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Individualism and Collectivism by Ŭi-ch'ŏl Kim,Uichol Kim Pdf
Individualism and collectivism has become one of the major issues in comparisons between societies in cross-cultural psychology. Scholars seek to explain why some societies focus on the collective nature of social obligation while traditional Western psychology focuses on the primacy of the individual. In this volume, contributors address the individualism//collectivism issue from a variety of perspectives, examining its theoretical underpinnings and current trends, the latest research on this topic, and the social and practice implications of our understanding of this dimension of human activity. A Foreword by Geert Hofstede, who conducted the original research on this topic, provides a context for the other contributions.
Individualism And Collectivism by Harry C Triandis Pdf
This book explores the constructs of collectivism and individualism and the wide-ranging implications of individualism and collectivism for political, social, religious, and economic life, drawing on examples from Japan, Sweden, China, Greece, Russia, the United States, and other countries.
America''s most renowned social philosopher John Dewey shines his powerful intellect on the serious public and cultural issues surrounding the place of the individual in a technologically advanced society. In this penetrating study, he addresses the fear that personal creative potential will be trampled by assembly-line monotony, political bureaucracy, and an industrialized culture of uniformity. Armed with his pragmatic approach and his belief in the power of critical intelligence, Dewey argues that individualism has in fact been offered a uniquely higher plane of technological development upon which to grow, mature, and redefine itself.
Use Your Difference to Make a Difference by Tayo Rockson Pdf
Become more culturally competent in an increasingly diverse world Recent years have seen dramatic changes to several institutions worldwide. Our increasingly interconnected, digitized, and globalized world presents immense opportunities and unique challenges. Modern businesses and schools interact with individuals and organizations from a diverse range of cultural and national backgrounds—increasing the likelihood for miscommunication, errors in strategy, and unintended consequences in the process. This has also spilled into our daily lives and the way we consume information today. Understanding how to navigate these and other pitfalls requires adaptability, nuanced cross-cultural communication, and effective conflict resolution. Use Your Difference to Make a Difference provides readers with a skills-based, actionable plan that transforms differences into agents of inclusiveness, connection, and mutual understanding. This innovative and timely guide illustrates how to leverage differences to move beyond unconscious biases, manage a culturally-diverse workplace, create an environment for more tolerant schooling environments, more trusted media, communicate across borders, find and retain diverse talent, and bridge the gap between working locally and expanding globally. Expert guidance on a comprehensive range of topics—teamwork, leadership styles, information sharing, delegation, supervision, giving and receiving feedback, coaching and motivation, recruiting, managing suppliers and customers, and more—helps you manage the essential aspects of international relationships and cultural awareness. This valuable resource contains the indispensable knowledge required to: Develop self-awareness needed to be a cross-cultural communicator Develop content, messaging techniques, marketing plans, and business strategies that translate across cultural borders Help your employees to better understand and collaborate with clients and colleagues from different backgrounds Help teachers build safe environments for students to be themselves Strengthen cross-cultural competencies in yourself, your team, and your entire organization Understand the cultural, economic, and political factors surrounding our world Use Your Difference to Make a Difference is a must-have resource for any educator, parent, leader, manager, or team member of an organization that interacts with co-workers and customers from diverse cultural backgrounds.
