Individual Participant Data Meta Analysis

Author : Richard D. Riley,Jayne F. Tierney,Lesley A. Stewart
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 38 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2021-06-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781119333722

Get Book

Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis by Richard D. Riley,Jayne F. Tierney,Lesley A. Stewart Pdf

Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis: A Handbook for Healthcare Research provides a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental principles and methods that healthcare researchers need when considering, conducting or using individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis projects. Written and edited by researchers with substantial experience in the field, the book details key concepts and practical guidance for each stage of an IPD meta-analysis project, alongside illustrated examples and summary learning points. Split into five parts, the book chapters take the reader through the journey from initiating and planning IPD projects to obtaining, checking, and meta-analysing IPD, and appraising and reporting findings. The book initially focuses on the synthesis of IPD from randomised trials to evaluate treatment effects, including the evaluation of participant-level effect modifiers (treatment-covariate interactions). Detailed extension is then made to specialist topics such as diagnostic test accuracy, prognostic factors, risk prediction models, and advanced statistical topics such as multivariate and network meta-analysis, power calculations, and missing data. Intended for a broad audience, the book will enable the reader to: Understand the advantages of the IPD approach and decide when it is needed over a conventional systematic review Recognise the scope, resources and challenges of IPD meta-analysis projects Appreciate the importance of a multi-disciplinary project team and close collaboration with the original study investigators Understand how to obtain, check, manage and harmonise IPD from multiple studies Examine risk of bias (quality) of IPD and minimise potential biases throughout the project Understand fundamental statistical methods for IPD meta-analysis, including two-stage and one-stage approaches (and their differences), and statistical software to implement them Clearly report and disseminate IPD meta-analyses to inform policy, practice and future research Critically appraise existing IPD meta-analysis projects Address specialist topics such as effect modification, multiple correlated outcomes, multiple treatment comparisons, non-linear relationships, test accuracy at multiple thresholds, multiple imputation, and developing and validating clinical prediction models Detailed examples and case studies are provided throughout.

Author : Jos W. R. Twisk
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2019-04-18
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781108480574

Get Book

Applied Mixed Model Analysis by Jos W. R. Twisk Pdf

Emphasizing interpretation of results, this hands-on guide explains why, when, and how to use mixed models with your data.

Author : Julian P. T. Higgins,Sally Green
Publisher : Wiley
Page : 672 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2008-11-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0470699515

Get Book

Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions by Julian P. T. Higgins,Sally Green Pdf

Healthcare providers, consumers, researchers and policy makers are inundated with unmanageable amounts of information, including evidence from healthcare research. It has become impossible for all to have the time and resources to find, appraise and interpret this evidence and incorporate it into healthcare decisions. Cochrane Reviews respond to this challenge by identifying, appraising and synthesizing research-based evidence and presenting it in a standardized format, published in The Cochrane Library (www.thecochranelibrary.com). The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions contains methodological guidance for the preparation and maintenance of Cochrane intervention reviews. Written in a clear and accessible format, it is the essential manual for all those preparing, maintaining and reading Cochrane reviews. Many of the principles and methods described here are appropriate for systematic reviews applied to other types of research and to systematic reviews of interventions undertaken by others. It is hoped therefore that this book will be invaluable to all those who want to understand the role of systematic reviews, critically appraise published reviews or perform reviews themselves.

Author : Sanjay Patole
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 189 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2021-06-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030719210

Get Book

Principles and Practice of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis by Sanjay Patole Pdf

Evidence based medicine is at the core of modern medicine. It involves the integration of individual clinical expertise with the best available clinical evidence from systematic research and patient's values and expectations. Systematic reviews offer a summary of the best available evidence. They are the most reliable and comprehensive statement about what works. Written by clinical academics from Australia, UK, USA, and Switzerland, this contributed volume introduces the readers to the principles and practice of systematic reviews and meta-analysis. It covers the various steps involved in systematic reviews including development of a focused question and the strategy for conducting a comprehensive literature search, identifying studies addressing the underlying question, assessment of heterogeneity and the risk of bias in the included studies, data extraction, and the approach to meta-analysis. Crucial issues such as selecting the model for meta-analysis, generating and interpreting forest plots, assessing the risk of publication bias, cautions in the interpretation of subgroup and sensitivity analyses, rating certainty of the evidence using GRADE guideline, and standardized reporting of meta-analysis (PRISMA) are covered in detail. Every attempt is made to keep the narrative simple and clear. Mathematical formulae are avoided as much as possible. While the focus of this book is on systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCTs), the gold standard of clinical research, the essentials of systematic reviews of non-RCTs, diagnostic test accuracy studies, animal studies, individual participant data meta-analysis, and network meta-analysis are also covered. Readers from all faculties of medicine will enjoy this comprehensive and reader friendly book to understand the principles and practice of systematic reviews and meta-analysis for guiding their clinical practice and research.

