Inefficiency Of Monetary Policies In The U S And U K To Address Recent Financial Developments

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Inefficiency of Monetary Policies in the U.S and U.K to Address Recent Financial Developments

Caroline Mutuku
Inefficiency of Monetary Policies in the U S and U K to Address Recent Financial Developments Book PDF

Author : Caroline Mutuku
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 6 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2018-07-10
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783668746473

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Inefficiency of Monetary Policies in the U.S and U.K to Address Recent Financial Developments by Caroline Mutuku Pdf

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Economics - Finance, grade: 1.6, , language: English, abstract: Monetary policy refers to operations of regulatory authorities or central banks aimed at formulating the size as well as the rate of growth of the money supply. Usually, each country establishes a statutory financial institution with legal mandates to develop monetary policy as well as formulating appropriate monetary implementation strategies. The major role of any monetary authority is to control the country’s money supply. The country’s monetary authority is in charge of promoting economic growth and stability. As such, it deals with interest rates matters with the principal objective of establishing stable commodity prices as well as maintaining low rates of unemployment. However, it is important to note that monetary policy is different from the fiscal policy. Monetary policy controls the country’s supply of money whereas fiscal policy deals with taxation, money borrowing as well as government expenditure .

The Federal Reserve System Purposes and Functions

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
The Federal Reserve System Purposes and Functions Book PDF

Author : Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Banks and Banking
ISBN : 0894991965

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The Federal Reserve System Purposes and Functions by Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Pdf

Provides an in-depth overview of the Federal Reserve System, including information about monetary policy and the economy, the Federal Reserve in the international sphere, supervision and regulation, consumer and community affairs and services offered by Reserve Banks. Contains several appendixes, including a brief explanation of Federal Reserve regulations, a glossary of terms, and a list of additional publications.

Monetary Policy Strategy

Frederic S. Mishkin
Monetary Policy Strategy Book PDF

Author : Frederic S. Mishkin
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 561 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2009-08-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780262513371

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Monetary Policy Strategy by Frederic S. Mishkin Pdf

A leading academic authority and policymaker discusses monetary policy strategy from the perspectives of both scholar and practitioner, offering theory, econometric evidence, and extensive case studies. This book by a leading authority on monetary policy offers a unique view of the subject from the perspectives of both scholar and practitioner. Frederic Mishkin is not only an academic expert in the field but also a high-level policymaker. He is especially well positioned to discuss the changes in the conduct of monetary policy in recent years, in particular the turn to inflation targeting. Monetary Policy Strategy describes his work over the last ten years, offering published papers, new introductory material, and a summing up, “Everything You Wanted to Know about Monetary Policy Strategy, But Were Afraid to Ask,” which reflects on what we have learned about monetary policy over the last thirty years. Mishkin blends theory, econometric evidence, and extensive case studies of monetary policy in advanced and emerging market and transition economies. Throughout, his focus is on these key areas: the importance of price stability and a nominal anchor; fiscal and financial preconditions for achieving price stability; central bank independence as an additional precondition; central bank accountability; the rationale for inflation targeting; the optimal inflation target; central bank transparency and communication; and the role of asset prices in monetary policy.

Powering the Digital Economy: Opportunities and Risks of Artificial Intelligence in Finance

El Bachir Boukherouaa,Mr. Ghiath Shabsigh,Khaled AlAjmi,Jose Deodoro,Aquiles Farias,Ebru S Iskender,Mr. Alin T Mirestean,Rangachary Ravikumar
Powering the Digital Economy Opportunities and Risks of Artificial Intelligence in Finance Book PDF

Author : El Bachir Boukherouaa,Mr. Ghiath Shabsigh,Khaled AlAjmi,Jose Deodoro,Aquiles Farias,Ebru S Iskender,Mr. Alin T Mirestean,Rangachary Ravikumar
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 35 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2021-10-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781589063952

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Powering the Digital Economy: Opportunities and Risks of Artificial Intelligence in Finance by El Bachir Boukherouaa,Mr. Ghiath Shabsigh,Khaled AlAjmi,Jose Deodoro,Aquiles Farias,Ebru S Iskender,Mr. Alin T Mirestean,Rangachary Ravikumar Pdf

This paper discusses the impact of the rapid adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in the financial sector. It highlights the benefits these technologies bring in terms of financial deepening and efficiency, while raising concerns about its potential in widening the digital divide between advanced and developing economies. The paper advances the discussion on the impact of this technology by distilling and categorizing the unique risks that it could pose to the integrity and stability of the financial system, policy challenges, and potential regulatory approaches. The evolving nature of this technology and its application in finance means that the full extent of its strengths and weaknesses is yet to be fully understood. Given the risk of unexpected pitfalls, countries will need to strengthen prudential oversight.

