Incised Drawings From Early Phrygian Gordion

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Incised Drawings from Early Phrygian Gordion

Lynn E. Roller
Incised Drawings from Early Phrygian Gordion Book PDF

Author : Lynn E. Roller
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2011-09-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781934536520

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Incised Drawings from Early Phrygian Gordion by Lynn E. Roller Pdf

In 1950, the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology began excavations at the ancient Phrygian capital of Gordion in central Turkey. The Museum's Gordion Project continues today, with researchers from many disciplines and with many specializations contributing to a growing—and sometimes changing—body of information and understanding about this complex and multifaceted site, inhabited by peoples and diverse civilizations for millennia. In this volume of Gordion Special Studies, Lynn E. Roller focuses on a series of stone blocks with incised figural and abstract drawings recovered from early Phrygian structures at Gordion. The great majority of the incised stones come from a single structure within the Early Phrygian citadel at Gordion known as Megaron 2, a stone building with several remarkable features and a likely candidate for the citadel's temple. The volume begins with a description of the excavation of the stones and a discussion of Megaron 2. Next is an analysis of the subject matter of the drawings by type, describing scenes of human figures, animals, architectural drawings, geometric patterns, and formless marks. A discussion follows of the sources from which the drawings could have been taken and of parallels with similar scenes and designs on objects in other media from Gordion and other contemporary sites in Anatolia. The fourth section proposes an explanatory hypothesis on the origin of the drawings, and considers who could have made them and why. Parallels with comparable drawings from Anatolia and the Near East are discussed here. The final section summarizes the contribution of the drawings to our understanding of the development of the Early Phrygian material at Gordion. University Museum Monograph, 130

The Archaeology of Phrygian Gordion, Royal City of Midas

C. Brian Rose
The Archaeology of Phrygian Gordion Royal City of Midas Book PDF

Author : C. Brian Rose
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2013-03-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781934536599

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The Archaeology of Phrygian Gordion, Royal City of Midas by C. Brian Rose Pdf

Some of the most dramatic new discoveries in Asia Minor have been made at Gordion, the Phrygian capital that controlled much of central Asia Minor for close to two centuries. The most famous ruler of the kingdom was Midas, who regularly negotiated with Greeks in the west and Assyrians in the east during his reign. Excavations have been conducted at Gordion over the course of the last 60 years, all under the auspices of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. In spite of the economic and political importance of Gordion and the Phrygians, the site is consistently omitted from courses in Old World archaeology, primarily because Gordion lies too far to the west for many Near Eastern archaeologists, and too far to the east for classical archaeologists. Moreover, there is no book that offers a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the material culture of Gordion during the Phrygian period, a gap that will be filled by this volume. The chapters cover all aspects of Gordion's Phrygian settlement topography from the arrival of the Phrygians in the tenth century B.C. through the arrival of Alexander the Great in 333 B.C., focusing on the site's changing topography and the consistently fluctuating interaction between the inhabitants and the landscape. A reexamination of the material culture of Phrygian Gordion is particularly timely, given the dramatic recent changes in the site's chronology, wherein the dates of many discoveries have changed by as much as a century. The authors are among the leading experts in Near Eastern archaeology, historic preservation, paleobotany, and ancient furniture, and their articles highlight the interdisciplinary nature of the Gordion project. A significant component of the book is a new color phase plan of the site that succinctly presents the topography in diachronic perspective.

The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia

Sharon R. Steadman,Gregory McMahon
The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia Book PDF

Author : Sharon R. Steadman,Gregory McMahon
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2011-04-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9780199704477

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The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia by Sharon R. Steadman,Gregory McMahon Pdf

The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia is a unique blend of comprehensive overviews on archaeological, philological, linguistic, and historical issues at the forefront of Anatolian scholarship in the 21st century. Anatolia is home to early complex societies and great empires and was the destination of many migrants, visitors, and invaders. The offerings in this volume bring this reality to life as the chapters unfold nearly ten thousand years (ca. 10,000-323 BCE) of peoples, languages, and diverse cultures who lived in or traversed Anatolia over these millennia. The contributors combine descriptions of current scholarship on important discussion and debates in Anatolian studies with new and cutting edge research for future directions of study. The 54 chapters are presented in five separate sections that range in topic from chronological and geographical overviews to anthropologically-based issues of culture contact and imperial structures and from historical settings of entire millennia to crucial data from key sites across the region. The contributers to the volume represent the best scholars in the field from North America, Europe, Turkey, and Asia. The appearance of this volume offers the very latest collection of studies on the fascinating peninsula known as Anatolia.

