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Influenza Vaccines for the Future by Rino Rappuoli,Giuseppe Del Giudice Pdf
The emergence of H5N1 avian influenza in 1997 and of the influenza A H1N1 of swine origin in 2009 calls for new, rapid and sustainable solutions for both seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses. During the last ten years, science and technology have made enormous progress, and we are now able to monitor in real time the genetics of viruses while they spread globally, to make more powerful vaccines using novel adjuvants, and to generate viruses in the laboratory using reverse genetics. This volume not only provides state-of-the-art information on the biology of influenza viruses and on influenza vaccines, but is also designed to be a resource to face the present H1N1 pandemic and to plan for long-term global and sustainable solutions.
Influenza Vaccines for the Future by Rino Rappuoli,Giuseppe Del Giudice Pdf
The threat constituted by the multiple outbreaks of avian influenza during the last few years is urgently calling for the development of new influenza vaccines. Fortunately, a quantum leap in technology has revolutionized the study of influenza and the engineering of new vaccine strains by reverse genetics. This volume provides a historical background and state-of-the-art information about the recent advances in the biology of influenza and the design of new influenza vaccines.
Vaccines for Older Adults by Birgit Weinberger Pdf
Many infectious diseases are more frequent and are associated with high morbidity and mortality in older adults. Vaccination is the most efficient strategy to prevent infections, and older adults are an important target population for vaccination in order to promote health in this age group. Age-related changes in the immune system as well as other factors, such as comorbidities, obesity or frailty, influence vaccine-induced immune responses in old age. Awareness that vaccines developed for children might not be optimal for adults, and particularly for the older population, has only arisen in the recent past. Vaccination against influenza, pneumococcal disease, and herpes zoster is specifically recommended for older adults in many countries, and various strategies have been pursued in order to optimize these vaccines. However, there are still many pathogens, which severely affect the older population, but for which no vaccines are currently available. Extensive research and development are ongoing to further improve existing vaccines and to design novel vaccines in order to provide protection for this vulnerable age group. In order to exploit the full protective potential of vaccines it is essential to improve vaccine uptake and overcome vaccine hesitancy by providing information and education to stakeholders, health care professionals, and the general public. This book is relevant for researchers working on age-related changes in the immune system or on vaccine development, for health care professionals treating older patients, and for the stakeholders and decision makers involved in vaccination recommendations and implementation.
Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee to Review Adverse Effects of Vaccines
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee to Review Adverse Effects of Vaccines Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 894 pages File Size : 49,5 Mb Release : 2012-04-26 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309214353
Adverse Effects of Vaccines by Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee to Review Adverse Effects of Vaccines Pdf
In 1900, for every 1,000 babies born in the United States, 100 would die before their first birthday, often due to infectious diseases. Today, vaccines exist for many viral and bacterial diseases. The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act, passed in 1986, was intended to bolster vaccine research and development through the federal coordination of vaccine initiatives and to provide relief to vaccine manufacturers facing financial burdens. The legislation also intended to address concerns about the safety of vaccines by instituting a compensation program, setting up a passive surveillance system for vaccine adverse events, and by providing information to consumers. A key component of the legislation required the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to collaborate with the Institute of Medicine to assess concerns about the safety of vaccines and potential adverse events, especially in children. Adverse Effects of Vaccines reviews the epidemiological, clinical, and biological evidence regarding adverse health events associated with specific vaccines covered by the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP), including the varicella zoster vaccine, influenza vaccines, the hepatitis B vaccine, and the human papillomavirus vaccine, among others. For each possible adverse event, the report reviews peer-reviewed primary studies, summarizes their findings, and evaluates the epidemiological, clinical, and biological evidence. It finds that while no vaccine is 100 percent safe, very few adverse events are shown to be caused by vaccines. In addition, the evidence shows that vaccines do not cause several conditions. For example, the MMR vaccine is not associated with autism or childhood diabetes. Also, the DTaP vaccine is not associated with diabetes and the influenza vaccine given as a shot does not exacerbate asthma. Adverse Effects of Vaccines will be of special interest to the National Vaccine Program Office, the VICP, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, vaccine safety researchers and manufacturers, parents, caregivers, and health professionals in the private and public sectors.
National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 223 pages File Size : 45,8 Mb Release : 1985-02-01 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309035446
Vaccine Supply and Innovation by National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Pdf
The United States is facing a vaccine shortage that may threaten public health. This book examines vaccine research and development, production and supply, and utilization and offers recommendations aimed at ensuring vaccine supply and promoting innovation. In addition, this comprehensive volume provides information on the adverse reactions associated with the range of vaccines used in the United States and contains the most thorough analysis ever published on the state of the law regarding vaccine-related injury and compensation for vaccine injury.
