The Archaeology Of Phrygian Gordion Royal City Of Midas

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The Archaeology of Phrygian Gordion, Royal City of Midas

C. Brian Rose
The Archaeology of Phrygian Gordion Royal City of Midas Book PDF

Author : C. Brian Rose
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781934536599

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The Archaeology of Phrygian Gordion, Royal City of Midas by C. Brian Rose Pdf

Some of the most dramatic new discoveries in Asia Minor have been made at Gordion, the Phrygian capital that controlled much of central Asia Minor for close to two centuries. The most famous ruler of the kingdom was Midas, who regularly negotiated with Greeks in the west and Assyrians in the east during his reign. Excavations have been conducted at Gordion over the course of the last 60 years, all under the auspices of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. In spite of the economic and political importance of Gordion and the Phrygians, the site is consistently omitted from courses in Old World archaeology, primarily because Gordion lies too far to the west for many Near Eastern archaeologists, and too far to the east for classical archaeologists. Moreover, there is no book that offers a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the material culture of Gordion during the Phrygian period, a gap that will be filled by this volume. The chapters cover all aspects of Gordion's Phrygian settlement topography from the arrival of the Phrygians in the tenth century B.C. through the arrival of Alexander the Great in 333 B.C., focusing on the site's changing topography and the consistently fluctuating interaction between the inhabitants and the landscape. A reexamination of the material culture of Phrygian Gordion is particularly timely, given the dramatic recent changes in the site's chronology, wherein the dates of many discoveries have changed by as much as a century. The authors are among the leading experts in Near Eastern archaeology, historic preservation, paleobotany, and ancient furniture, and their articles highlight the interdisciplinary nature of the Gordion project. A significant component of the book is a new color phase plan of the site that succinctly presents the topography in diachronic perspective.

The Archaeology of Midas and the Phrygians

Lisa Kealhofer
The Archaeology of Midas and the Phrygians Book PDF

Author : Lisa Kealhofer
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2011-01-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781934536247

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The Archaeology of Midas and the Phrygians by Lisa Kealhofer Pdf

This book is a succinct and readable account of recent research at Gordion, the ancient capital of Phrygia, long one of the key sites for understanding Iron Age Anatolia. The regional survey at Gordion has involved a range of interdisciplinary studies—archaeological, environmental, and ethnoarchaeological—to produce an unusually comprehensive understanding of how the landscape evolved, the patterns of settlement during the rise and fall of the Phrygian state, and its environmental constraints. With a history of excavation of over a century, Gordion has yielded a vast store of material culture, some of which is spectacular. The Midas tumulus, the architecture of the Phrygian citadel, and the artifacts from several decades of excavations present unique challenges and solutions for conservation methodology. Analyses of these artifacts are providing new insights into the political and economic relationships of this region, particularly from the Early Iron Age to the Roman period. Presenting current work at Gordion contributes to the broader understanding of archaeology across the region and around the world.

From Midas to Cyrus and Other Stories

Catherine M. Draycott,Scott Branting,Joseph W. Lehner,Yasemin Özarslan
From Midas to Cyrus and Other Stories Book PDF

Author : Catherine M. Draycott,Scott Branting,Joseph W. Lehner,Yasemin Özarslan
Publisher : British Institute at Ankara
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2024-01-31
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781912090112

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From Midas to Cyrus and Other Stories by Catherine M. Draycott,Scott Branting,Joseph W. Lehner,Yasemin Özarslan Pdf

The period of Anatolian history between the death of the semi-legendary king Midas of Gordion ca. 700 BC and the advent of the Achaemenid Persian Empire ca. 550 BC is dominated by certain narratives: the rise of the Mermnad Lydian Kingdom, from Gyges to Croesus; the demise of the Urartian Kingdom and ‘Neo-Hittite’-type culture and polities; and the invasion of shadowy forces from the Steppe: Cimmerians, Scythians and Medes. The discoveries of Geoffrey and Francoise Summers’s project at the massive walled city on Kerkenes Da?? have changed the cultural history and texture of Anatolia during this time period, opening up insights into the spread of Phrygian culture and language and inviting further discussion of how the period is framed. This book honors their accomplishments by presenting papers addressing the dynamics and events of that period from various angles, and in various regions and places, as well as other interventions on Iron Age Anatolia, from dating of kings to rare and potentially influential medical techniques. The volume sheds light on and also advocates for further synthesis of the regional dynamics affecting the Mediterranean, Near East and Anatolia together, toward the production of revised, more nuanced narratives.