Economy of Religions in Anatolia and Northern Syria

Manfred Hutter,Sylvia Hutter-Braunsar
Economy of Religions in Anatolia and Northern Syria Book PDF

Author : Manfred Hutter,Sylvia Hutter-Braunsar
Publisher : Ugarit-Verlag
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2019-10-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783868353150

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Economy of Religions in Anatolia and Northern Syria by Manfred Hutter,Sylvia Hutter-Braunsar Pdf

"Religions" are always costly - one has to give offerings (with material value) to the gods, one has to provide the salary for religious specialists who offer their service for their clients, one has to arrange festivals and liturgies - and of course, one has to provide the material means for building temples or shrines. But these costs also repay - as the gods give health or well-being as reward for the offerings. Even if one can never be absolutely certain about such a reward, one at least might earn social reputation because of one's (financial) involvement in religion. But temples are also economic centres - "employing" (often in close relation to the palace) people as workers, craftsmen or "intellectuals" in different positions whose "costs of living" are supplied by the temple. Individual religious specialists receive payment for their service to cover their own costs of living. Although this might sound "modern", religion and economy were intertwined with each other in ancient society also. For this reason, the papers of this conference volume analyse and discuss how the cults, rituals and institutions in Anatolia in the 2nd and 1st millennium contribute to the economic process in those areas.

A Research Guide to the Ancient World

John M. Weeks,Jason de Medeiros
A Research Guide to the Ancient World Book PDF

Author : John M. Weeks,Jason de Medeiros
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 454 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2014-11-25
Category : History
ISBN : 9781442237407

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A Research Guide to the Ancient World by John M. Weeks,Jason de Medeiros Pdf

A Research Guide to the Ancient World: Print and Electronic Sources is a partially annotated bibliography that covers the study of the ancient world, and closes the traditional subject gap between the humanities and the social sciences in this area of study. This book is the only bibliographic resource available for such holistic coverage.

Agricultural Sustainability and Environmental Change at Ancient Gordion

John M. Marston
Agricultural Sustainability and Environmental Change at Ancient Gordion Book PDF

Author : John M. Marston
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781934536926

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Agricultural Sustainability and Environmental Change at Ancient Gordion by John M. Marston Pdf

This book publishes the results of 220 botanical samples from the 1993-2002 Gordion excavations directed by Mary Voigt. Together with Naomi Miller's 2010 volume (Gordion Special Studies 5), this book completes the publication of botanical samples from Voigt's excavations. The book aims to reconstruct agricultural decision making using archaeological and paleoenvironmental data from Gordion to describe environmental and agricultural changes at the site. John M. Marston argues that different political and economic systems implemented over time at Gordion resulted in patterns of agricultural decision making that were well adapted to the social setting of farmers in each period, but that these practices had divergent environmental impacts, with some regimes sponsoring sustainable agricultural practices and others leading to significant environmental change. The implications of this book are twofold: Gordion will now be one of the best published agricultural datasets from the entire Near East and, thus, serve as a valuable comparable dataset for regional synthesis of agricultural and environmental change, and the methods the author developed to reconstruct agricultural change at Gordion serves as tools to engage questions about the relationship between social and environmental change at sites worldwide. Other books address similar themes but none in the Near East address these themes in diachronic perspective such as we have at Gordion. University Museum Monograph, 145