National Academy of Medicine,National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri,Health And Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Committee on Addressing Issues of Vaccine Distribution and Supply Chains to Advance Pandemic and Seasonal Influenza Preparedness and Response
Author : National Academy of Medicine,National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri,Health And Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Committee on Addressing Issues of Vaccine Distribution and Supply Chains to Advance Pandemic and Seasonal Influenza Preparedness and Response Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 128 pages File Size : 41,7 Mb Release : 2021-12-31 Category : Medical ISBN : 0309089158
Globally Resilient Supply Chains for Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza Vaccines by National Academy of Medicine,National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri,Health And Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Committee on Addressing Issues of Vaccine Distribution and Supply Chains to Advance Pandemic and Seasonal Influenza Preparedness and Response Pdf
Influenza viruses, both seasonal and pandemic, have the potential to disrupt the health and well-being of populations around the world. The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic and prior public health emergencies of international concern illustrate the importance of global preparedness and coordination among governments, academia, scientists, policy makers, nongovernmental organizations, the private sector, and the public to address the threat of pandemic influenza. These health emergencies have revealed opportunities to enhance global vaccine infrastructure, manufacturing, distribution, and administration. Globally Resilient Supply Chains for Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza Vaccines outlines key findings and recommendations to bolster vaccine distribution, manufacturing, and supply chains for future seasonal and pandemic influenza events. This report addresses the challenges of manufacturing and distributing vaccines for both seasonal and pandemic influenza, highlighting the critical components of vaccine manufacturing and distribution and offering recommendations that would address gaps in the current global vaccine infrastructure.
Vaccines is a well-written book on the subject of providing crucial information to students and researchers in the field of vaccinology. The introductory chapter, contributed by the editor (Dr. Vijay Kumar) of the book, provides the brief introduction to the history of the development of current forms of vaccine, which is difficult to find easily in one place. In addition, other chapters of the book are written by experts in the field. For example, the second chapter looks at the emerging role of developing countries in the innovation and production of vaccines. Other chapters provide information regarding different types of vaccines, development of vaccines for zoonotic viral infections, and regulatory affairs for genetically modified organism vaccines.
The Vaccine Book by Barry R. Bloom,Paul-Henri Lambert Pdf
The Vaccine Book, Second Edition provides comprehensive information on the current and future state of vaccines. It reveals the scientific opportunities and potential impact of vaccines, including economic and ethical challenges, problems encountered when producing vaccines, how clinical vaccine trials are designed, and how to introduce vaccines into widespread use. Although vaccines are now available for many diseases, there are still challenges ahead for major diseases, such as AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. This book is designed for students, researchers, public health officials, and all others interested in increasing their understanding of vaccines. It answers common questions regarding the use of vaccines in the context of a rapidly expanding anti-vaccine environment. This new edition is completely updated and revised with new and unique topics, including new vaccines, problems of declining immunization rates, trust in vaccines, the vaccine hesitancy, and the social value of vaccines for the community vs. the individual child’s risk. Provides insights into diseases that could be prevented, along with the challenges facing research scientists in the world of vaccines Gives new ideas about future vaccines and concepts Introduces new vaccines and concepts Gives ideas about challenges facing public and private industrial investors in the vaccine area Discusses the problem of declining immunization rates and vaccine hesitancy
Influenza and Public Health by Jennifer Gunn,Tamara Giles-Vernick,Susan Craddock Pdf
Major influenza pandemics pose a constant threat. As evidenced by recent H5N1 avian flu and novel H1N1, influenza outbreaks can come in close succession, yet differ in their transmission and impact. With accelerated levels of commercial and population mobility, new forms of flu virus can also spread across the globe with unprecedented speed. Responding quickly and adequately to each outbreak becomes imperative on the part of governments and global public health organizations, but the difficulties of doing so are legion. One tool for pandemic planning is analysis of responses to past pandemics that provide insight into productive ways forward. This book investigates past influenza pandemics in light of today's, so as to afford critical insights into possible transmission patterns, experiences, mistakes, and interventions. It explores several pandemics over the past century, from the infamous 1918 Spanish Influenza, the avian flu epidemic of 2003, and the novel H1N1 pandemic of 2009, to lesser-known outbreaks such as the 1889-90 influenza pandemic and the Hong Kong Flu of 1968. Contributors to the volume examine cases from a wide range of disciplines, including history, sociology, epidemiology, virology, geography, and public health, identifying patterns that cut across pandemics in order to guide contemporary responses to infectious outbreaks.
Canadian Immunization Guide by Canada. Comité consultatif national de l'immunisation,Canada. National Advisory Committee on Immunization Pdf
The seventh edition of the Canadian Immunization Guide was developed by the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI), with the support ofthe Immunization and Respiratory Infections Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, to provide updated information and recommendations on the use of vaccines in Canada. The Public Health Agency of Canada conducted a survey in 2004, which confi rmed that the Canadian Immunization Guide is a very useful and reliable resource of information on immunization.
Author : Stanley A. Plotkin Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media Page : 349 pages File Size : 48,8 Mb Release : 2011-05-11 Category : Medical ISBN : 9781441913395
History of Vaccine Development by Stanley A. Plotkin Pdf
Vaccinology, the concept of a science ranging from the study of immunology to the development and distribution of vaccines, was a word invented by Jonas Salk. This book covers the history of the methodological progress in vaccine development and to the social and ethical issues raised by vaccination. Chapters include "Jenner and the Vaccination against Smallpox," "Viral Vaccines," and "Ethical and Social Aspects of vaccines." Contributing authors include pioneers in the field, such as Samuel L. Katz and Hilary Koprowski. This history of vaccines is relatively short and many of its protagonists are still alive. This book was written by some of the chief actors in the drama whose subject matter is the conquest of epidemic disease.
