Inequality And Unsustainable Growth

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Inequality and Unsustainable Growth: Two Sides of the Same Coin?

Mr.Jonathan David Ostry,Mr.Andrew Berg
Inequality and Unsustainable Growth Two Sides of the Same Coin Book PDF

Author : Mr.Jonathan David Ostry,Mr.Andrew Berg
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 23 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2011-04-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781616355302

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Inequality and Unsustainable Growth: Two Sides of the Same Coin? by Mr.Jonathan David Ostry,Mr.Andrew Berg Pdf

This note raises the IMF’s profile on a number of issues related to inequality, unemployment, governance, etc. It builds on earlier empirical work that examined correlations between growth downbreaks/duration of growth spells and a range of macro/policy/institutional factors. This paper is designed to be more accessible, more policy oriented, and focused squarely on the issue of inequality and the sustainability of growth. It will reference the literature that has gained prominence in the wake of the global crisis, and the possible links between the crisis and rising inequality in countries at the epicenter of the crisis. The analytical findings will also be connected to real world policy narratives in certain countries, to provide texture to the results and enhance policy relevance. The paper will argue that, based on the empirical findings, more equality in the income distribution is associated with longer-lived growth spells. Broad redistributive policies are not necessarily pro-growth, however, as these can have strong disincentive effects. The paper’s policy discussion is appropriately cautious, therefore, offering only tentative ideas, for example, active labor market policies and more attention to human capital investments designed to avoid conflicts between efficiency and equity perspectives.

Confronting Inequality

Jonathan D. Ostry,Prakash Loungani,Andrew Berg
Confronting Inequality Book PDF

Author : Jonathan D. Ostry,Prakash Loungani,Andrew Berg
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 182 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2019-01-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780231527613

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Confronting Inequality by Jonathan D. Ostry,Prakash Loungani,Andrew Berg Pdf

Inequality has drastically increased in many countries around the globe over the past three decades. The widening gap between the very rich and everyone else is often portrayed as an unexpected outcome or as the tradeoff we must accept to achieve economic growth. In this book, three International Monetary Fund economists show that this increase in inequality has in fact been a political choice—and explain what policies we should choose instead to achieve a more inclusive economy. Jonathan D. Ostry, Prakash Loungani, and Andrew Berg demonstrate that the extent of inequality depends on the policies governments choose—such as whether to let capital move unhindered across national boundaries, how much austerity to impose, and how much to deregulate markets. While these policies do often confer growth benefits, they have also been responsible for much of the increase in inequality. The book also shows that inequality leads to weaker economic performance and proposes alternative policies capable of delivering more inclusive growth. In addition to improving access to health care and quality education, they call for redistribution from the rich to the poor and present evidence showing that redistribution does not hurt growth. Accessible to scholars across disciplines as well as to students and policy makers, Confronting Inequality is a rigorous and empirically rich book that is crucial for a time when many fear a new Gilded Age.

Inequality and Growth

Theo S. Eicher,Stephen J. Turnovsky
Inequality and Growth Book PDF

Author : Theo S. Eicher,Stephen J. Turnovsky
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 343 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2007-01-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780262550642

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Inequality and Growth by Theo S. Eicher,Stephen J. Turnovsky Pdf

Even minute increases in a country's growth rate can result in dramatic changes in living standards over just one generation. The benefits of growth, however, may not be shared equally. Some may gain less than others, and a fraction of the population may actually be disadvantaged. Recent economic research has found both positive and negative relationships between growth and inequality across nations. The questions raised by these results include: What is the impact on inequality of policies designed to foster growth? Does inequality by itself facilitate or detract from economic growth, and does it amplify or diminish policy effectiveness? This book provides a forum for economists to examine the theoretical, empirical, and policy issues involved in the relationship between growth and inequality. The aim is to develop a framework for determining the role of public policy in enhancing both growth and equality. The diverse range of topics, examined in both developed and developing countries, includes natural resources, taxation, fertility, redistribution, technological change, transition, labor markets, and education. A theme common to all the essays is the importance of education in reducing inequality and increasing growth.

Unsustainable Inequalities

Lucas Chancel
Unsustainable Inequalities Book PDF

Author : Lucas Chancel
Publisher : Belknap Press
Page : 185 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780674984653

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Unsustainable Inequalities by Lucas Chancel Pdf

The greatest dilemma our planet faces is the tradeoff between poverty alleviation, inequality reduction, and climate change. In Unsustainable Inequalities, economist Lucas Chancel confronts how to share prosperity without furthering environmental harm, arguing for policies that would direct the benefits of environmental protection to the poor.