The Archaeology of Anatolia

Gregory McMahon,Sharon R. Steadman
The Archaeology of Anatolia Book PDF

Author : Gregory McMahon,Sharon R. Steadman
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2015-10-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781443884822

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The Archaeology of Anatolia by Gregory McMahon,Sharon R. Steadman Pdf

This volume brings together the latest reports on archaeological projects, including excavation and survey, from all periods and every region of Anatolia. It is a forum in which scholars present their most recent data to a global audience, allowing for productive engagement with others working in and near Anatolia regarding discoveries and interpretations. The series offers a venue where recently concluded projects may provide an overview of results, often years ahead of the final publication of complete site reports. Published every two years, The Archaeology of Anatolia: Recent Discoveries series is an invaluable vehicle through which working archaeologists may carry out their most critical task: the presentation of their fieldwork and laboratory research in a timely fashion.

The Wooden Carpentry of Roofs in Mediterranean Antiquity

Nicola Ruggieri
The Wooden Carpentry of Roofs in Mediterranean Antiquity Book PDF

Author : Nicola Ruggieri
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2024-04-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781036402389

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The Wooden Carpentry of Roofs in Mediterranean Antiquity by Nicola Ruggieri Pdf

The truss adopts the rational configuration of the non-deformable triangle, optimizing the exploitation of the wooden members’ resistance resources. It is an extremely efficient structural typology that has gone through the centuries in its almost primitive configuration without substantial modifications, for which finding comparisons in the history of construction is difficult. But when was the truss born? This is the first general-interest book to address this question. Using scant but precious ancient literary documentation, the archaeological finds and the iconography of the figurative products that reproduce roofs, the book traces the gradual evolution process of the roof carpentry that led to such an invention. New hypotheses are advanced on the technical achievements of the main Mediterranean civilizations – Egyptian, Minoan and Mycenaean, Phrygian, Etruscan, Greek and Roman – in a broad and ambitious excursion that crosses the whole of Antiquity. The book is accompanied by a rich illustrative apparatus that includes historical and original photographs as well as numerous explanatory drawings.

The Origins of Greek Temple Architecture

Alessandro Pierattini
The Origins of Greek Temple Architecture Book PDF

Author : Alessandro Pierattini
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 351 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2022-09-29
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781108499477

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The Origins of Greek Temple Architecture by Alessandro Pierattini Pdf

This first comprehensive study of pre-Archaic Greek temple architecture combines architecture, society, and material culture.

The Bone and Ivory Objects from Gordion

Phoebe A. Sheftel
The Bone and Ivory Objects from Gordion Book PDF

Author : Phoebe A. Sheftel
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Museum
Page : 585 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2023-07-18
Category : History
ISBN : 9781949057188

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The Bone and Ivory Objects from Gordion by Phoebe A. Sheftel Pdf

Gordion is a paramount site for understanding the culture of central Anatolia over more than 3,000 years, from the Bronze Age to the Medieval period, but is most renowned for its Iron Age horizon, when it was royal capital of the mighty Phrygian kingdom. The hundreds of bone and ivory artifacts excavated at Gordion constitute a highly diverse body of material, and this publication presents one of the largest and most important assemblages of its kind in the Near East. The artifacts give remarkable insight into the tools used in crafts and manufacturing processes, a variety of decorative items, the artistic developments among local craftspeople, as well as indications of trading connections with other regions to the east and west. Ivory was a highly valued material used for decorative pieces in many areas around the eastern Mediterranean. The objects from Gordion are a significant addition to this corpus and illustrate both widely dispersed features common in other contemporary ivory-working centers, as well as the singular motifs and styles that developed in the Phrygian milieu. A unique assemblage of ivory horse trappings from the Early Phrygian Citadel are an important illustration of this cultural confluence. While bone was primarily used for strictly utilitarian objects, there are numerous pieces that show this lowly material could be used for high quality items such as inlays set into the wooden furniture exceptionally attested at Gordion. Even the sheep knuckle bone (astragal), decorated with incised designs and letters, gives a glimpse into the daily life in the community.

