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Author : The Expert Panel on Science Performance and Research Funding
Publisher : Council of CanadianAcademies
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2012-07-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781926558424
Author : Council of Canadian Academies
Publisher : Council of CanadianAcademies
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Research, Industrial
ISBN : 9781926558714
"The Council of Canadian Academies (the Council) has, since 2006, completed seven expert panel assessments analyzing in great depth Canada's performance in science and technology (S&T) and innovation. This document synthesizes the main findings of that work, from which two main conclusions emerge: Canadian academic research, overall, is strong and well regarded internationally; Canadian business innovation, by contrast, is weak by international standards, and this is the primary cause of Canada's poor productivity growth"--Executive summary.
Author : National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Global Science and Technology,Committee on Global Approaches to Advanced Computing
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 117 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2012-11-23
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780309262354
Computing and information and communications technology (ICT) has dramatically changed how we work and live, has had profound effects on nearly every sector of society, has transformed whole industries, and is a key component of U.S. global leadership. A fundamental driver of advances in computing and ICT has been the fact that the single-processor performance has, until recently, been steadily and dramatically increasing year over years, based on a combination of architectural techniques, semiconductor advances, and software improvements. Users, developers, and innovators were able to depend on those increases, translating that performance into numerous technological innovations and creating successive generations of ever more rich and diverse products, software services, and applications that had profound effects across all sectors of society. However, we can no longer depend on those extraordinary advances in single-processor performance continuing. This slowdown in the growth of single-processor computing performance has its roots in fundamental physics and engineering constraints-multiple technological barriers have converged to pose deep research challenges, and the consequences of this shift are deep and profound for computing and for the sectors of the economy that depend on and assume, implicitly or explicitly, ever-increasing performance. From a technology standpoint, these challenges have led to heterogeneous multicore chips and a shift to alternate innovation axes that include, but are not limited to, improving chip performance, mobile devices, and cloud services. As these technical shifts reshape the computing industry, with global consequences, the United States must be prepared to exploit new opportunities and to deal with technical challenges. The New Global Ecosystem in Advanced Computing: Implications for U.S. Competitiveness and National Security outlines the technical challenges, describe the global research landscape, and explore implications for competition and national security.
Author : James Wilsdon
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2016-01-20
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781473978775
‘Represents the culmination of an 18-month-long project that aims to be the definitive review of this important topic. Accompanied by a scholarly literature review, some new analysis, and a wealth of evidence and insight... the report is a tour de force; a once-in-a-generation opportunity to take stock.’ – Dr Steven Hill, Head of Policy, HEFCE, LSE Impact of Social Sciences Blog ‘A must-read if you are interested in having a deeper understanding of research culture, management issues and the range of information we have on this field. It should be disseminated and discussed within institutions, disciplines and other sites of research collaboration.’ – Dr Meera Sabaratnam, Lecturer in International Relations at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, LSE Impact of Social Sciences Blog Metrics evoke a mixed reaction from the research community. A commitment to using data and evidence to inform decisions makes many of us sympathetic, even enthusiastic, about the prospect of granular, real-time analysis of our own activities. Yet we only have to look around us at the blunt use of metrics to be reminded of the pitfalls. Metrics hold real power: they are constitutive of values, identities and livelihoods. How to exercise that power to positive ends is the focus of this book. Using extensive evidence-gathering, analysis and consultation, the authors take a thorough look at potential uses and limitations of research metrics and indicators. They explore the use of metrics across different disciplines, assess their potential contribution to the development of research excellence and impact and consider the changing ways in which universities are using quantitative indicators in their management systems. Finally, they consider the negative or unintended effects of metrics on various aspects of research culture. Including an updated introduction from James Wilsdon, the book proposes a framework for responsible metrics and makes a series of targeted recommendations to show how responsible metrics can be applied in research management, by funders, and in the next cycle of the Research Excellence Framework. The metric tide is certainly rising. Unlike King Canute, we have the agency and opportunity – and in this book, a serious body of evidence – to influence how it washes through higher education and research.
Author : Matthias Gross,Linsey McGoey
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 427 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2015-05-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317964674
Once treated as the absence of knowledge, ignorance today has become a highly influential topic in its own right, commanding growing attention across the natural and social sciences where a wide range of scholars have begun to explore the social life and political issues involved in the distribution and strategic use of not knowing. The field is growing fast and this handbook reflects this interdisciplinary field of study by drawing contributions from economics, sociology, history, philosophy, cultural studies, anthropology, feminist studies, and related fields in order to serve as a seminal guide to the political, legal and social uses of ignorance in social and political life. Chapter 33 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license available here: https://tandfbis.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/rt-files/docs/Open+Access+Chapters/9780415718967_oachapter33.pdf
Author : Yves Gingras
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 133 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2016-10-07
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780262035125
Why bibliometrics is useful for understanding the global dynamics of science but generate perverse effects when applied inappropriately in research evaluation and university rankings. The research evaluation market is booming. “Ranking,” “metrics,” “h-index,” and “impact factors” are reigning buzzwords. Government and research administrators want to evaluate everything—teachers, professors, training programs, universities—using quantitative indicators. Among the tools used to measure “research excellence,” bibliometrics—aggregate data on publications and citations—has become dominant. Bibliometrics is hailed as an “objective” measure of research quality, a quantitative measure more useful than “subjective” and intuitive evaluation methods such as peer review that have been used since scientific papers were first published in the seventeenth century. In this book, Yves Gingras offers a spirited argument against an unquestioning reliance on bibliometrics as an indicator of research quality. Gingras shows that bibliometric rankings have no real scientific validity, rarely measuring what they pretend to. Although the study of publication and citation patterns, at the proper scales, can yield insights on the global dynamics of science over time, ill-defined quantitative indicators often generate perverse and unintended effects on the direction of research. Moreover, abuse of bibliometrics occurs when data is manipulated to boost rankings. Gingras looks at the politics of evaluation and argues that using numbers can be a way to control scientists and diminish their autonomy in the evaluation process. Proposing precise criteria for establishing the validity of indicators at a given scale of analysis, Gingras questions why universities are so eager to let invalid indicators influence their research strategy.
