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Author : Yingyi Qian,Chenggang Xu
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Economic development
ISBN : CORNELL:31924062291350
Author : Mr.Haizhou Huang,Chenggang Xu
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 12 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1999-03-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451845242
The fundamental importance of economic institutions for economic growth through their impact on technological change has been argued, reconfirmed by recent empirical studies, but not examined theoretically. This paper tries to fill that gap. In the model proposed, economic growth is affected by the efficiency and riskiness of research and development (R&D), which are endogenized through financial institutions. The theory and its results shed lights on the debate of convergence versus divergence; the “East Asia miracle” versus the East Asia financial crisis; and the rise and fall of centralized economies.
Author : G J Wen,D Xu
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1997-03-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789814498982
China has achieved alarming success in accelerating the economic growth rate since it started economic reform about 16 years ago. However, its state sector is still running severe deficits. Even though its productivity might be improved since the reform started, its financial situation, nevertheless, has been worsening mainly as a result of increased competition from the rapidly expanding non-state sector. Therefore, the reform of this sector has become an urgent problem. All the papers collected in this book are closely related to the various issues that the reform of the state sector has to solve. Among the contributors are Professor Merton H Miller, a Nobel laureate and expert on firm finance and governauce, Mr Ji Lin, the vice president of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Dr Justin Y Lin, the director of Center of China's Economic Research at Beijing University, Professor Gang Fan, the well-known Chinese Economist and vice director of the Institute of Economic Research at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Professor Guoqiang Tian, an expert on mechanism design at Texas A & M University, and many other researchers and professors from China and the North America's research institutes and universities. Therefore, this book will be extremely useful and relevant to those economists as well as government decision-makers working in the field of the transitional economy. Contents:Speeches Delivered at the Opening SessionWhich to Reform First, Internal Institutitions or External Environment — A DebateReview and Prospect: Historical and International ComparisonsMacroeconomic Stability and the SOE ReformReforming the Labor Market, Housing Sector, Medical Care, Insurance and Innovation System — A Sectoral Approach Readership: Economists, government policy-makers and decision-makers. keywords:State Owned Enterprises;Reforms of SOEs;China's State Sector
Author : Econometric Society. World Congress
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 1997-02-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0521589827
These books comprise papers examining the latest developments in economic theory, applied economics and econometrics presented at the Seventh World Congress of the Econometric Society in Tokyo in August 1995. The topics were carefully selected to represent the most active fields in the discipline over the past five years. Written by the leading authorities in their fields, eac h paper provides a unique survey of the current state of knowledge in economics. Designed to make the material accessible to a general audience of economists, these volumes should be helpul to anyone with a good undergraduate training in economics who wishes to follow new ideas and tendencies in the subject.
Author : Sunanda Sen
Publisher : Springer
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2016-07-27
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781349138012
The present volume articulates a state of concern with the destabilising and the growth retarding effects of current world finance relations. Emphasis laid in this volume on finance is justified, not only in terms of its dominance over real activities in the world economy but also with its influence on the pace of economic reforms in the debt-ridden countries. A large number of essays in this volume deals with the recent pattern of capital flows in the world economy. The latter has been of a high priority in the agenda for research in economics in recent times, especially with tendencies for financial fragility in the major financial markets and the enforcing of the structural adjustment programmes in the developing countries as a part of loan conditionalities. The volume provides a rich analysis of contemporary international finance relations, with individual chapters contributed by reputed economists who have made significant contributions to the literature.
