Information And Experimental Knowledge

Author : James Mattingly
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 373 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2021-12-13
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780226804781

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Information and Experimental Knowledge by James Mattingly Pdf

An ambitious new model of experimentation that will reorient our understanding of the key features of experimental practice. What is experimental knowledge, and how do we get it? While there is general agreement that experiment is a crucial source of scientific knowledge, how experiment generates that knowledge is far more contentious. In this book, philosopher of science James Mattingly explains how experiments function. Specifically, he discusses what it is about experimental practice that transforms observations of what may be very localized, particular, isolated systems into what may be global, general, integrated empirical knowledge. Mattingly argues that the purpose of experimentation is the same as the purpose of any other knowledge-generating enterprise—to change the state of information of the knower. This trivial-seeming point has a non-trivial consequence: to understand a knowledge-generating enterprise, we should follow the flow of information. Therefore, the account of experimental knowledge Mattingly provides is based on understanding how information flows in experiments: what facilitates that flow, what hinders it, and what characteristics allow it to flow from system to system, into the heads of researchers, and finally into our store of scientific knowledge.

Author : Deborah G. Mayo
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1996-07-15
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0226511979

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Error and the Growth of Experimental Knowledge by Deborah G. Mayo Pdf

Preface1: Learning from Error 2: Ducks, Rabbits, and Normal Science: Recasting the Kuhn's-Eye View of Popper 3: The New Experimentalism and the Bayesian Way 4: Duhem, Kuhn, and Bayes 5: Models of Experimental Inquiry 6: Severe Tests and Methodological Underdetermination7: The Experimental Basis from Which to Test Hypotheses: Brownian Motion8: Severe Tests and Novel Evidence 9: Hunting and Snooping: Understanding the Neyman-Pearson Predesignationist Stance10: Why You Cannot Be Just a Little Bit Bayesian 11: Why Pearson Rejected the Neyman-Pearson (Behavioristic) Philosophy and a Note on Objectivity in Statistics12: Error Statistics and Peircean Error Correction 13: Toward an Error-Statistical Philosophy of Science ReferencesIndex Copyright © Libri GmbH. All rights reserved.

Author : Michael Schwab
Publisher : Leuven University Press
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Aesthetics
ISBN : 9789058679734

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Experimental Systems by Michael Schwab Pdf

In the sciences, the experimental approach has proved its worth in generating what subsequently requires understanding. Can the emergent field of artistic research be inspired by recent thinking about the history and workings of science?

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Public Policy,Board on Research Data and Information,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics,Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Reproducibility and Replicability in Science
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2019-10-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309486163

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Reproducibility and Replicability in Science by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Public Policy,Board on Research Data and Information,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics,Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Reproducibility and Replicability in Science Pdf

One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produced it. When a scientific effort fails to independently confirm the computations or results of a previous study, some fear that it may be a symptom of a lack of rigor in science, while others argue that such an observed inconsistency can be an important precursor to new discovery. Concerns about reproducibility and replicability have been expressed in both scientific and popular media. As these concerns came to light, Congress requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a study to assess the extent of issues related to reproducibility and replicability and to offer recommendations for improving rigor and transparency in scientific research. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science defines reproducibility and replicability and examines the factors that may lead to non-reproducibility and non-replicability in research. Unlike the typical expectation of reproducibility between two computations, expectations about replicability are more nuanced, and in some cases a lack of replicability can aid the process of scientific discovery. This report provides recommendations to researchers, academic institutions, journals, and funders on steps they can take to improve reproducibility and replicability in science.

Author : Charles Bazerman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Technical writing
ISBN : 0299116948

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Shaping Written Knowledge by Charles Bazerman Pdf

The forms taken by scientific writing help to determine the very nature of science itself. In this closely reasoned study, Charles Bazerman views the changing forms of scientific writing as solutions to rhetorical problems faced by scientists arguing for their findings. Examining such works as the early Philosophical Transactions and Newton's optical writings as well as Physical Review, Bazerman views the changing forms of scientific writing as solutions to rhetorical problems faced by scientists. The rhetoric of science is, Bazerman demonstrates, an embedded part of scientific activity that interacts with other parts of scientific activity, including social structure and empirical experience. This book presents a comprehensive historical account of the rise and development of the genre, and views these forms in relation to empirical experience.

Author : John H. Kagel
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 739 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780691058979

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The Handbook of Experimental Economics by John H. Kagel Pdf

This book, which comprises eight chapters, presents a comprehensive critical survey of the results and methods of laboratory experiments in economics. The first chapter provides an introduction to experimental economics as a whole, with the remaining chapters providing surveys by leading practitioners in areas of economics that have seen a concentration of experiments: public goods, coordination problems, bargaining, industrial organization, asset markets, auctions, and individual decision making. The work aims both to help specialists set an agenda for future research and to provide nonspecialists with a critical review of work completed to date. Its focus is on elucidating the role of experimental studies as a progressive research tool so that wherever possible, emphasis is on series of experiments that build on one another. The contributors to the volume--Colin Camerer, Charles A. Holt, John H. Kagel, John O. Ledyard, Jack Ochs, Alvin E. Roth, and Shyam Sunder--adopt a particular methodological point of view: the way to learn how to design and conduct experiments is to consider how good experiments grow organically out of the issues and hypotheses they are designed to investigate.