Author : Terri Pigott
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 166 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2012-01-31
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781461422778

Get Book

Advances in Meta-Analysis by Terri Pigott Pdf

The subject of the book is advanced statistical analyses for quantitative research synthesis (meta-analysis), and selected practical issues relating to research synthesis that are not covered in detail in the many existing introductory books on research synthesis (or meta-analysis). Complex statistical issues are arising more frequently as the primary research that is summarized in quantitative syntheses itself becomes more complex, and as researchers who are conducting meta-analyses become more ambitious in the questions they wish to address. Also as researchers have gained more experience in conducting research syntheses, several key issues have persisted and now appear fundamental to the enterprise of summarizing research. Specifically the book describes multivariate analyses for several indices commonly used in meta-analysis (e.g., correlations, effect sizes, proportions and/or odds ratios), will outline how to do power analysis for meta-analysis (again for each of the different kinds of study outcome indices), and examines issues around research quality and research design and their roles in synthesis. For each of the statistical topics we will examine the different possible statistical models (i.e., fixed, random, and mixed models) that could be adopted by a researcher. In dealing with the issues of study quality and research design it covers a number of specific topics that are of broad concern to research synthesists. In many fields a current issue is how to make sense of results when studies using several different designs appear in a research literature (e.g., Morris & Deshon, 1997, 2002). In education and other social sciences a critical aspect of this issue is how one might incorporate qualitative (e.g., case study) research within a synthesis. In medicine, related issues concern whether and how to summarize observational studies, and whether they should be combined with randomized controlled trials (or even if they should be combined at all). For each topic, included is a worked example (e.g., for the statistical analyses) and/or a detailed description of a published research synthesis that deals with the practical (non-statistical) issues covered.

Author : Christopher H. Schmid,Theo Stijnen,Ian White
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 570 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2020-09-07
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781498703994

Get Book

Handbook of Meta-Analysis by Christopher H. Schmid,Theo Stijnen,Ian White Pdf

1. Provides a comprehensive overview of meta-analysis methods and applications. 2. Divided into four major sub-topics, covering univariate meta-analysis, multivariate, applications and policy. 3. Designed to be suitable for graduate students and researchers new to the field. 4. Includes lots of real examples, with data and software code made available. 5. Chapters written by the leading researchers in the field.

Author : Mathias Harrer,Pim Cuijpers,Toshi A. Furukawa,David D. Ebert
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 500 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2021-09-15
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781000435634

Get Book

Doing Meta-Analysis with R by Mathias Harrer,Pim Cuijpers,Toshi A. Furukawa,David D. Ebert Pdf

Doing Meta-Analysis with R: A Hands-On Guide serves as an accessible introduction on how meta-analyses can be conducted in R. Essential steps for meta-analysis are covered, including calculation and pooling of outcome measures, forest plots, heterogeneity diagnostics, subgroup analyses, meta-regression, methods to control for publication bias, risk of bias assessments and plotting tools. Advanced but highly relevant topics such as network meta-analysis, multi-three-level meta-analyses, Bayesian meta-analysis approaches and SEM meta-analysis are also covered. A companion R package, dmetar, is introduced at the beginning of the guide. It contains data sets and several helper functions for the meta and metafor package used in the guide. The programming and statistical background covered in the book are kept at a non-expert level, making the book widely accessible. Features • Contains two introductory chapters on how to set up an R environment and do basic imports/manipulations of meta-analysis data, including exercises • Describes statistical concepts clearly and concisely before applying them in R • Includes step-by-step guidance through the coding required to perform meta-analyses, and a companion R package for the book

Author : Hannah R. Rothstein,Alexander J. Sutton,Michael Borenstein
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2006-02-03
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780470870150

Get Book

Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis by Hannah R. Rothstein,Alexander J. Sutton,Michael Borenstein Pdf