Author : Masahiko Aoki,Hugh Patrick
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 684 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1995-02-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780191521744
BL Gives a definitive description and analysis of the main bank system BL Strong contributors BL Understudied subject BL Incorporates results of a major World Bank research programme BL Balances institutional description with financial theory and empirical analysis This volume looks at systems of corporate finance, concentrating on the Japanese main bank system. The remaining chapters describe different systems, assessing to what extent the Japanese system can serve as a model for developing market economies and transforming socialist economies. The basic characteristics of the main bank system are examined here, its roots, development, and its role in the heyday of its rapid growth. The volume looks at how the system has performed and at its strengths and weaknesses. It goes on to look at how the system has changed and what its approprate role is as deregulation, liberalization, and internationalization of Japan's financial markets have proceeded over the past two decades and a new issue securities market has emerged. A basic conclusion of the book is that banking-based systems are in most cases the most appropriate for industrial financing until a rather late stage of a country's economic and financial development. It aims to identify the conditions under which banks are better able that securites market institutions to evaluate the credit worthiness of borrowers and the viability of new projects, to monitor the ongoing performance of firms, and to rescue or liquidate firms in distress. Contributors: Masahiko Aoki, Theodor Baums, V.V.Bhatt, John Campbell, Yasushi Hamao, Toshihiro Horiuchi, Takeo Hoshi, Anil Kashyap, Dong-Wong Kim, Gary Loveman, Sang-Woo Nam, Frank Packer, Hugh Patrick, Yingyi Qian, Mark Ramseyer, Clark Reynolds, Satoshi Sunamura, Paul Sheard, Juro Teranishi, Kazuo Ueda,
Author : Jonathan Michie,John Grieve Smith
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0198289685
This book examines current issues in the world economic order, and asks what new initiatives are necessary to ensure stability, growth and high levels of employment. In so doing the authors pose the question whether the institutions and frameworks of Bretton Woods (The IMF, The World Bank, managed exchange rates etc) are appropriate to meet the new challenges. Managing the Global Economy will be essential reading for students, analysts and policy makers wanting to get to grips with current developments in the international economy.
Author : Tony Killick
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2005-07-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134816446
The accelerating pace of global change demands that economies must be adaptable. Economies which are flexible flourish, as in Eastern Asia. Inflexible economies stagnate, as in Eastern Europe and Africa. However even though adaptability governs the long-term progress of economies, economists have had little to say about the nature and determinants of economic flexibility. This book redresses that situation. A prestigious team of contributors address the key theoretical and empirical issues, using a wide range of country studies.
Author : János Kornai
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 675 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2021-04-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780691228020
To understand the dramatic collapse of the socialist order and the current turmoil in the formerly communist world, this comprehensive work examines the most important common properties of all socialist societies. JNBnos Kornai brings a life-long study of the problems of the socialist system to his explanation of why inherent attributes of socialism inevitably produced in-efficiency. In his past work he has focused on the economic sphere, maintaining consistently that the weak economic performance of socialist countries resulted from the system itself, not from the personalities of top leaders or mistakes made by leading organizations and planners. This book synthesizes themes from his earlier investigations, while broadening the discussion to include the role of the political power structure and of communist ideology. Kornai distinguishes between two types, or historical phases, of socialism. The "classical socialism" of Stalin, Mao, and their followers is totalitarian and brutally repressive, but its components fit together and make up a coherent edifice. Associated with names like Tito, KNBdar, Deng-Xiaoping, and Gorbachev, "reform socialism" relaxes repression, but brings about a sharpening of inner contradictions and the eventual dissolution of the system. Kornai examines the classical system in the first half of the book, and moves on to explore the complex process of reform in the second half. The Socialist System is addressed to economists in the first place, but also to political scientists, sociologists, and historians. In addition, it will appeal to policymakers, business analysts, and government officials who need to understand either formerly or presently communist countries.
Author : Sudipto Bhattacharya,Willem Alexander Boot,Anjan V. Thakor
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 934 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Credit
ISBN : 0199243069
Developments in theories of financial markets and institutions, using the tools of the economics of uncertainty and of contracts, as well as results in game theory, have, over the last two decades, constituted an exciting and burgeoning field of research. This collection of readings drawstogether highlights of the 'second generation' literature in this area, emphasizing the theoretical, institutional, and policy-oriented regulatory implications of some of the key modelling techniques in the field.The collection divides into seven sections covering the monitoring role of banks and other intermediaries; liquidity demand and the role of banks and the government; bank runs and financial crises; bank regulation; inter-bank competition and bank--firm relationships; comparative financial systems;and imperfect credit markets and the macroeconomy. Each section comprises four articles previously published in top-ranking economics and finance journals, plus a discussion by a prominent scholar, who provides a synthesis and critique of the literature, and suggests promising directions for futureresearch and application of results.