Global Financial Stability Report, April 2015

International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Global Financial Stability Report April 2015 Book PDF

Author : International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2015-04-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1498372937

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Global Financial Stability Report, April 2015 by International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department Pdf

The current report finds that, despite an improvement in economic prospects in some key advanced economies, new challenges to global financial stability have arisen. The global financial system is being buffeted by a series of changes, including lower oil prices and, in some cases, diverging growth patterns and monetary policies. Expectations for rising U.S. policy rates sparked a significant appreciation of the U.S. dollar, while long term bond yields in many advanced economies have decreased—and have turned negative for almost a third of euro area sovereign bonds—on disinflation concerns and the prospect of continued monetary accommodation. Emerging markets are caught in these global cross currents, with some oil exporters and other facing new stability challenges, while others have gained more policy space as a result of lower fuel prices and reduced inflationary pressures. The report also examines changes in international banking since the global financial crisis and finds that these changes are likely to promote more stable bank lending in host countries. Finally, the report finds that the asset management industry needs to strengthen its oversight framework to address financial stability risks from incentive problems between end-investors and portfolio managers and the risk of runs due to liquidity mismatches.

Monetary Policy Strategy in a Global Environment

Philippe Moutot,Giovanni Vitale
Monetary Policy Strategy in a Global Environment Book PDF

Author : Philippe Moutot,Giovanni Vitale
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781437923650

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Monetary Policy Strategy in a Global Environment by Philippe Moutot,Giovanni Vitale Pdf

Since the mid-1980s the world economy has gone through profound transformations of which the sources and effects are probably not yet completely understood. The process of continuous integration in trade, production and financial markets across countries and economic regions ¿- which is what is generally defined as ¿globalisation¿ ¿- affects directly the conduct of monetary policy in a variety of respects. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the structural implications of globalization for the domestic economies of developed countries and to deduct from these implications lessons for the conduct of monetary policy, and in particular the assessment of risks to price stability. Charts and tables.

Financial Crises Explanations, Types, and Implications

Mr.Stijn Claessens,Mr.Ayhan Kose
Financial Crises Explanations Types and Implications Book PDF

Author : Mr.Stijn Claessens,Mr.Ayhan Kose
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2013-01-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781475561005

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Financial Crises Explanations, Types, and Implications by Mr.Stijn Claessens,Mr.Ayhan Kose Pdf

This paper reviews the literature on financial crises focusing on three specific aspects. First, what are the main factors explaining financial crises? Since many theories on the sources of financial crises highlight the importance of sharp fluctuations in asset and credit markets, the paper briefly reviews theoretical and empirical studies on developments in these markets around financial crises. Second, what are the major types of financial crises? The paper focuses on the main theoretical and empirical explanations of four types of financial crises—currency crises, sudden stops, debt crises, and banking crises—and presents a survey of the literature that attempts to identify these episodes. Third, what are the real and financial sector implications of crises? The paper briefly reviews the short- and medium-run implications of crises for the real economy and financial sector. It concludes with a summary of the main lessons from the literature and future research directions.

Finance, Growth, and Inequality

Mr. Ross Levine
Finance Growth and Inequality Book PDF

Author : Mr. Ross Levine
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2021-06-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513583365

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Finance, Growth, and Inequality by Mr. Ross Levine Pdf

Finance and growth emerged as a distinct field of economics during the last three decades as economists integrated the fields of finance and economic growth and then explored the ramifications of the functioning of financial systems on economic growth, income distribution, and poverty. In this paper, I review theoretical and empirical research on the connections between the operation of the financial system and economic growth and inequality. While subject to ample qualifications, the preponderance of evidence suggests that (1) financial development—both the development of banks and stock markets—spurs economic growth and (2) better functioning financial systems foster growth primarily by improving resource allocation and technological change, not by increasing saving rates. Some research also suggests that financial development expands economic opportunities and tightens income distribution, primarily by boosting the incomes of the poor. This work implies that financial development fosters growth by expanding opportunities. Finally, and more tentatively, financial innovation—improvements in the ability of financial systems to ameliorate information and transaction costs—may be necessary for sustaining growth.