The Archaeology of Anatolia

Gregory McMahon,Sharon R. Steadman
The Archaeology of Anatolia Book PDF

Author : Gregory McMahon,Sharon R. Steadman
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2015-10-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781443884822

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The Archaeology of Anatolia by Gregory McMahon,Sharon R. Steadman Pdf

This volume brings together the latest reports on archaeological projects, including excavation and survey, from all periods and every region of Anatolia. It is a forum in which scholars present their most recent data to a global audience, allowing for productive engagement with others working in and near Anatolia regarding discoveries and interpretations. The series offers a venue where recently concluded projects may provide an overview of results, often years ahead of the final publication of complete site reports. Published every two years, The Archaeology of Anatolia: Recent Discoveries series is an invaluable vehicle through which working archaeologists may carry out their most critical task: the presentation of their fieldwork and laboratory research in a timely fashion.

Ancient Gordion

Lisa Kealhofer,Peter Grave,Mary Voigt
Ancient Gordion Book PDF

Author : Lisa Kealhofer,Peter Grave,Mary Voigt
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 437 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2022-09-08
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781108787017

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Ancient Gordion by Lisa Kealhofer,Peter Grave,Mary Voigt Pdf

Ancient Gordion has long been recognized as a key Iron Age site for Anatolia and the eastern Mediterranean. Archaeological research has revealed much about its sequence of occupation. However, as yet no study has explored the underlying drivers of political and economic change at this site. This volume presents an overview of the political and economic histories supporting emergent elites and how they constructed power at Gordion during the Iron Age (1200-300 BCE). Based on geochemical and typological analysis of nearly 2000 Late Bronze Age to Hellenistic ceramic samples, the volume contextualizes this primary dataset through the lens of ceramic production, consumption, exchange and emulation. Synthesizing site data sets, the volume more broadly contributes to our understanding of the pivotal role of groups and their economic, social, and ritual practices in the creation of complex societies.

The New Chronology of Iron Age Gordion

C. Brian Rose,Gareth Darbyshire
The New Chronology of Iron Age Gordion Book PDF

Author : C. Brian Rose,Gareth Darbyshire
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2012-05-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781934536551

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The New Chronology of Iron Age Gordion by C. Brian Rose,Gareth Darbyshire Pdf

The New Chronology of Iron Age Gordion argues that the history and archaeology of the site of Gordion, in central Turkey, have been misunderstood since the beginning of its excavation in the 1950s. The first excavation director, Rodney Young, found evidence for substantial destruction during the first decade of fieldwork; this was interpreted as proof that Gordion had been destroyed ca. 700 B.C. by the Kimmerians, a group of invaders from the Caucusus/Black Sea region, as attested in several ancient literary sources. During the last decade, however, renewed research on the archaeological evidence, within, above, and below the destruction level indicated that the catastrophe that destroyed much of Gordion occurred 100 years earlier, in 800 B.C., and was the result of a fire that quickly got out of control rather than a foreign invasion. This discovery requires a reassessment of Anatolian history during the entire first millennium B.C. and has serious implications for our understanding of the surrounding regions, such as Assyria, Syria, Greece, and Urartu, among others. The New Chronology of Iron Age Gordion is the product of a multidisciplinary research program, with dendrochronology and radiocarbon dating working hand in hand with textual and artifact analysis, each of which is treated in a separate chapter in this volume. All of these categories of evidence point to the same conclusion and demonstrate that we need to look at Gordion, and much of the ancient Near East, in a completely new way. University Museum Monograph, 133

The Gordion Excavations, 1950-1973

Elspeth R.M. Dusinberre,Ellen L. Kohler
The Gordion Excavations 1950 1973 Book PDF