The Real Culture War by Gerard Michael Emershaw Pdf
In his book Culture Warrior, Bill O'Reilly--the host of the Fox News Channel show "The O'Reilly Factor"--incorrectly characterizes the Culture War as a social, political, and intellectual struggle between "traditionalists" and "secular-progressives." THE REAL CULTURE WAR analyzes, dissects, and discredits Bill O'Reilly's conception of the Culture War and argues that he gets it all wrong. His "traditionalism" and "secular-progressivism" are merely two heads of the same collectivist beast. THE REAL CULTURE WAR pits Individualism versus Collectivism. Individualism states that human beings have intrinsic value and possess the natural rights to life, liberty, and property. This view was held by the Founding Fathers. Collectivism states that human beings only have value in virtue of their relationship to the collective. This view was held by the "Philosopher-Kings" (PKs)--tyrannical leaders who view themselves as enlightened and exempt themselves from the draconian laws they force upon others. PKs discussed in THE REAL CULTURE WAR include Mussolini, Hitler, Stalin, and Mao as well as American leaders Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, Herbert Hoover, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Al Gore, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama. The intellectual, historical, and empirical foundations of Individualism and Collectivism are examined, and it is argued that logic and reason establish that Individualism is the superior worldview because Individualism naturally leads to peace, prosperity, and freedom whereas Collectivism invariably leads to war, poverty, and tyranny. Specific formulations of Collectivism--Communism, Fascism/Nazism, Progressivism, Environmentalism, Neoconservatism, Racism, Religionism, Corporatism, and Labor Unionism--are fully exposed and critiqued. Next, an alternate conception of government in the form of the Individualist State is developed and defended while building the "Night-Watchman State" from first principles. Within this "Minarchist State" is a system of taxation which provides a justifiable connection between the tax paid by the people in order to maintain the State whose duty it is to defend the natural rights of the people. These natural rights--life, liberty, and property--are each examined in depth and controversial issues related to them are analyzed fully in order to present philosophically sound solutions. Additionally, the structure and functions of the three branches of government--Executive, Legislative, and Judicial--of the Individualist State are explained, and it is demonstrated that the form of government written into the Constitution is a "Night-Watchman State" similar to the Individualist State. Later, modern threats to Individualism--the economic tyranny of the Federal Reserve, the globalism of the New World Order, and the collectivist Neo-Progressivism of President Barack Obama--within the United States are described in detail. Finally, a five-step plan of action is revealed for what individualists can do to win the Real Culture War.
Balancing Individualism and Collectivism by Janet McIntyre-Mills,Norma Romm,Yvonne Corcoran-Nantes Pdf
This book addresses the social and environmental justice challenge to live sustainably and well. It considers the consequences of our social, economic and environmental policy and governance decisions for this generation and the next. The book tests out ways to improve representation, accountability and re-generation. It addresses the need to take into account the ethical implications of policy and governance decisions in the short, medium and long term based on testing out the implications for self, other and the environment. This book recognizes the negative impact that humans have had on the Earth’s ecosystem and recommends a less anthropocentric way of looking at policies and governance. The chapters discuss the geologic impact that people have had on the globe, both positive and negative, and brings awareness to the anthropocentric interventions that have influenced life on Earth during the Holocene era. Based on these observations, the authors discuss original ideas and critical reviews on ways to govern those who interpret the world in terms of human values and experience, and to conduct an egalitarian lifestyle. These ideas address the growing rise in the size of the ecological footprints of some at the expense of the majority, the growth in unsustainable food choices and of displaced people, and the need for a new sense of relationship with nature and other animals, among other issues. The chapters included in Balancing Individualism and Collectivism: Social and Environmental Justice encourage readers to challenge the sustainability agenda of the anthropocentric life. Proposed solutions to these unsustainable actions include structuralized interventions and volunteerism through encouragement and education, with a focus on protecting current and future generations of life through new governmental etiquette and human cognizance.
The Handbook of Culture and Psychology by David Matsumoto Pdf
This book provides a state of the art review of selected areas and topics in cross-cultural psychology written by eminent figures in the field. Each chapter not only reviews the latest research in its respective area, but also goes further in integrating and synthesizing across areas. The Handbook of Culture and Psychology is a unique and timely contribution that should serve as a valuable reference and guide for beginning researchers and scholars alike.
Culturally Responsive Teaching and The Brain by Zaretta Hammond Pdf
A bold, brain-based teaching approach to culturally responsive instruction To close the achievement gap, diverse classrooms need a proven framework for optimizing student engagement. Culturally responsive instruction has shown promise, but many teachers have struggled with its implementation—until now. In this book, Zaretta Hammond draws on cutting-edge neuroscience research to offer an innovative approach for designing and implementing brain-compatible culturally responsive instruction. The book includes: Information on how one’s culture programs the brain to process data and affects learning relationships Ten “key moves” to build students’ learner operating systems and prepare them to become independent learners Prompts for action and valuable self-reflection
The Parasite-Stress Theory of Values and Sociality by Randy Thornhill,Corey L. Fincher Pdf
This book develops and tests an ecological and evolutionary theory of the causes of human values—the core beliefs that guide people’s cognition and behavior—and their variation across time and space around the world. We call this theory the parasite-stress theory of values or the parasite-stress theory of sociality. The evidence we present in our book indicates that both a wide span of human affairs and major aspects of human cultural diversity can be understood in light of variable parasite (infectious disease) stress and the range of value systems evoked by variable parasite stress. The same evidence supports the hypothesis that people have psychological adaptations that function to adopt values dependent upon local infectious-disease adversity. The authors have identified key variables, variation in infectious disease adversity and in the core values it evokes, for understanding these topics and in novel and encompassing ways. Although the human species is the focus in the book, evidence presented in the book shows that the parasite-stress theory of sociality informs other topics in ecology and evolutionary biology such as variable family organization and speciation processes and biological diversity in general in non-human animals.
