states. Part III focuses on the disposition of cases. Namely, that part highlights the process of sentencing defendants, predicting criminal tendencies, treating and controlling offenders, and determining eligibility for such extreme punishments as the death penalty. The format seeks to give readers a feeling for the entire criminal justice process and for the role psychological science has and can play in it.

Anticipatory Behavior in Adaptive Learning Systems

Giovanni Pezzulo,Martin V. Butz,Olivier Sigaud,Gianluca Baldassarre
Anticipatory Behavior in Adaptive Learning Systems Book PDF

Author : Giovanni Pezzulo,Martin V. Butz,Olivier Sigaud,Gianluca Baldassarre
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2009-06-15
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642025648

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Anticipatory Behavior in Adaptive Learning Systems by Giovanni Pezzulo,Martin V. Butz,Olivier Sigaud,Gianluca Baldassarre Pdf

Anticipatory behavior in adaptive learning systems continues attracting attention of researchers in many areas, including cognitive systems, neuroscience, psychology, and machine learning. This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Anticipatory Behavior in Adaptive Learning Systems, ABiALS 2008, held in Munich, Germany, in June 2008, in collaboration with the six-monthly Meeting of euCognition 'The Role of Anticipation in Cognition'. The 18 revised full papers presented were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing and improvement for inclusion in the book. The introductory chapter of this state-of-the-art survey not only provides an overview of the contributions included in this volume but also revisits the current available terminology on anticipatory behavior and relates it to the available system approaches. The papers are organized in topical sections on anticipation in psychology with focus on the ideomotor view, conceptualizations, anticipation and dynamical systems, computational modeling of psychological processes in the individual and social domains, behavioral and cognitive capabilities based on anticipation, and computational frameworks and algorithms for anticipation, and their evaluation.

Applied Attention Theory

Christopher D. Wickens,Jason S. McCarley
Applied Attention Theory Book PDF

Author : Christopher D. Wickens,Jason S. McCarley
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2007-12-05
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781420063363

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Applied Attention Theory by Christopher D. Wickens,Jason S. McCarley Pdf

Eye witness testimony, training, driving, and display design: these are just a few of the real-world domains in which depend on undivided attention. Emphasizing the link between theory and application, Applied Attention Theory provides a deep understanding of how theories of attention, developed from laboratory-based psychological research, can inform our understanding of everyday human performance in a wide number of applications and environments. The basic theories discussed concern divided, focused, and selective attention, and areas of application include mental workload measurement, multi-tasking, distracted driving, complex display design, education, and the training of attentional skills.

Visual Attention

Richard D. Wright
Visual Attention Book PDF

Author : Richard D. Wright
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 494 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 1998-10-29
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780195352016

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Visual Attention by Richard D. Wright Pdf

Paying attention is something we are all familiar with and often take for granted, yet the nature of the operations involved in paying attention is one of the most profound mysteries of the brain. This book contains a rich, interdisciplinary collection of articles by some of the pioneers of contemporary research on attention. Central themes include how attention is moved within the visual field; attention's role during visual search, and the inhibition of these search processes; how attentional processing changes as continued practice leads to automatic performance; how visual and auditory attentional processing may be linked; and recent advances in functional neuro-imaging and how they have been used to study the brain's attentional network

Cognitive Penetrability of Perception

Athanassios Raftopoulos
Cognitive Penetrability of Perception Book PDF

Author : Athanassios Raftopoulos
Publisher : Nova Publishers
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 1590339916

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Cognitive Penetrability of Perception by Athanassios Raftopoulos Pdf

The issue of the cognitive impenetrability or penetrability of perception lay dormant for a long period of time. Though philosophers reacted to the relativism implied by the work of Hanson, Kuhn, and Feyerabend, they concentrated their efforts in dealing with the danger of the incommensurability of theories. They tried to show by philosophical and detailed historical analysis that scientists within different paradigms do communicate with each other and put their respective theories to the empirical test. Curiously enough the same philosophers did not seek to examine the very foundation of the relativistic trend, namely the thesis that perception is cognitively penetrable and theory-laden. In the last decade there has been a keen interest in studying the cognition/perception boundary. However, the discussion focused mainly on the grounding of conceptual content on perception and on the embodiment of cognition. The repercussions of these issues for the problem of the cognitive effects on perception were largely ignored. The chapters in this book address directly the issue of the cognitive penetrability of perception. The volume consists of eleven chapters, each one addressing the issue from a different perspective. Eight of the chapters were written by philosophers and cognitive scientists, and three by psychologists and neuropsychologists. These differences notwithstanding, the chapters share many common themes. The role of attention in perception, the contribution of action to perception, the relation between perception and scientific data, the examination of the content of perception and its nature and the detailed examination of the ways background knowledge affects perception, are among these themes. Most chapters combine philosophical analysis with psychological and/or neuropsychological evidence, which shows that there is consensus as to the kind of approaches that are currently deemed necessary for an adequate examination of the problem.