Author : Elspeth R.M. Dusinberre,Ellen L. Kohler
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Museum
Page : 760 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2023-08-22
Category : History
ISBN : 9781949057164

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The Gordion Excavations, 1950-1973 by Elspeth R.M. Dusinberre,Ellen L. Kohler Pdf

This volume contains the excavation report for 12 cremation burials from the Phrygian site of Gordion in central Anatolia. These tombs, dating from the later seventh century to the third quarter of the 6th century BCE, were excavated by The University Museum between 1950 and 1969, and by the German brothers Alfred and Gustav Korte in 1900. The processes for interment through construction of tumulus and cremation procedure are carefully detailed, followed by an analysis of associated finds. Two tumuli of the Hellenistic period, both covering stone chambers with inhumation burials within, are included in an appendix. Further appendices discuss other specific materials excavated from the cremation burials. A discussion of the contemporary inhumation and cremation tumulus burials at Gordion in the Phrygian period, highlighting their continuities and significant differences, forms part of the conclusion, as does discussion of sociocultural developments at Gordion between ca. 650-525 BCE as illuminated by the mortuary remains. The tumuli afford insights into questions related to gender, religion, adult/child identity, trade, social status, ethnicity, transcultural affiliations, ceramic developments, jewelry manufacture, high-status artifact display (including ivory), feasting behaviors, animal sacrifice, hero cult, and widespread "killing" of artifacts associated with the cremation burials. This entirely new publication of Gordion's tumuli makes available at last the elite cremation burials of the later Middle and early Late Phrygian (Achaemenid) periods excavated by The University Museum. By including the two Korte tumuli, it provides a complete assemblage of the cremation tumuli at Gordion. They afford remarkable new insights into life, death, and an elaborate system of value at Gordion during this most turbulent century.

The Bone and Ivory Objects from Gordion

Phoebe A. Sheftel
The Bone and Ivory Objects from Gordion Book PDF

Author : Phoebe A. Sheftel
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Museum
Page : 585 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2023-07-18
Category : History
ISBN : 9781949057188

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The Bone and Ivory Objects from Gordion by Phoebe A. Sheftel Pdf

Gordion is a paramount site for understanding the culture of central Anatolia over more than 3,000 years, from the Bronze Age to the Medieval period, but is most renowned for its Iron Age horizon, when it was royal capital of the mighty Phrygian kingdom. The hundreds of bone and ivory artifacts excavated at Gordion constitute a highly diverse body of material, and this publication presents one of the largest and most important assemblages of its kind in the Near East. The artifacts give remarkable insight into the tools used in crafts and manufacturing processes, a variety of decorative items, the artistic developments among local craftspeople, as well as indications of trading connections with other regions to the east and west. Ivory was a highly valued material used for decorative pieces in many areas around the eastern Mediterranean. The objects from Gordion are a significant addition to this corpus and illustrate both widely dispersed features common in other contemporary ivory-working centers, as well as the singular motifs and styles that developed in the Phrygian milieu. A unique assemblage of ivory horse trappings from the Early Phrygian Citadel are an important illustration of this cultural confluence. While bone was primarily used for strictly utilitarian objects, there are numerous pieces that show this lowly material could be used for high quality items such as inlays set into the wooden furniture exceptionally attested at Gordion. Even the sheep knuckle bone (astragal), decorated with incised designs and letters, gives a glimpse into the daily life in the community.

Of Rocks and Water

mŸr Harman?ah
Of Rocks and Water Book PDF

Author : mŸr Harman?ah
Publisher : Oxbow Books
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2014-07-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781782976745

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Of Rocks and Water by mŸr Harman?ah Pdf

People are drawn to places where geology performs its miracles: ice-cold spring waters gushing from the rock, mysterious caves which act as conduits for ancestors and divinities traveling back and forth to the underworld, sacred bodies of water where communities make libations and offer sacrifices. This volume presents a series of archaeological landscapes from the Iranian highlands to the Anatolian Plateau, and from the Mediterranean borderlands to Mesoamerica. Contributors all have a deep interest in the making and the long-term history of unorthodox places of human interaction with the mineral world, specifically the landscapes of rocks and water. Working with rock reliefs, sacred springs and lakes, caves, cairns, ruins and other meaningful places, they draw attention to the need for a rigorous field methodology and theoretical framework for working with such special places. At a time when network models, urban-centered and macro-scale perspectives dominate discussions of ancient landscapes, this unusual volume takes us to remote, unmappable places of cultural practice, social imagination and political appropriation. It offers not only a diverse set of case studies approaching small meaningful places in their special geological grounding, but also suggests new methodologies and interpretive approaches to understand places and the processes of place-making.