Links Between Growth, Inequality, and Poverty: A Survey

Ms. Valerie Cerra,Mr. Ruy Lama,Norman Loayza
Links Between Growth Inequality and Poverty A Survey Book PDF

Author : Ms. Valerie Cerra,Mr. Ruy Lama,Norman Loayza
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 54 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2021-03-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513572666

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Links Between Growth, Inequality, and Poverty: A Survey by Ms. Valerie Cerra,Mr. Ruy Lama,Norman Loayza Pdf

Is there a tradeoff between raising growth and reducing inequality and poverty? This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the complex links between growth, inequality, and poverty, with causation going in both directions. The evidence suggests that growth can be effective in reducing poverty, but its impact on inequality is ambiguous and depends on the underlying sources of growth. The impact of poverty and inequality on growth is likewise ambiguous, as several channels mediate the relationship. But most plausible mechanisms suggest that poverty and inequality reduce growth, at least in the long run. Policies play a role in shaping these relationships and those designed to improve equality of opportunity can simultaneously improve inclusiveness and growth.

World Social Report 2020

Department of Economic and Social Affairs
World Social Report 2020 Book PDF

Author : Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Publisher : United Nations
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2020-02-14
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789210043670

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World Social Report 2020 by Department of Economic and Social Affairs Pdf

This report examines the links between inequality and other major global trends (or megatrends), with a focus on technological change, climate change, urbanization and international migration. The analysis pays particular attention to poverty and labour market trends, as they mediate the distributional impacts of the major trends selected. It also provides policy recommendations to manage these megatrends in an equitable manner and considers the policy implications, so as to reduce inequalities and support their implementation.

Reducing Inequalities

Rémi Genevey,R. K. Pachauri,Laurence Tubiana
Reducing Inequalities Book PDF

Author : Rémi Genevey,R. K. Pachauri,Laurence Tubiana
Publisher : The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2013-01-01
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9788179935309

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Reducing Inequalities by Rémi Genevey,R. K. Pachauri,Laurence Tubiana Pdf

The reduction of inequalities within and between countries stands as a policy goal, and deserves to take centre stage in the design of the Sustainable Development Goals agreed during the Rio+20 Summit in 2012.The 2013 edition of A Planet for Life represents a unique international initiative grounded on conceptual and strategic thinking, and – most importantly – empirical experiments, conducted on five continents and touching on multiple realities. This unprecedented collection of works proposes a solid empirical approach, rather than an ideological one, to inform future debate.The case studies collected in this volume demonstrate the complexity of the new systems required to accommodate each country's specific economic, political and cultural realities. These systems combine technical, financial, legal, fiscal and organizational elements with a great deal of applied expertise, and are articulated within a clear, well-understood, growth- and job-generating development strategy.Inequality reduction does not occur by decree; neither does it automatically arise through economic growth, nor through policies that equalize incomes downward via ill conceived fiscal policies. Inequality reduction involves a collaborative effort that must motivate all concerned parties, one that constitutes a genuine political and social innovation, and one that often runs counter to prevailing political and economic forces.

Prosperity without Growth

Tim Jackson
Prosperity without Growth Book PDF

Author : Tim Jackson
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2016-12-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317388227

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Prosperity without Growth by Tim Jackson Pdf

What can prosperity possibly mean in a world of environmental and social limits? The publication of Prosperity without Growth was a landmark in the sustainability debate. Tim Jackson’s piercing challenge to conventional economics openly questioned the most highly prized goal of politicians and economists alike: the continued pursuit of exponential economic growth. Its findings provoked controversy, inspired debate and led to a new wave of research building on its arguments and conclusions. This substantially revised and re-written edition updates those arguments and considerably expands upon them. Jackson demonstrates that building a ‘post-growth’ economy is a precise, definable and meaningful task. Starting from clear first principles, he sets out the dimensions of that task: the nature of enterprise; the quality of our working lives; the structure of investment; and the role of the money supply. He shows how the economy of tomorrow may be transformed in ways that protect employment, facilitate social investment, reduce inequality and deliver both ecological and financial stability. Seven years after it was first published, Prosperity without Growth is no longer a radical narrative whispered by a marginal fringe, but an essential vision of social progress in a post-crisis world. Fulfilling that vision is simply the most urgent task of our times.