Publication bias is the tendency to decide to publish a study based on the results of the study, rather than on the basis of its theoretical or methodological quality. It can arise from selective publication of favorable results, or of statistically significant results. This threatens the validity of conclusions drawn from reviews of published scientific research. Meta-analysis is now used in numerous scientific disciplines, summarizing quantitative evidence from multiple studies. If the literature being synthesised has been affected by publication bias, this in turn biases the meta-analytic results, potentially producing overstated conclusions. Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis examines the different types of publication bias, and presents the methods for estimating and reducing publication bias, or eliminating it altogether. Written by leading experts, adopting a practical and multidisciplinary approach. Provides comprehensive coverage of the topic including: Different types of publication bias, Mechanisms that may induce them, Empirical evidence for their existence, Statistical methods to address them, Ways in which they can be avoided. Features worked examples and common data sets throughout. Explains and compares all available software used for analysing and reducing publication bias. Accompanied by a website featuring software, data sets and further material. Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis adopts an inter-disciplinary approach and will make an excellent reference volume for any researchers and graduate students who conduct systematic reviews or meta-analyses. University and medical libraries, as well as pharmaceutical companies and government regulatory agencies, will also find this invaluable.

Author : Suzanne Claire Freeman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1166843992

Get Book

One-step Individual Participant Data Network Meta-analysis of Time-to-event Data by Suzanne Claire Freeman Pdf

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Strategies for Responsible Sharing of Clinical Trial Data
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2015-04-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309316323

Get Book

Sharing Clinical Trial Data by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Strategies for Responsible Sharing of Clinical Trial Data Pdf

Data sharing can accelerate new discoveries by avoiding duplicative trials, stimulating new ideas for research, and enabling the maximal scientific knowledge and benefits to be gained from the efforts of clinical trial participants and investigators. At the same time, sharing clinical trial data presents risks, burdens, and challenges. These include the need to protect the privacy and honor the consent of clinical trial participants; safeguard the legitimate economic interests of sponsors; and guard against invalid secondary analyses, which could undermine trust in clinical trials or otherwise harm public health. Sharing Clinical Trial Data presents activities and strategies for the responsible sharing of clinical trial data. With the goal of increasing scientific knowledge to lead to better therapies for patients, this book identifies guiding principles and makes recommendations to maximize the benefits and minimize risks. This report offers guidance on the types of clinical trial data available at different points in the process, the points in the process at which each type of data should be shared, methods for sharing data, what groups should have access to data, and future knowledge and infrastructure needs. Responsible sharing of clinical trial data will allow other investigators to replicate published findings and carry out additional analyses, strengthen the evidence base for regulatory and clinical decisions, and increase the scientific knowledge gained from investments by the funders of clinical trials. The recommendations of Sharing Clinical Trial Data will be useful both now and well into the future as improved sharing of data leads to a stronger evidence base for treatment. This book will be of interest to stakeholders across the spectrum of research--from funders, to researchers, to journals, to physicians, and ultimately, to patients.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Standards for Systematic Reviews of Comparative Effectiveness Research
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 267 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2011-07-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309164252

Get Book

Finding What Works in Health Care by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Standards for Systematic Reviews of Comparative Effectiveness Research Pdf

Healthcare decision makers in search of reliable information that compares health interventions increasingly turn to systematic reviews for the best summary of the evidence. Systematic reviews identify, select, assess, and synthesize the findings of similar but separate studies, and can help clarify what is known and not known about the potential benefits and harms of drugs, devices, and other healthcare services. Systematic reviews can be helpful for clinicians who want to integrate research findings into their daily practices, for patients to make well-informed choices about their own care, for professional medical societies and other organizations that develop clinical practice guidelines. Too often systematic reviews are of uncertain or poor quality. There are no universally accepted standards for developing systematic reviews leading to variability in how conflicts of interest and biases are handled, how evidence is appraised, and the overall scientific rigor of the process. In Finding What Works in Health Care the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends 21 standards for developing high-quality systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research. The standards address the entire systematic review process from the initial steps of formulating the topic and building the review team to producing a detailed final report that synthesizes what the evidence shows and where knowledge gaps remain. Finding What Works in Health Care also proposes a framework for improving the quality of the science underpinning systematic reviews. This book will serve as a vital resource for both sponsors and producers of systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research.