The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report

Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission
The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report Book PDF

Author : Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission
Publisher : Cosimo, Inc.
Page : 692 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2011-05-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781616405410

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The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report by Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission Pdf

The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report, published by the U.S. Government and the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in early 2011, is the official government report on the United States financial collapse and the review of major financial institutions that bankrupted and failed, or would have without help from the government. The commission and the report were implemented after Congress passed an act in 2009 to review and prevent fraudulent activity. The report details, among other things, the periods before, during, and after the crisis, what led up to it, and analyses of subprime mortgage lending, credit expansion and banking policies, the collapse of companies like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and the federal bailouts of Lehman and AIG. It also discusses the aftermath of the fallout and our current state. This report should be of interest to anyone concerned about the financial situation in the U.S. and around the world.THE FINANCIAL CRISIS INQUIRY COMMISSION is an independent, bi-partisan, government-appointed panel of 10 people that was created to "examine the causes, domestic and global, of the current financial and economic crisis in the United States." It was established as part of the Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009. The commission consisted of private citizens with expertise in economics and finance, banking, housing, market regulation, and consumer protection. They examined and reported on "the collapse of major financial institutions that failed or would have failed if not for exceptional assistance from the government."News Dissector DANNY SCHECHTER is a journalist, blogger and filmmaker. He has been reporting on economic crises since the 1980's when he was with ABC News. His film In Debt We Trust warned of the economic meltdown in 2006. He has since written three books on the subject including Plunder: Investigating Our Economic Calamity (Cosimo Books, 2008), and The Crime Of Our Time: Why Wall Street Is Not Too Big to Jail (Disinfo Books, 2011), a companion to his latest film Plunder The Crime Of Our Time. He can be reached online at www.newsdissector.com.

Issues in Monetary Policy

Kent Matthews,Philip M. Booth
Issues in Monetary Policy Book PDF

Author : Kent Matthews,Philip M. Booth
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2006-02-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780470032817

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Issues in Monetary Policy by Kent Matthews,Philip M. Booth Pdf

Since the Bank of England was made independent in 1997, the conduct of monetary policy has been relatively uncontroversial. The debates between Keyneisans, monetarists and supporters of fixed exchange rate mechanisms now appear very distant. Despite the apparent consensus there are many issues related to the conduct of monetary policy that are not yet settled and which will soon come to the fore. Is the current form of independence for the Bank of England appropriate? Should a central bank target inflation or the prices level? How does a central bank deal with asset price deflation? Should more account be taken of monetary aggregates? Should central banks target asset prices? What is the relationship between the money supply and asset price inflation? How should central banks ensure financial stability? The IEA was at the forefront of changing the parameters of the debate surrounding monetary policy in the 1970s and 1980s. This text, brings together some of the leading authors in the field, including the current Governor of the Bank of England, to discuss current issues in monetary policy and the relationship between monetary policy and financial markets. It is appropriate for undergraduates and postgraduates in economics and finance as well as for practitioners in financial markets.

Global Waves of Debt

M. Ayhan Kose,Peter Nagle,Franziska Ohnsorge,Naotaka Sugawara
Global Waves of Debt Book PDF

Author : M. Ayhan Kose,Peter Nagle,Franziska Ohnsorge,Naotaka Sugawara
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 403 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2021-03-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464815454

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Global Waves of Debt by M. Ayhan Kose,Peter Nagle,Franziska Ohnsorge,Naotaka Sugawara Pdf

The global economy has experienced four waves of rapid debt accumulation over the past 50 years. The first three debt waves ended with financial crises in many emerging market and developing economies. During the current wave, which started in 2010, the increase in debt in these economies has already been larger, faster, and broader-based than in the previous three waves. Current low interest rates mitigate some of the risks associated with high debt. However, emerging market and developing economies are also confronted by weak growth prospects, mounting vulnerabilities, and elevated global risks. A menu of policy options is available to reduce the likelihood that the current debt wave will end in crisis and, if crises do take place, will alleviate their impact.

Global Financial Stability Report, October 2019

International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Global Financial Stability Report October 2019 Book PDF

Author : International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 109 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2019-10-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498324021

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Global Financial Stability Report, October 2019 by International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department Pdf

The October 2019 Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR) identifies the current key vulnerabilities in the global financial system as the rise in corporate debt burdens, increasing holdings of riskier and more illiquid assets by institutional investors, and growing reliance on external borrowing by emerging and frontier market economies. The report proposes that policymakers mitigate these risks through stricter supervisory and macroprudential oversight of firms, strengthened oversight and disclosure for institutional investors, and the implementation of prudent sovereign debt management practices and frameworks for emerging and frontier market economies.