The Gordion Excavations, 1950-1973

Elspeth R.M. Dusinberre,Ellen L. Kohler
The Gordion Excavations 1950 1973 Book PDF

Author : Elspeth R.M. Dusinberre,Ellen L. Kohler
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Museum
Page : 760 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2023-08-22
Category : History
ISBN : 9781949057164

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The Gordion Excavations, 1950-1973 by Elspeth R.M. Dusinberre,Ellen L. Kohler Pdf

This volume contains the excavation report for 12 cremation burials from the Phrygian site of Gordion in central Anatolia. These tombs, dating from the later seventh century to the third quarter of the 6th century BCE, were excavated by The University Museum between 1950 and 1969, and by the German brothers Alfred and Gustav Korte in 1900. The processes for interment through construction of tumulus and cremation procedure are carefully detailed, followed by an analysis of associated finds. Two tumuli of the Hellenistic period, both covering stone chambers with inhumation burials within, are included in an appendix. Further appendices discuss other specific materials excavated from the cremation burials. A discussion of the contemporary inhumation and cremation tumulus burials at Gordion in the Phrygian period, highlighting their continuities and significant differences, forms part of the conclusion, as does discussion of sociocultural developments at Gordion between ca. 650-525 BCE as illuminated by the mortuary remains. The tumuli afford insights into questions related to gender, religion, adult/child identity, trade, social status, ethnicity, transcultural affiliations, ceramic developments, jewelry manufacture, high-status artifact display (including ivory), feasting behaviors, animal sacrifice, hero cult, and widespread "killing" of artifacts associated with the cremation burials. This entirely new publication of Gordion's tumuli makes available at last the elite cremation burials of the later Middle and early Late Phrygian (Achaemenid) periods excavated by The University Museum. By including the two Korte tumuli, it provides a complete assemblage of the cremation tumuli at Gordion. They afford remarkable new insights into life, death, and an elaborate system of value at Gordion during this most turbulent century.

Deliciae Fictiles V. Networks and Workshops

Patricia Lulof,Ilaria Manzini,Carlo Rescigno
Deliciae Fictiles V Networks and Workshops Book PDF

Author : Patricia Lulof,Ilaria Manzini,Carlo Rescigno
Publisher : Oxbow Books
Page : 620 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2019-09-16
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781789253139

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Deliciae Fictiles V. Networks and Workshops by Patricia Lulof,Ilaria Manzini,Carlo Rescigno Pdf

Temples are the most prestigious buildings in the urban landscape of ancient Italy, emerging within a network of centres of the then-known Mediterranean world. Notwithstanding the fragmentary condition of the buildings’ remains, these monuments – and especially their richly decorated roofs – are crucial sources of information on the constitution of political, social and craft identities, acting as agents in displaying the meaning of images. The subject of this volume is thematic and includes material from the Eastern Mediterranean (including Greece and Turkey). Contributors discuss the network between patron elites and specialized craft communities that were responsible for the sophisticated terracotta decoration of temples in Italy between 600 and 100 BC, focusing on the mobility of craft people and craft traditions and techniques, asking how images, iconographies, practices and materials can be used to explain the organization of ancient production, distribution and consumption. Special attention has been given to relations with the Eastern Mediterranean (Greece and Anatolia). Investigating craft communities, workshop organizations and networks has never been thoroughly undertaken for this period and region, nor for this exceptionally rich category of materials, or for the craftspeople producing the architectural terracottas. Papers in this volume aim to improve our understanding of roof production and construction in this period, to reveal relationships between main production centres, and to study the possible influences of immigrant craftspeople.