Individualism and Collectivism by Ŭi-ch'ŏl Kim,Uichol Kim Pdf
Individualism and collectivism has become one of the major issues in comparisons between societies in cross-cultural psychology. Scholars seek to explain why some societies focus on the collective nature of social obligation while traditional Western psychology focuses on the primacy of the individual. In this volume, contributors address the individualism//collectivism issue from a variety of perspectives, examining its theoretical underpinnings and current trends, the latest research on this topic, and the social and practice implications of our understanding of this dimension of human activity. A Foreword by Geert Hofstede, who conducted the original research on this topic, provides a context for the other contributions.
School Bullying in Different Cultures by Peter K. Smith,Keumjoo Kwak,Yuichi Toda Pdf
School bullying is recognized as an international problem, but publications have focussed on the Western tradition of research. This is the first volume to bring together perspectives on school bullying from a range of Eastern as well as Western countries, covering basic findings, direct comparisons, explanations and implications for intervention.
A celebrated social psychologist offers a radical new perspective on cultural differences that reveals why some countries, cultures, and individuals take rules more seriously and how following the rules influences the way we think and act. In Rule Makers, Rule Breakers, Michele Gelfand, “an engaging writer with intellectual range” (The New York Times Book Review), takes us on an epic journey through human cultures, offering a startling new view of the world and ourselves. With a mix of brilliantly conceived studies and surprising on-the-ground discoveries, she shows that much of the diversity in the way we think and act derives from a key difference—how tightly or loosely we adhere to social norms. Just as DNA affects everything from eye color to height, our tight-loose social coding influences much of what we do. Why are clocks in Germany so accurate while those in Brazil are frequently wrong? Why do New Zealand’s women have the highest number of sexual partners? Why are red and blue states really so divided? Why was the Daimler-Chrysler merger ill-fated from the start? Why is the driver of a Jaguar more likely to run a red light than the driver of a plumber’s van? Why does one spouse prize running a tight ship while the other refuses to sweat the small stuff? In search of a common answer, Gelfand spent two decades conducting research in more than fifty countries. Across all age groups, family variations, social classes, businesses, states, and nationalities, she has identified a primal pattern that can trigger cooperation or conflict. Her fascinating conclusion: behavior is highly influenced by the perception of threat. “A useful and engaging take on human behavior” (Kirkus Reviews) with an approach that is consistently riveting, Rule Makers, Ruler Breakers thrusts many of the puzzling attitudes and actions we observe into sudden and surprising clarity.
The root cause of contemporary American psychological and social disorders, argues William Donohue in this major new book, is the dominant culture's embracement of a fraudulent conception of freedom. In fact, the tension between an individual liberty without limits and the social need for civility and community has created havoc in the lives of many Americans.Conventional wisdom about the nature of freedom is characterized by both the uncoupling of a concept of rights from a concept of responsibilities and by an overweening doctrine of moral neutrality. This preoccupation with individual liberty, to the neglect of other competing values, has left a trail of social discord that will be difficult to redress. Constraint of any kind is now seen as the enemy of liberty, and all that limits or burdens the individual in any way is seen as anathema to freedom.The New Freedom critically examines how this new concept of freedom developed historically and why it exploded on the American scene in the 1960s. Its impact on the deepest recesses of American society, including marriage, the family, sexuality, the schools, the churches, and the criminal justice system, are fully explored. The costs have been high. Information on the psychological and social health of Americans suggests that all is not well. But the ultimate cost, says Qonohue, may be the ultimate failure of liberty, as the fraudulent new freedom collides with the human need for community.Sure to be controversial, The New Freedom will provide policymakers, social scientists, and specialists in the family, education, and religion a compelling new perspective on old questions. The book will also appeal to general readers who seek to understand the root causes of the nation's unprecedented volume of social and psychological problems.