Global Financial Stability Report, April 2021

International Monetary Fund
Global Financial Stability Report April 2021 Book PDF

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2021-04-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513569673

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Global Financial Stability Report, April 2021 by International Monetary Fund Pdf

Extraordinary policy measures have eased financial conditions and supported the economy, helping to contain financial stability risks. Chapter 1 warns that there is a pressing need to act to avoid a legacy of vulnerabilities while avoiding a broad tightening of financial conditions. Actions taken during the pandemic may have unintended consequences such as stretched valuations and rising financial vulnerabilities. The recovery is also expected to be asynchronous and divergent between advanced and emerging market economies. Given large external financing needs, several emerging markets face challenges, especially if a persistent rise in US rates brings about a repricing of risk and tighter financial conditions. The corporate sector in many countries is emerging from the pandemic overindebted, with notable differences depending on firm size and sector. Concerns about the credit quality of hard-hit borrowers and profitability are likely to weigh on the risk appetite of banks. Chapter 2 studies leverage in the nonfinancial private sector before and during the COVID-19 crisis, pointing out that policymakers face a trade-off between boosting growth in the short term by facilitating an easing of financial conditions and containing future downside risks. This trade-off may be amplified by the existing high and rapidly building leverage, increasing downside risks to future growth. The appropriate timing for deployment of macroprudential tools should be country-specific, depending on the pace of recovery, vulnerabilities, and policy tools available. Chapter 3 turns to the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the commercial real estate sector. While there is little evidence of large price misalignments at the onset of the pandemic, signs of overvaluation have now emerged in some economies. Misalignments in commercial real estate prices, especially if they interact with other vulnerabilities, increase downside risks to future growth due to the possibility of sharp price corrections.

Coordination of Monetary and Fiscal Policies

International Monetary Fund
Coordination of Monetary and Fiscal Policies Book PDF

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 1998-03-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451844238

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Coordination of Monetary and Fiscal Policies by International Monetary Fund Pdf

Recently, monetary authorities have increasingly focused on implementing policies to ensure price stability and strengthen central bank independence. Simultaneously, in the fiscal area, market development has allowed public debt managers to focus more on cost minimization. This “divorce” of monetary and debt management functions in no way lessens the need for effective coordination of monetary and fiscal policy if overall economic performance is to be optimized and maintained in the long term. This paper analyzes these issues based on a review of the relevant literature and of country experiences from an institutional and operational perspective.

Analytical Issues in Trade, Development and Finance

Ambar Nath Ghosh,Asim K. Karmakar
Analytical Issues in Trade Development and Finance Book PDF

Author : Ambar Nath Ghosh,Asim K. Karmakar
Publisher : Springer
Page : 545 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2014-07-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9788132216506

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Analytical Issues in Trade, Development and Finance by Ambar Nath Ghosh,Asim K. Karmakar Pdf

The book’s 30 chapters are divided into three sections – international trade, economic development, macroeconomics and finance – and focus on the frontier issues in each. Section I addresses analytical issues relating to trade-environment linkage, capital accumulation for pollution abatement, possibility of technology diffusion by multinational corporations, nature of innovation inducing tariff protection, effects of import restriction and child labour, the links between exchange rate, direction of trade and financial crisis—the implications for India and global economic crisis, financial institutions and global capital flows and balance of payments imbalances. Section II consists of discussions on the causes of widespread poverty persisting in South Asia, development dividend associated with peace in South Asia, issues of well-being and human development, implications for endogenous growth through human capital accumulation on environmental quality and taxation, the rationale for a labour supply schedule for the poor, switching as an investment strategy, the role of government and strategic interaction in the presence of information asymmetry, government’s role in controlling food inflation, inter-state variations in levels and growth of industry in India, structural breaks in India’s service sector development, and the phenomenon of wasted votes in India’s parliamentary elections. Section III deals with the effectiveness of monetary policy in tackling economic crisis, the effective demand model of corporate leverages and recession, the empirical link between stock market development and economic growth in cross-country experience in Asia, an empirical verification of the Mckinnon-Shaw hypothesis for financial development in India, the dynamics of the behaviour of the Indian stock market, efficiency of non-life insurance companies, econometric study of the causal linkage between FDI and current account balance in India and the implications of contagious crises for the Indian economy.