Author : Blaise Cronin,Cassidy R. Sugimoto
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 475 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2014-05-16
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780262323291
A comprehensive, state-of-the-art examination of the changing ways we measure scholarly performance and research impact. Bibliometrics has moved well beyond the mere tracking of bibliographic citations. The web enables new ways to measure scholarly productivity and impact, making available tools and data that can reveal patterns of intellectual activity and impact that were previously invisible: mentions, acknowledgments, endorsements, downloads, recommendations, blog posts, tweets. This book describes recent theoretical and practical advances in metrics-based research, examining a variety of alternative metrics—or “altmetrics”—while also considering the ethical and cultural consequences of relying on metrics to assess the quality of scholarship. Once the domain of information scientists and mathematicians, bibliometrics is now a fast-growing, multidisciplinary field that ranges from webometrics to scientometrics to influmetrics. The contributors to Beyond Bibliometrics discuss the changing environment of scholarly publishing, the effects of open access and Web 2.0 on genres of discourse, novel analytic methods, and the emergence of next-generation metrics in a performance-conscious age. Contributors Mayur Amin, Judit Bar-Ilan, Johann Bauer, Lutz Bornmann, Benjamin F. Bowman, Kevin W. Boyack, Blaise Cronin, Ronald Day, Nicola De Bellis, Jonathan Furner, Yves Gingras, Stefanie Haustein, Edwin Henneken, Peter A. Hook, Judith Kamalski, Richard Klavans, Kayvan Kousha, Michael Kurtz, Mark Largent, Julia Lane, Vincent Larivière, Loet Leydesdorff, Werner Marx, Katherine W. McCain, Margit Palzenberger, Andrew Plume, Jason Priem, Rebecca Rosen, Hermann Schier, Hadas Shema, Cassidy R. Sugimoto, Mike Thelwall, Daril Vilhena, Jevin West, Paul Wouters
Author : The Expert Panel on the State of Science and Technology and Industrial Research and Development in Canada
Publisher : Council of Canadian Academies
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Electronic books
ISBN : 9781926522395
Author : Byron K. Jennings
Publisher : Byron Jennings
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780994058928
This book is a series of short, perceptive and witty essays about science and how it works. The author, a long-time theoretical physicist and science administrator, shares his hard-won insights about science gained from years of working in the trenches. The approach is eclectic with examples and quotes from a wide variety of sources. However, a unified view of science is presented, namely that science is simply the straightforward application of model building and testing against observation. The technique is applicable to all walks of life, hence the title of the book.
Author : The Expert Panel on Women in University Research
Publisher : Council of CanadianAcademies
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781926558509
While many reports have focused specifically on women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics careers, this assessment employs comparative analyses to examine the career trajectories of women researchers across a variety of disciplines. The Panel was able to respond to the charge using a combination of research methods, but their analyses were sometimes hindered by a paucity of key data sets.
Author : Michael Hart
Publisher : Lulu.com
Page : 616 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2015-10-21
Category : Climatic changes
ISBN : 9780994903808
"The book explores problems and issues that have emerged in national and international discussion of policies to address climate change. It concludes that every solution put forward by the UN and activists poses more problems than might ever emerge from the marginal human impact on natural climate change. Rather than mitigation, governments should focus on adaptation. As is, climate change discussions have become captive of a utopian agenda that is using climate change as a stalking horse to drive alarm in the hope that it will convince governments to act."--
Author : The Expert Panel on the Socio-economic Impacts of Innovation Investments
Publisher : Council of CanadianAcademies
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781926558585
Author : The Expert Panel on International Practices for Funding Natural Science and Engineering Research
Publisher : Council of Canadian Academies
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2021-05-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781926522906
Powering Discovery examines successful international practices for supporting natural sciences and engineering research and how some of these could be applied in Canada. The report explores approaches for supporting researchers and a wide spectrum of research. It also sheds light on promising and novel approaches for increasing funding efficiency and promoting and measuring impact.
Author : The Expert Panel on Leading Practices for Transforming Canadian Science Through Infrastructure
Publisher : Council of Canadian Academies
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2019-08-08
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781926522715
Building Excellence synthesizes key theoretical and practical considerations in developing principles, criteria, decision-making structures, and processes for assessing and investing in collaborative S&T infrastructure.
Author : The Expert Panel on the State of Science and Technology in Canada
Publisher : Council of CanadianAcademies
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781926558479
The STaTe of Science and Technology in canada, 2012 The Expert Panel on the State of Science and Technology in Canada Science Advice in the Public Interest THE STATE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN CANADA, 2012 The Expert Panel on the State of Science and Technology in Canada ii The State of Science and Technology in Canada, 2012 THE COUNCIL OF CANADIAN ACADEMIES 180 Elgin Street, Suite 1401, Ottawa, [...] The Council of Canadian Academies iii The Council of Canadian Academies Science Advice in the Public Interest The Council of. [...] Foreign Affairs and International Trade shared its perspectives on Canada's involvement in international science; and the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council provided valuable advice on the challenges in evaluating research in the humanities, arts, and social sciences. [...] The reviewers assessed the objectivity and quality of. [...] The Panel mapped the current classification system for these fields to the 2006 system and is confident that the overall decline in these fields is real, and not an artefact of.