Influenza Virus Vaccines and Immunotherapies by Arun Kumar,Shakti Singh Pdf
Influenza virus infections lead to thousands of deaths worldwide annually and billions of dollars economic burden. Despite continuing advances in our understanding of the immune evasion mechanism, the disease remains one of the foremost threat for human being. Traditional vaccines (attenuated and inactivated) mainly provide protection by inducing virus neutralizing antibodies, targeting ever changing surface antigens: Haemagultinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA). Due to genetic shift and immune selection pressure, prevalence of circulating influenza virus subtypes changes every year. Therefore, mismatch between circulating strain and vaccine strain can critically affect the success rate of these conventional flu vaccines, and requires continuous monitoring of circulating influenza virus subtypes and change in the vaccine formulations accordingly. The collective limitations of existing flu vaccines urgently call for the development of a novel universal vaccines that might provide the required protective immunity to a range of influenza virus subtypes. New approaches are being investigated mainly targeting conserved regions of flu proteins. Some of these approaches include universally conserved epitopes of HA, nucleoprotein (NP), capsid protein (M1) and ion channel protein (M2) that induced strong immune responses in animal models. Some attention and progress appears to be focused on vaccines based on the M2 ectodomain (M2e) employing a variety of constructs, adjuvants and delivery systems, including M2e-hepatitis B core antigen, flagellin constructs, and virus-like particles (VLP). Animal studies with these M2e candidate vaccines demonstrated that these vaccine candidates can prevent severe illness and death but not infection, which may pose difficulties in both the evaluation of clinical efficacy and approval by the regulatory authorities. VLP vaccines appear to be promising, but still are mostly limited to animal studies. The discovery and development of new and improved vaccines have been greatly facilitated by the application of new technologies. The use of nucleic acid-based vaccines, to combine the benefits of in-situ expression of antigens with the safety of inactivated and subunit vaccines, has been a key advancement. Upon their discovery more than 20 years ago, nucleic acid vaccines promised to be a safe and effective mean to mimic immunization with a live organism vaccine, particularly for induction of T cell immunity. In addition, the manufacturing of nucleic acid-based vaccines offered the potential to be relatively simple, inexpensive and generic. Reverse Vaccinology and in-silico designing of vaccines are very innovative approaches and being considered as future of vaccines. Furthermore, various immuno-therapeutic agents also being developed to treat and minimize immuno-pathological damage in patients suffering from life threatening complications. For the treatment of such pathological conditions, various novel approaches such as administration of immune suppressive cytokines, blocking co-stimulatory signals or activating co-inhibitory signal of T cell activation, are being tested both in lab and clinics. The Research Topic on influenza virus vaccine and therapeutics will give an insight in to the current status and future scope of these new innovative approaches and technologies. Moreover, these new methods will also serve as a reference tool for the development of future vaccines against several other pathogens.
Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Catastrophic Events
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Catastrophic Events Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 140 pages File Size : 45,8 Mb Release : 2011-01-22 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309160216
The 2009 H1N1 Influenza Vaccination Campaign by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Catastrophic Events Pdf
The 2009 H1N1 vaccination campaign was one of the largest public health campaigns in U.S. history, vaccinating one-quarter of the population in the first three months. The Institute of Medicine held three workshops in Raleigh, NC; Austin, TX; and Seattle, WA to learn from participants' experiences during the campaign and improve future emergency vaccination programs.
Institute of Medicine,Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee to Study Priorities for Vaccine Development
Author : Institute of Medicine,Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee to Study Priorities for Vaccine Development Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 476 pages File Size : 48,8 Mb Release : 2001-02-21 Category : Medical ISBN : 0309174988
Vaccines for the 21st Century by Institute of Medicine,Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee to Study Priorities for Vaccine Development Pdf
Vaccines have made it possible to eradicate the scourge of smallpox, promise the same for polio, and have profoundly reduced the threat posed by other diseases such as whooping cough, measles, and meningitis. What is next? There are many pathogens, autoimmune diseases, and cancers that may be promising targets for vaccine research and development. This volume provides an analytic framework and quantitative model for evaluating disease conditions that can be applied by those setting priorities for vaccine development over the coming decades. The committee describes an approach for comparing potential new vaccines based on their impact on morbidity and mortality and on the costs of both health care and vaccine development. The book examines: Lessons to be learned from the polio experience. Scientific advances that set the stage for new vaccines. Factors that affect how vaccines are used in the population. Value judgments and ethical questions raised by comparison of health needs and benefits. The committee provides a way to compare different forms of illness and set vaccine priorities without assigning a monetary value to lives. Their recommendations will be important to anyone involved in science policy and public health planning: policymakers, regulators, health care providers, vaccine manufacturers, and researchers.