Lydian Painted Pottery Abroad

R. Gül Gürtekin-Demir
Lydian Painted Pottery Abroad Book PDF

Author : R. Gül Gürtekin-Demir
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2021-10-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781949057140

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Lydian Painted Pottery Abroad by R. Gül Gürtekin-Demir Pdf

This book is the first major study of Lydian material culture at Gordion and also the first published monograph on Lydian painted pottery from any site excavation. Richly illustrated, it provides a comprehensive definition and analysis of Lydian ceramics based on stylistic, archaeological, and textual evidence, while thoroughly documenting the material's stratigraphic contexts. The book situates the ceramic corpus within its broader Anatolian cultural context and offers insights into the impact of Lydian cultural interfaces at Gordion. The Lydian pottery found at Gordion was largely produced at centers other than Sardis, the Lydian royal capital, although Sardian imports are also well attested and began to influence Gordion's material culture as early as the 7th century BCE, if not before. Following the demise of the Lydian kingdom, a more limited repertoire of Lydian ceramics demonstrably continued in use at Gordion into the Achaemenid Persian period in the late 6th and 5th centuries BCE. The material was excavated by Professor Rodney Young's team between 1950 and 1973 and is fully presented here for the first time. Ongoing research in the decades following Young's excavations has led to a more refined understanding of Gordion's archaeological contexts and chronology, and, consequently, we are now able to view the Lydian ceramic corpus within a more secure stratigraphic framework than would have been the case if the material had been published shortly after the excavations.

Athenian Potters and Painters III

John Oakley
Athenian Potters and Painters III Book PDF

Author : John Oakley
Publisher : Oxbow Books
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2014-08-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9781782976660

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Athenian Potters and Painters III by John Oakley Pdf

Athenian Potters and Painters III presents a rich mass of new material on Greek vases, including finds from excavations at the Kerameikos in Athens and Despotiko in the Cyclades. Some contributions focus on painters or workshops Ð Paseas, the Robinson Group, and the structure of the figured pottery industry in Athens; others on vase forms Ð plates, phialai, cups, and the change in shapes at the end of the sixth century BC. Context, trade, kalos inscriptions, reception, the fabrication of inscribed paintersÕ names to create a fictitious biography, and the reconstruction of the contents of an Etruscan tomb are also explored. The iconography and iconology of various types of figured scenes on Attic pottery serve as the subject of a wide range of papers Ð chariots, dogs, baskets, heads, departures, an Amazonomachy, Menelaus and Helen, red-figure komasts, symposia, and scenes of pursuit. Among the special vases presented are a black spotlight stamnos and a column krater by the Suessula Painter. Athenian Potters and Painters III, the proceedings of an international conference held at the College of William and Mary in Virginia in 2012, will, like the previous two volumes, become a standard reference work in the study of Greek pottery.

The Wooden Carpentry of Roofs in Mediterranean Antiquity

Nicola Ruggieri
The Wooden Carpentry of Roofs in Mediterranean Antiquity Book PDF

Author : Nicola Ruggieri
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2024-04-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781036402389

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The Wooden Carpentry of Roofs in Mediterranean Antiquity by Nicola Ruggieri Pdf

The truss adopts the rational configuration of the non-deformable triangle, optimizing the exploitation of the wooden members’ resistance resources. It is an extremely efficient structural typology that has gone through the centuries in its almost primitive configuration without substantial modifications, for which finding comparisons in the history of construction is difficult. But when was the truss born? This is the first general-interest book to address this question. Using scant but precious ancient literary documentation, the archaeological finds and the iconography of the figurative products that reproduce roofs, the book traces the gradual evolution process of the roof carpentry that led to such an invention. New hypotheses are advanced on the technical achievements of the main Mediterranean civilizations – Egyptian, Minoan and Mycenaean, Phrygian, Etruscan, Greek and Roman – in a broad and ambitious excursion that crosses the whole of Antiquity. The book is accompanied by a rich illustrative apparatus that includes historical and original photographs as well as numerous explanatory drawings.

