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Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2024-06-28
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1111112867
Author : J. Lovasz
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Research, Industrial
ISBN : IND:30000105070126
Author : N. O'Neill
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 548 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015013539435
Author : Australian Industrial Research and Development Incentives Board
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Federal aid to research
ISBN : IND:30000077023301
Author : Kristian S. Palda,Fraser Institute (Vancouver, B.C.)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : UOM:39076001437602
Author : Canada,Canada. Industrie Canada
Publisher : Government of Canada
Page : 21 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2001-01-01
Category : Federal aid to research
ISBN : 0662661397
Author : Anwar Shah
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 98 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Capital
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
A survey and synthesis of the theoretical and empirical literature on the economics of research and development.
Author : Wendy H. Schacht
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 15 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2010-11
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781437936094
Technology can contribute to economic growth and productivity increases. Legislative activity over the past 25 or more years has created a policy for technology development. Because of the lack of consensus on the scope and direction of a national policy, Congress has taken an incremental approach aimed at creating new mechanisms to facilitate technological advancement in particular areas and making changes and improvements as necessary. Contents of this report: (1) Technol. and Competitive.; (2) The Fed. Role in Technology Development; (3) Legislative Initiatives and Current Programs: Increased R&D Spending: Industry-Univ. Coop. Efforts; Joint Industrial Research; Commercializing Federally Funded R&D; Different Approach?
Author : Donald E. Cunningham,John R. Craig,Theodore W. Schlie
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 522 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1977
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : WISC:89034007211
Author : Nicholas S. Vonortas
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781461555117
Cooperation in Research and Development provides an empirical and theoretical analysis of a distinct form of inter-firm collaboration in Research & Development (R&D): research joint ventures (RJVs). Of all types of cooperation, RJVs have received the most attention in both formal industrial organization and science and technology policy literature. The emerging theoretical economic literature on incentives of firms to join RJVs has not been followed by much empirical work. Cooperation in Research and Development attempts to fill the void caused by this lack of consistent data on the rate of RJV formation, RJV characteristics, and RJV member characteristics. Significant attention is paid to the role of RJVs in facilitating `virtual' firm diversification as necessary to pursue particular technological objectives. An effort is also made to blend the reported theoretical and empirical analyses with conceptual models of the process of technological innovation and models of industrial evolution in order to provide answers beyond the reach of the received economic theory. Cooperation in Research and Development should be of interest to academic economists, policy makers, and business representatives. The microeconomic issues the book deals with overlap significantly with the interests of decision makers both in government and business.
Author : Walter A. Garcia-Fontes
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 105 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2012-01-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9788493806217
Incentives for innovation are particularly relevant in the pharmaceutical industry where not all social needs provide equally profitable opportunities and where most OECD countries try to implement different measures that promote research in these less profitable areas. This book describes how incentives can be provided to deal with less profitable activities when no clear markets exist for the innovations. The book discusses alternative mechanisms to substitute for inexistent markets, situations where traditional instruments have proven totally insufficient, and the clear mismatch between the size of the markets being targeted and the incentives being provided. Patents become an ineffective way to incentivise R&D when the appropriability is low; this book provides alternative ideas such as allowing for a period of data exclusivity to firms that develop new drugs.
Author : Xuedong Ding,Jun Li
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2015-02-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317537755
In the past three decades, China has successfully transformed itself from an extremely poor economy to the world’s second largest economy. The country’s phenomenal economic growth has been sustained primarily by its rapid and continuous industrialization. Currently industry accounts for nearly two-fifths of China’s gross domestic product, and since 2009 China has been the world’s largest exporter of manufactured products. This book explores the question of how far this industrial growth has been the product of government policies. It discusses how government policies and their priorities have developed and evolved, examines how industrial policies are linked to policies in other areas, such as trade, technology and regional development, and assesses how new policy initiatives are encouraging China’s increasing success in new technology-intensive industries. It also demonstrates how China’s industrial policies are linked to development of industrial clusters and regions.
Author : M.P. Feldman,Albert N. Link,Donald S. Siegel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781461509813
Science and technology have long been regarded as important determinants of economic growth. Edwin Mansfield (1971, pp. 1- 2), a pioneer in the economics of technological change, noted: Technological change is an important, if not the most important, factor responsible for economic growth . . . without question, [it] is one of the most important determinants of the shape and evolution of the American economy. Science and technology are even more important in the "new economy," with its greater emphasis on the role of intellectual property and knowledge transfer. Therefore, it is unfortunate that most individuals rarely have the opportunity to explore the economic implications of science and technology. As a result, the antecedents and consequences of technological change are poorly understood by many in the general public. This lack of understanding is reflected in a recent survey conducted by the National Science Board (2000), summarized in Science & Engineering Indicators. ' As shown in Table 1. 1, the findings of the survey indicated that many Americans, despite a high level of interests in such matters, are not as well-informed about technological issues as they are about other policy issues. As shown in the table, individuals self assess, based on a scale from 1 to 100, their interest in science and technology policy issues as being relatively high, yet they self assess their knowledge or informedness about these issues relatively lower.
Author : Michael D. Rashkin
Publisher : CCH
Page : 764 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0808014323
CCH's Practical Guide to Research and Development Tax Incentives--Federal, State, and Foreign by Michael Rashkin, J.D., LL.M., provides something that has been missing in professional tax literature--authoritative, comprehensive coverage of this complex and evolving topic. This newly expanded resource is practical, easy to follow, easy to understand, and is particularly effective at clarifying and demystifying this complex subject. It provides well-written, detailed guidance on claiming the federal credit for increasing research activities and the deduction for R & D expenditures. In doing so, it explains the elements of qualified research, exclusions, computational rules, and basic research payment credits. Historically, the IRS has been vigilant in denying R & D credits. This resource explains how to satisfy the IRS's requirements, document the credit, and defend against IRS challenges. It also examines research incentives offered by individual states and describes the R & D incentives available in the major economies of the world, offering helpful charts that show the key differences among the various countries.
Author : Suzanne Scotchmer
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 371 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2006-08-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780262693431
Interest in intellectual property and other institutions that promote innovation exploded during the 1990s. Innovation and Incentives provides a clear and wide-ranging introduction to the economics of innovation, suitable for teaching at both the advanced undergraduate and graduate levels. It will also be useful to legal and economics professionals. Written by an expert on intellectual property and industrial organization, the book achieves a balanced mix of institutional details, examples, and theory. Analytical, empirical, or institutional factors can be given different emphases at different levels of study. Innovation and Incentives presents the historical, legal, and institutional contexts in which innovation takes place. After a historical overview of the institutions that support innovation, ranging from ancient history through today's government funding and hybrid institutions, the book discusses knowledge as a public good, the economic design of intellectual property, different models of cumulative innovation, the relation of competition to licensing and joint ventures, patent and copyright enforcement and litigation, private/public funding relationships, patent values and the return on R&D investment, intellectual property issues arising from direct and indirect network externalities, and globalization. The text presents technical and abstract analysis and at the same time sheds light on current controversies and policy-relevant topics, including the difficulty of enforcing copyright in the digital age and international protection of intellectual property.