Author : Gun Eriksson Skoog
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781475767933
This is a story of the soft budget constraint. It seeks an answer to a paradox: the prevalence of the soft budget constraint in spite of the tremendous inefficiencies that it gives rise to, and its persistence in spite of reform of the system of which it is an integral part. The story aims at increasing our understanding of why the phenomenon exists. By studying the case of state in Tanzania before, during and after socialism, an explanation of the owned enterprises emergence, persistence and logic of the soft budget constraint is suggested. This introductory chapter presents an argument showing why this story is worth telling. It discusses the research topic and how the problem it presents is attacked. THE SOFT BUDGET CONSTRAINT The soft budget constraint is today a popular metaphor. Originally it was seen as a characteristic of the socialist system. It refers to the tendency of primarily state-owned enterprises to have their liquidity gaps or losses accommodated by the state, or some other external funding body, and to the resulting expectations of such bail-out. The concept was coined by the Hungarian economist Hmos Kornai. ' He distinguishes between four major forms of external financial assistance that contribute to the soft budget constraint: soft subsidies, soft taxation, soft credit and soft 2 administrative pricing.
Author : János Kornai
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0262111985
Hungarian economist Janos Kornai first used the metaphor of a single path to postsocialist transition in his earlier book, The Road to a Free Economy. The new metaphor that frames this collection of eight recent studies reflects a broader perspective and understanding of the complexities of transition: every highway and byway leads eventually to capitalism, Kornai observes, but to what kind, how fast, and at what cost? Who wins and who loses? Kornai draws from his experiences of Hungarian reform as well as from countries of the former Soviet Union to make several major points. The first three studies describe what went wrong in countries that tried to mix elements of planned and market economies. Efforts made by communist countries to introduce market socialism (the "middle road") contained an inherent contradiction between the logic of socialism and the logic of a free enterprise system, and were doomed to failure. In the studies that follow, Kornai analyzes the on-going dilemmas. The transition from communism to free enterprise is filled with daunting hurdles; it requires no less than redefining ownership, changing values concerning the distribution of wealth, transferring the control of political power, creating financial institutions and enforcing financial discipline, and making deep economic sacrifice. Kornai closes with an overall survey of postsocialist transition, describing the stages that countries tend to go through, that will be particularly useful to scholars of comparative economic systems.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Business
ISBN : STANFORD:36105121672641
Author : Mr. Ross Levine
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2021-06-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513583365
Finance and growth emerged as a distinct field of economics during the last three decades as economists integrated the fields of finance and economic growth and then explored the ramifications of the functioning of financial systems on economic growth, income distribution, and poverty. In this paper, I review theoretical and empirical research on the connections between the operation of the financial system and economic growth and inequality. While subject to ample qualifications, the preponderance of evidence suggests that (1) financial development—both the development of banks and stock markets—spurs economic growth and (2) better functioning financial systems foster growth primarily by improving resource allocation and technological change, not by increasing saving rates. Some research also suggests that financial development expands economic opportunities and tightens income distribution, primarily by boosting the incomes of the poor. This work implies that financial development fosters growth by expanding opportunities. Finally, and more tentatively, financial innovation—improvements in the ability of financial systems to ameliorate information and transaction costs—may be necessary for sustaining growth.
Author : Janez Prašnikar
Publisher : Nova Publishers
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1594548110
Globalisation of the economy have confronted Europe with a question of what are its real competitive capabilities, sustainability of its economy and of the values of typical Europeans. The famous Lisbon Strategy has been an attempt to answer this by creating the knowledge economy. This book analyses the Lisbon Strategy from various perspectives.