Botanical Aspects of Environment and Economy at Gordion, Turkey

Naomi F. Miller
Botanical Aspects of Environment and Economy at Gordion Turkey Book PDF

Author : Naomi F. Miller
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2011-09-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781934536506

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Botanical Aspects of Environment and Economy at Gordion, Turkey by Naomi F. Miller Pdf

The archaeological site of Gordion is most famous as the home of the Phrygian king Midas and as the place where Alexander the Great cut the Gordian knot on his way to conquer Asia. Located in central Anatolia (present-day Turkey) near the confluence of the Porsuk and Sakarya rivers, Gordion also lies on historic trade routes between east and west as well as north to the Black Sea. Favorably situated for long-distance trade, Gordion's setting is marginal for agricultural cultivation but well suited to pastoral production. It is therefore not surprising that with the exception of a single Chalcolithic site, the earliest settlements in the region are fairly late—they date to the Early Bronze Age (late 3rd millennium B.C.). The earliest known levels of Gordion, too, date to the Early Bronze Age, and occupation of at least some part of the site was nearly continuous through at least Roman times (second half of the 1st century B.C.). This work is a contribution to both the archaeobotany of west Asia and the archaeology of the site of Gordion. The book's major concern is understanding long-term changes in the environment and in land use. An important finding, with implications for modern land management, is that the most sustainable use of this landscape involves mixed farming of dry-farmed cereals, summer-irrigated garden crops, and animal husbandry. The large number of samples from the 1988-89 seasons analyzed here make this a rich source for understanding other materials from the Gordion excavations and for comparison with other sites in west Asia. Content of this book's CD-ROM may be found online at this location: http://core.tdar.org/project/376588. University Museum Monograph, 131

The New Chronology of Iron Age Gordion

C. Brian Rose,Gareth Darbyshire
The New Chronology of Iron Age Gordion Book PDF

Author : C. Brian Rose,Gareth Darbyshire
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2012-05-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781934536551

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The New Chronology of Iron Age Gordion by C. Brian Rose,Gareth Darbyshire Pdf

The New Chronology of Iron Age Gordion argues that the history and archaeology of the site of Gordion, in central Turkey, have been misunderstood since the beginning of its excavation in the 1950s. The first excavation director, Rodney Young, found evidence for substantial destruction during the first decade of fieldwork; this was interpreted as proof that Gordion had been destroyed ca. 700 B.C. by the Kimmerians, a group of invaders from the Caucusus/Black Sea region, as attested in several ancient literary sources. During the last decade, however, renewed research on the archaeological evidence, within, above, and below the destruction level indicated that the catastrophe that destroyed much of Gordion occurred 100 years earlier, in 800 B.C., and was the result of a fire that quickly got out of control rather than a foreign invasion. This discovery requires a reassessment of Anatolian history during the entire first millennium B.C. and has serious implications for our understanding of the surrounding regions, such as Assyria, Syria, Greece, and Urartu, among others. The New Chronology of Iron Age Gordion is the product of a multidisciplinary research program, with dendrochronology and radiocarbon dating working hand in hand with textual and artifact analysis, each of which is treated in a separate chapter in this volume. All of these categories of evidence point to the same conclusion and demonstrate that we need to look at Gordion, and much of the ancient Near East, in a completely new way. University Museum Monograph, 133

The Connected Iron Age

Jonathan M. Hall,James F. Osborne
The Connected Iron Age Book PDF

Author : Jonathan M. Hall,James F. Osborne
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2024-06-28
Category : History
ISBN : 9780226828343

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The Connected Iron Age by Jonathan M. Hall,James F. Osborne Pdf

An interdisciplinary consideration of how eastern Mediterranean cultures in the first millennium BCE were meaningfully connected. The early first millennium BCE marks one of the most culturally diverse periods in the history of the eastern Mediterranean. Surveying the region from Greece to Iraq, one finds a host of cultures and political formations, all distinct, yet all visibly connected in meaningful ways. These include the early polities of Geometric period Greece, the Phrygian kingdom of central Anatolia, the Syro-Anatolian city-states, the seafaring Phoenicians and the biblical Israelites of the southern Levant, Egypt’s Twenty-first through Twenty-fifth Dynasties, the Urartian kingdom of the eastern Anatolian highlands, and the expansionary Neo-Assyrian Empire of northern Mesopotamia. This volume adopts an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the social and political significance of how interregional networks operated within and between Mediterranean cultures during that era.