Redistribution, Inequality, and Growth

Mr.Jonathan David Ostry,Mr.Andrew Berg,Mr.Charalambos G Tsangarides
Redistribution Inequality and Growth Book PDF

Author : Mr.Jonathan David Ostry,Mr.Andrew Berg,Mr.Charalambos G Tsangarides
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 30 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2014-02-17
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484397657

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Redistribution, Inequality, and Growth by Mr.Jonathan David Ostry,Mr.Andrew Berg,Mr.Charalambos G Tsangarides Pdf

The Fund has recognized in recent years that one cannot separate issues of economic growth and stability on one hand and equality on the other. Indeed, there is a strong case for considering inequality and an inability to sustain economic growth as two sides of the same coin. Central to the Fund’s mandate is providing advice that will enable members’ economies to grow on a sustained basis. But the Fund has rightly been cautious about recommending the use of redistributive policies given that such policies may themselves undercut economic efficiency and the prospects for sustained growth (the so-called “leaky bucket” hypothesis written about by the famous Yale economist Arthur Okun in the 1970s). This SDN follows up the previous SDN on inequality and growth by focusing on the role of redistribution. It finds that, from the perspective of the best available macroeconomic data, there is not a lot of evidence that redistribution has in fact undercut economic growth (except in extreme cases). One should be careful not to assume therefore—as Okun and others have—that there is a big tradeoff between redistribution and growth. The best available macroeconomic data do not support such a conclusion.

Capitalism: An Unsustainable Future?

Malcolm Sawyer,Jonathan Michie
Capitalism An Unsustainable Future Book PDF

Author : Malcolm Sawyer,Jonathan Michie
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 339 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2022-03-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781000552287

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Capitalism: An Unsustainable Future? by Malcolm Sawyer,Jonathan Michie Pdf

The four decades of neoliberalism, globalisation and financialisation have produced crises - financial and pandemic - and rising inequality. The climate emergency threatens the future of the planet. This book explores many dimensions of the background to these crises. There is the development of policy agendas to address the climate emergency. The rise in inequality is studied in terms of impacts of financialisation and the relationships between growth and inequality. The record of the neoliberal experiment in the USA is critically examined. The roles of financial institutions including public banks and micro-finance are explored, as is the need for improved financial oversight in the Economic and Monetary Union. The growth of global value chains has been a major aspect of globalisation, and the question is examined of whether such chains provide a ladder for development. Globalisation has also featured trade imbalances and large capital flows, and their causes and effects are examined with respect to China and South Africa respectively. This volume will be of great value to students, scholars and professionals interested in political economy, economic thought, climate change, sustainability and business studies. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the journal, International Review of Applied Economics.

Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality

Ms. Era Dabla-Norris,Ms. Kalpana Kochhar,Mrs. Nujin Suphaphiphat,Mr. Frantisek Ricka,Evridiki Tsounta
Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality Book PDF

Author : Ms. Era Dabla-Norris,Ms. Kalpana Kochhar,Mrs. Nujin Suphaphiphat,Mr. Frantisek Ricka,Evridiki Tsounta
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2015-06-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513547435

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Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality by Ms. Era Dabla-Norris,Ms. Kalpana Kochhar,Mrs. Nujin Suphaphiphat,Mr. Frantisek Ricka,Evridiki Tsounta Pdf

This paper analyzes the extent of income inequality from a global perspective, its drivers, and what to do about it. The drivers of inequality vary widely amongst countries, with some common drivers being the skill premium associated with technical change and globalization, weakening protection for labor, and lack of financial inclusion in developing countries. We find that increasing the income share of the poor and the middle class actually increases growth while a rising income share of the top 20 percent results in lower growth—that is, when the rich get richer, benefits do not trickle down. This suggests that policies need to be country specific but should focus on raising the income share of the poor, and ensuring there is no hollowing out of the middle class. To tackle inequality, financial inclusion is imperative in emerging and developing countries while in advanced economies, policies should focus on raising human capital and skills and making tax systems more progressive.

Atlas of Lebanon

Eric Verdeil
Atlas of Lebanon Book PDF

Author : Eric Verdeil
Publisher : Presses de l’Ifpo
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2019-10-03
Category : History
ISBN : 9782351595497

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Atlas of Lebanon by Eric Verdeil Pdf