Etruria and Anatolia

Elizabeth P. Baughan,Lisa C. Pieraccini
Etruria and Anatolia Book PDF

Author : Elizabeth P. Baughan,Lisa C. Pieraccini
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2023-02-28
Category : History
ISBN : 9781009151023

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Etruria and Anatolia by Elizabeth P. Baughan,Lisa C. Pieraccini Pdf

Explores trans-Mediterranean connections between peoples, cultures, and artistic traditions traditionally marginalized by Graeco-Roman bias.

Excavations at the Palatial Complex

Geoffrey Summers
Excavations at the Palatial Complex Book PDF

Author : Geoffrey Summers
Publisher : Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures
Page : 534 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2023-01-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781614910800

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Excavations at the Palatial Complex by Geoffrey Summers Pdf

The city on the Kerkenes Dağ in the high plateau of central Turkey was a new Iron Age capital, very probably Pteria. Founded in the later seventh century BC, the city was put to the torch in the mid-sixth century and then abandoned. Excavations at what we have identified as the Palatial Complex were conducted between 1999 and 2005. The stone glacis supporting the Fortified Structure at the eastern end of the complex was revealed in its entirety while the greater portion of the Monumental Entrance was uncovered. Portions of buildings within the complex were also excavated, notably one-half of the heavily burned Ashlar Building, one corner of the Audience Hall, and parts of other structures. This volume documents as fully as possible the results of those excavations with the exception of sculpture, some bearing Paleo-Phrygian inscription, already published (OIP 135). The location of the complex, its development from foundation to destruction, and its architecture are discussed and illustrated. Within the Monumental Entrance were extraordinary, unexpected, semi-iconic stone idols, and other embellishments that include stone blocks with bolsters, bases for large freestanding wooden columns, and stone plinths. Extensive use was made of iron in combination with timber-framed facades and large double-leafed doors. Objects of gold, silver, copper alloys, and iron attest to former splendor. Organization of the volume is roughly chronological, beginning with the Fortified Structure, and concluding with the Monumental Entrance. Presentation of material culture is organized with an emphasis on context. Specialist chapters report on alphabetic and nonalphabetic graffiti and masons' marks, animal bones among which was found the jawbone of a dolphin, and a Byzantine-period burial. This volume provides further dramatic and surprising new evidence for the power, wealth, and sophistication of an eastward expansion of Phrygian culture exemplified by architecture, cultic imagery, Paleo-Phrygian inscriptions and graffiti, pottery, and artifacts. The brief existence of this extraordinary city, hardly more than one hundred years, together with the excellent stratigraphic context provided by the destruction level, offer an unparalleled window onto the first half of the sixth century BC on the Anatolian Plateau.

The Connected Iron Age

Jonathan M. Hall,James F. Osborne
The Connected Iron Age Book PDF

Author : Jonathan M. Hall,James F. Osborne
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2024-06-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9780226828343

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The Connected Iron Age by Jonathan M. Hall,James F. Osborne Pdf

An interdisciplinary consideration of how eastern Mediterranean cultures in the first millennium BCE were meaningfully connected. The early first millennium BCE marks one of the most culturally diverse periods in the history of the eastern Mediterranean. Surveying the region from Greece to Iraq, one finds a host of cultures and political formations, all distinct, yet all visibly connected in meaningful ways. These include the early polities of Geometric period Greece, the Phrygian kingdom of central Anatolia, the Syro-Anatolian city-states, the seafaring Phoenicians and the biblical Israelites of the southern Levant, Egypt’s Twenty-first through Twenty-fifth Dynasties, the Urartian kingdom of the eastern Anatolian highlands, and the expansionary Neo-Assyrian Empire of northern Mesopotamia. This volume adopts an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the social and political significance of how interregional networks operated within and between Mediterranean cultures during that era.