Body Language

Mark J. Rowlands
Body Language Book PDF

Author : Mark J. Rowlands
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 255 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2011-08-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262264402

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Body Language by Mark J. Rowlands Pdf

An argument that activity provides a useful template for thinking about representation and that deeds are themselves representational: our representing of the world consists, in part, in certain sorts of deeds that we perform in the world. In Body Language, Mark Rowlands argues that the problem of representation—how it is possible for one item to represent another—has been exacerbated by the assimilation of representation to the category of the word. That is, the problem is traditionally understood as one of relating inner to outer—relating an inner representing item to something extrinsic or exterior to it. Rowlands argues that at least some cases of representation need to be understood not in terms of the word but of the deed. Activity, he claims, is a useful template for thinking about representation; our representing the world consists, in part, in certain sorts of actions that we perform in that world. This is not to say simply that these forms of acting can facilitate representation but that they are themselves representational. These sorts of actions—which Rowlands calls deeds—do not merely express or re-present prior intentional states. They have an independent representational status. After introducing the notion of the deed as a "preintentional act," Rowlands argues that deeds can satisfy informational, teleological, combinatorial, misrepresentational, and decouplability constraints—and so qualify as representational. He puts these principles of representation into practice by examining the deeds involved in visual perception. Representing, Rowlands argues, is something we do in the world as much as in the head. Representing does not stop at the skin, at the border between the representing subject and the world; representing is representational "all the way out."

Change Blindness and Visual Memory

Daniel J. Simons
Change Blindness and Visual Memory Book PDF

Author : Daniel J. Simons
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2000-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0863776124

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Change Blindness and Visual Memory by Daniel J. Simons Pdf

A central goal in the study of object and scene perception is to understand how visual information is integrated across views to provide a stable, continuous experience of our environment. Research on issues ranging from visual masking to priming across saccades to the representation of spatial layout across views has addressed the issue of what information is preserved from one view to the next. Recently, research on visual memory for objects and scenes has led to striking claims about the nature of the information that is and is not preserved from one instant to the next. For example, studies of change blindness have shown that striking changes to objects and scenes can go undetected when they coincide with an eye movement, a flashed blank screen, a blink, or an occlusion event. These studies suggest that relatively little visual information about objects and scenes is combined across views. Despite these failures of change detection, observers somehow manage to experience a stable, continuous visual environment. This special issue seeks to unite recent studies of change blindness with studies of visual integration to better understand the nature of our representations and the richness of our visual memory.

Attentional Capture

Bradley S. Gibson,Charles Folk
Attentional Capture Book PDF

Author : Bradley S. Gibson,Charles Folk
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2019-02-04
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 1138877786

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Attentional Capture by Bradley S. Gibson,Charles Folk Pdf

The notion that certain mental or physical events can capture attention has been one of the most enduring topics in the study of attention owing to the importance of understanding how goal-directed and stimulus-driven processes interact in perception and cognition. Despite the clear theoretical and applied importance of attentional capture, a broad survey of this field suggests that the term "capture" means different things to different people. In some cases, it refers to covert shifts of spatial attention, in others involuntary saccades, and in still others general disruption of processing by irrelevant stimuli. The properties that elicit "capture" can also range from abruptly onset or moving lights, to discontinuities in textures, to unexpected tones, to emotionally valenced words or pictures, to directional signs and symbols. Attentional capture has been explored in both the spatial and temporal domains as well as the visual and auditory modalities. There are also a number of different theoretical perspectives on the mechanisms underlying "capture" (both functional and neurophysiological) and the level of cognitive control over capture. This special issue provides a sampling of the diversity of approaches, domains, and theoretical perspectives that currently exist in the study of attentional capture. Together, these contributions should help evaluate the degree to which attentional capture represents a unitary construct that reflects fundamental theoretical principles and mechanisms of the mind.

A Dictionary of Hallucinations

Jan Dirk Blom
A Dictionary of Hallucinations Book PDF

Author : Jan Dirk Blom
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 553 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2009-12-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781441912237

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A Dictionary of Hallucinations by Jan Dirk Blom Pdf

A Dictionary of Hallucinations is designed to serve as a reference manual for neuroscientists, psychiatrists, psychiatric residents, psychologists, neurologists, historians of psychiatry, general practitioners, and academics dealing professionally with concepts of hallucinations and other sensory deceptions.

The Oxford Companion to Consciousness

Tim Bayne,Axel Cleeremans,Patrick Wilken
The Oxford Companion to Consciousness Book PDF

Author : Tim Bayne,Axel Cleeremans,Patrick Wilken
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 670 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2014-02-27
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780191021039

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The Oxford Companion to Consciousness by Tim Bayne,Axel Cleeremans,Patrick Wilken Pdf

Consciousness is undoubtedly one of the last remaining scientific mysteries and hence one of the greatest contemporary scientific challenges. How does the brain's activity result in the rich phenomenology that characterizes our waking life? Are animals conscious? Why did consciousness evolve? How does science proceed to answer such questions? Can we define what consciousness is? Can we measure it? Can we use experimental results to further our understanding of disorders of consciousness, such as those seen in schizophrenia, delirium, or altered states of consciousness? These questions are at the heart of contemporary research in the domain. Answering them requires a fundamentally interdisciplinary approach that engages not only philosophers, but also neuroscientists and psychologists in a joint effort to develop novel approaches that reflect both the stunning recent advances in imaging methods as well as the continuing refinement of our concepts of consciousness. In this light, the Oxford Companion to Consciousness is the most complete authoritative survey of contemporary research on consciousness. Five years in the making and including over 250 concise entries written by leaders in the field, the volume covers both fundamental knowledge as well as more recent advances in this rapidly changing domain. Structured as an easy-to-use dictionary and extensively cross-referenced, the Companion offers contributions from philosophy of mind to neuroscience, from experimental psychology to clinical findings, so reflecting the profoundly interdisciplinary nature of the domain. Particular care has been taken to ensure that each of the entries is accessible to the general reader and that the overall volume represents a comprehensive snapshot of the contemporary study of consciousness. The result is a unique compendium that will prove indispensable to anyone interested in consciousness, from beginning students wishing to clarify a concept to professional consciousness researchers looking for the best characterization of a particular phenomenon.