After fifteen years of reconstruction in a relatively peaceful environment spanning the years 1990 to 2004, Lebanon has experienced successive violent political events resulting from complex entangled internal and external struggles. The Syrian crisis and its political, economic and demographic consequences on Lebanon have increased these tensions. This atlas sheds light on these new challenges and adds new data that complete the analyses already published in the Atlas du Liban. Territoires et société (Atlas of Lebanon. Territories and Society) released in 2007 by the same research team. Some of its components are included in this edition. Beyond the international regional crisis and the population movements, it takes into account Lebanon’s socio-economic dimensions, the environmental issues linked to uncontrolled urbanization and to natural risks, as well as conflicts due to local territorial management. This atlas is the result of a collaborative endeavor between French and Lebanese researchers. It uses a geographical approach that puts in the foreground a spatial analysis of social and natural phenomena. Public sources are scarce in Lebanon, especially at the local scale. They are sometimes less reliable and difficult to access. It is particularly the case for the Lebanese census data, conversely data are abundantly available on the refugees population, which is less known than the population of refugees. International data help compare Lebanon to its neighbors. Thematic data produced by some ministries are helpful to provide a detailed view regarding specific domains. Analyses processed on aerial and satellite images have produced essential data on urbanization and environment. Local thematic fieldwork surveys have provided additional data. The book consists of seven chapters. The first one deals with the territorial state-building seen in the light of regional geopolitics, and emphasizes internal violence and the reemergence of militias and armed groups that fight each other and the state army. Lebanon is once again perceived as a territory divided between multiple allegiances. The second chapter is devoted to the analysis of population dynamics, despite the lack of reliable data whose sources are subject to discussion. It includes analyses of internal population flows, the Lebanese diaspora, and the assessment of Syrian refugees’ influx. The third chapter shows the fragility of the Lebanese economic model. Its dependency on foreign investments and on...

Income Inequality

Brian Keeley,Oecd
Income Inequality Book PDF

Author : Brian Keeley,Oecd
Publisher : Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2015-12-21
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9264246002

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Income Inequality by Brian Keeley,Oecd Pdf

Income inequality is rising. A quarter of a century ago, the average disposable income of the richest 10% in OECD countries was around seven times higher than that of the poorest 10%; today, it's around 9½ times higher. Why does this matter? Many fear this widening gap is hurting individuals, societies and even economies. This book explores income inequality across five main headings. It starts by explaining some key terms in the inequality debate. It then examines recent trends and explains why income inequality varies between countries. Next it looks at why income gaps are growing and, in particular, at the rise of the 1%. It then looks at the consequences, including research that suggests widening inequality could hurt economic growth. Finally, it examines policies for addressing inequality and making economies more inclusive.

Economic Growth and Income Inequality in China, India and Singapore

Pundarik Mukhopadhaya
Economic Growth and Income Inequality in China India and Singapore Book PDF

Author : Pundarik Mukhopadhaya
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781351568906

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Economic Growth and Income Inequality in China, India and Singapore by Pundarik Mukhopadhaya Pdf

The world at large is watching both China and India as powerhouses of economic growth. The two nations have achieved significantly high rates of economic growth ever since their respective economies liberalized in 1978 and 1991. Singapore, despite its limited land size and almost total dependence on external trade, has performed remarkably well and has moved from the third world to the first. This book documents and explains the rapid economic growth of the three key Asian economies.The book also looks at what has happened to income inequality in the context of superior growth performance. It makes comparative assessments and examines the implications for the three nations. Since free markets have nothing in them to produce a reduction in income inequality among persons/households, one must at best hope for equality of opportunity notably reflected in identical schooling for all; identical health care for all; and minimal rather than vulgar inequality in housing. This book is particularly useful for both China and India which may wish to study and learn from Singapore in regard to the policies, programmes and projects aimed at ensuring equality of opportunity. The book is backed by considerable expertise on the part of the researchers, with demonstrated expertise through their publications spawning a few decades. It is invaluable to those who are concerned with designing policies for developing countries aimed at rapid and inclusive economic growth.This book has been made possible by the intellectual and financial support extended by the Global Asia Institute, National University of Singapore.

Inequality and Uneven Development in the Post-crisis World

Sebastiano Fadda,Pasquale Tridico
Inequality and Uneven Development in the Post crisis World Book PDF

Author : Sebastiano Fadda,Pasquale Tridico
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1315388820

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Inequality and Uneven Development in the Post-crisis World by Sebastiano Fadda,Pasquale Tridico Pdf

In the years following the financial crash, two issues have become central to the debate in economics: inequality and the uneven nature of sustainable development. These two issues are at the core of this book which aims to explain three key questions: why inequality has increased so much in the last three decades; why most advanced economies are stagnating or are experiencing moderate economic growth; and why, even where economic growth is occurring, the quality of that growth is questioned. Inequality and Uneven Development in the Post-Crisis World is divided into three parts. The first part concerns the theoretical aspects of inequality, and ethical issues regarding economics and equality. The second part explores empirical evidence and policy suggestions drawing on the uneven levels of development and unprecedented levels of inequality experienced among advanced economies in the context of global financial capitalism. The third part focuses on sustainable development issues such as full employment, social costs of global trade liberalization, environmental sustainability and ecological issues. Along with inequality these issues are central for capitalism and for economic development. This volume is of interest to those who study political economy, sustainable development and social inequality.