Author : Larry V. Hedges,Ingram Olkin
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2014-06-28
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780080570655

Get Book

Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis by Larry V. Hedges,Ingram Olkin Pdf

The main purpose of this book is to address the statistical issues for integrating independent studies. There exist a number of papers and books that discuss the mechanics of collecting, coding, and preparing data for a meta-analysis , and we do not deal with these. Because this book concerns methodology, the content necessarily is statistical, and at times mathematical. In order to make the material accessible to a wider audience, we have not provided proofs in the text. Where proofs are given, they are placed as commentary at the end of a chapter. These can be omitted at the discretion of the reader. Throughout the book we describe computational procedures whenever required. Many computations can be completed on a hand calculator, whereas some require the use of a standard statistical package such as SAS, SPSS, or BMD. Readers with experience using a statistical package or who conduct analyses such as multiple regression or analysis of variance should be able to carry out the analyses described with the aid of a statistical package.

Author : Evangelos Evangelou,Areti Angeliki Veroniki
Publisher : Humana
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2022-10-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 1071615688

Get Book

Meta-Research by Evangelos Evangelou,Areti Angeliki Veroniki Pdf

This volume presents state-of-the art design, analysis and integration approaches for biomedical data including novel statistical models for a comprehensive and powerful synthesis and assessment of scientific evidence. Chapters detail principles of systematic reviews, semi-automated tools for systematic searches, fixed- and random-effects meta-analytical models, living systematic reviews, meta-analysis of genetic studies, meta-analysis of pragmatic and explanatory trials, network meta-analysis, and other modern approaches for data synthesis. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, the Meta- Research: Methods and Protocols book, written by global experts, will introduce the reader in a step-by-step process to the methods of the vital and highly promising field of evidence synthesis.

Author : Salvatore J. Babones
Publisher : Policy Press
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Electronic books
ISBN : 1847423205

Get Book

Social Inequality and Public Health by Salvatore J. Babones Pdf

This book brings together the latest research findings from some of the most respected medical and social scientists in the world, surveying four pathways to understanding the social determinants of health.

Author : Michael Borenstein,Larry V. Hedges,Julian P. T. Higgins,Hannah R. Rothstein
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2011-08-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781119964377

Get Book

Introduction to Meta-Analysis by Michael Borenstein,Larry V. Hedges,Julian P. T. Higgins,Hannah R. Rothstein Pdf

This book provides a clear and thorough introduction to meta-analysis, the process of synthesizing data from a series of separate studies. Meta-analysis has become a critically important tool in fields as diverse as medicine, pharmacology, epidemiology, education, psychology, business, and ecology. Introduction to Meta-Analysis: Outlines the role of meta-analysis in the research process Shows how to compute effects sizes and treatment effects Explains the fixed-effect and random-effects models for synthesizing data Demonstrates how to assess and interpret variation in effect size across studies Clarifies concepts using text and figures, followed by formulas and examples Explains how to avoid common mistakes in meta-analysis Discusses controversies in meta-analysis Features a web site with additional material and exercises A superb combination of lucid prose and informative graphics, written by four of the world’s leading experts on all aspects of meta-analysis. Borenstein, Hedges, Higgins, and Rothstein provide a refreshing departure from cookbook approaches with their clear explanations of the what and why of meta-analysis. The book is ideal as a course textbook or for self-study. My students, who used pre-publication versions of some of the chapters, raved about the clarity of the explanations and examples. David Rindskopf, Distinguished Professor of Educational Psychology, City University of New York, Graduate School and University Center, & Editor of the Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics. The approach taken by Introduction to Meta-analysis is intended to be primarily conceptual, and it is amazingly successful at achieving that goal. The reader can comfortably skip the formulas and still understand their application and underlying motivation. For the more statistically sophisticated reader, the relevant formulas and worked examples provide a superb practical guide to performing a meta-analysis. The book provides an eclectic mix of examples from education, social science, biomedical studies, and even ecology. For anyone considering leading a course in meta-analysis, or pursuing self-directed study, Introduction to Meta-analysis would be a clear first choice. Jesse A. Berlin, ScD Introduction to Meta-Analysis is an excellent resource for novices and experts alike. The book provides a clear and comprehensive presentation of all basic and most advanced approaches to meta-analysis. This book will be referenced for decades. Michael A. McDaniel, Professor of Human Resources and Organizational Behavior, Virginia Commonwealth University