Author : Jiju Antony,Mike Kaye
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781461552932

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Experimental Quality by Jiju Antony,Mike Kaye Pdf

Improving the quality of products and manufacturing processes at low cost is an economic and technological challenge to industrial engineers and managers alike. In today's business world, the implementation of experimental design techniques often falls short of the mark due to a lack of statistical knowledge on the part of engineers and managers in their analyses of manufacturing process quality problems. This timely book aims to fill this gap in the statistical knowledge required by engineers to solve manufacturing quality problems by using Taguchi experimental design methodology. The book increases awareness of strategic methodology through real-life case studies, providing valuable information for both academics and professionals with no prior knowledge of the theory of probability and statistics. Experimental Quality: Provides a unique framework to help engineers and managers address quality problems and use strategic design methodology. Offers detailed case studies illustrating the implementation of experimental design theory. Is easily accessible without prior knowledge or understanding of probability and statistics. This book provides an excellent resource for both academic and industrial environments, and will prove invaluable to practising industrial engineers, quality engineers and engineering managers from all disciplines.

Author : Jesper Strömbäck,Åsa Wikforss,Kathrin Glüer,Torun Lindholm,Henrik Oscarsson
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2022-05-23
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781000599169

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Knowledge Resistance in High-Choice Information Environments by Jesper Strömbäck,Åsa Wikforss,Kathrin Glüer,Torun Lindholm,Henrik Oscarsson Pdf

This book offers a truly interdisciplinary exploration of our patterns of engagement with politics, news, and information in current high-choice information environments. Putting forth the notion that high-choice information environments may contribute to increasing misperceptions and knowledge resistance rather than greater public knowledge, the book offers insights into the processes that influence the supply of misinformation and factors influencing how and why people expose themselves to and process information that may support or contradict their beliefs and attitudes. A team of authors from across a range of disciplines address the phenomena of knowledge resistance and its causes and consequences at the macro- as well as the micro-level. The chapters take a philosophical look at the notion of knowledge resistance, before moving on to discuss issues such as misinformation and fake news, psychological mechanisms such as motivated reasoning in processes of selective exposure and attention, how people respond to evidence and fact-checking, the role of political partisanship, political polarization over factual beliefs, and how knowledge resistance might be counteracted. This book will have a broad appeal to scholars and students interested in knowledge resistance, primarily within philosophy, psychology, media and communication, and political science, as well as journalists and policymakers. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Author : Deborah G. Mayo
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1996-08-15
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780226511986

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Error and the Growth of Experimental Knowledge by Deborah G. Mayo Pdf

Preface1: Learning from Error 2: Ducks, Rabbits, and Normal Science: Recasting the Kuhn's-Eye View of Popper 3: The New Experimentalism and the Bayesian Way 4: Duhem, Kuhn, and Bayes 5: Models of Experimental Inquiry 6: Severe Tests and Methodological Underdetermination7: The Experimental Basis from Which to Test Hypotheses: Brownian Motion8: Severe Tests and Novel Evidence 9: Hunting and Snooping: Understanding the Neyman-Pearson Predesignationist Stance10: Why You Cannot Be Just a Little Bit Bayesian 11: Why Pearson Rejected the Neyman-Pearson (Behavioristic) Philosophy and a Note on Objectivity in Statistics12: Error Statistics and Peircean Error Correction 13: Toward an Error-Statistical Philosophy of Science ReferencesIndex Copyright © Libri GmbH. All rights reserved.

Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Public Welfare. Subcommittee on Health
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1360 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1973
Category : Human experimentation in medicine
ISBN : UCBK:C051734585

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Quality of Health Care--human Experimentation, 1973. Hearings, Ninety-third Congress, First Session, on S. 974 ... S. 878 ... S.J. Res. 71 .. by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Public Welfare. Subcommittee on Health Pdf

Author : Vernon L. Smith
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 829 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1991-11-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780521364560

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Papers in Experimental Economics by Vernon L. Smith Pdf

A collection of the major papers of Vernon L. Smith, the main creator of the new field of experimental economics.

Author : Mary Poovey
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 446 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2009-11-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780226675183

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A History of the Modern Fact by Mary Poovey Pdf

How did the fact become modernity's most favored unit of knowledge? How did description come to seem separable from theory in the precursors of economics and the social sciences? Mary Poovey explores these questions in A History of the Modern Fact, ranging across an astonishing array of texts and ideas from the publication of the first British manual on double-entry bookkeeping in 1588 to the institutionalization of statistics in the 1830s. She shows how the production of systematic knowledge from descriptions of observed particulars influenced government, how numerical representation became the privileged vehicle for generating useful facts, and how belief—whether figured as credit, credibility, or credulity—remained essential to the production of knowledge. Illuminating the epistemological conditions that have made modern social and economic knowledge possible, A History of the Modern Fact provides important contributions to the history of political thought, economics, science, and philosophy, as well as to literary and cultural criticism.

Author : James N. Druckman,Donald P. Greene,James H. Kuklinski
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 577 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2011-06-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780521192125

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Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Political Science by James N. Druckman,Donald P. Greene,James H. Kuklinski Pdf

This volume provides the first comprehensive overview of how political scientists have used experiments to transform their field of study.

Author : Daniel Friedman,Shyam Sunder
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1994-01-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0521456827

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Experimental Methods by Daniel Friedman,Shyam Sunder Pdf

This primer is the first hands-on guide to the physical aspects of conducting experiments in economics.

Author : Daniel A. Wilkenfeld,Richard Samuels
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2019-09-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781350068872

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Advances in Experimental Philosophy of Science by Daniel A. Wilkenfeld,Richard Samuels Pdf

This volume gathers together leading philosophers of science and cognitive scientists from around the world to provide one of the first book-length studies of this important and emerging field. Specific topics considered include learning and the nature of scientific knowledge, the cognitive consequences of exposure to explanations, climate change, and mechanistic reasoning and abstraction. Chapters explore how experimental methods can be applied to questions about the nature of science and show how to fruitfully theorize about the nature and role of science with well-grounded empirical research. Advances in Experimental Philosophy of Science presents a new direction in the philosophical exploration of science and paves a path for those who might seek to pursue research in experimental philosophy of science.