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This book contains 20 chapters, which are divided into 5 sections. Section 1 covers different aspects of insecticide resistance of selected economically important plant insect pests, whereas section 2 includes chapters about the importance, development and insecticide resistance management in controlling malaria vectors. Section 3 is dedicated to some general questions in insecticide resistance, while the main topic of section 4 is biochemical approaches of insecticide resistance mechanisms. Section 5 covers ecologically acceptable approaches for overcoming insecticide resistance, such are the use of mycoinsecticides, and understanding the role of some plant chemical compounds, which are important in interactions between plants, their pests and biological control agents.
Insect Resistance Management by David W. Onstad Pdf
Neither pest management nor resistance management can occur with only an understanding of pest biology. For years, entomologists have understood, with their use of economic thresholds, that at least a minimal use of economics was necessary for proper integrated pest management. IRM is even more complicated and dependent on understanding and using socioeconomic factors. The new edition of Insect Resistance Management addresses these issues and much more. Many new ideas, facts and case studies have been developed since the previous edition of Insect Resistance Management published. With a new chapter focusing on Resistance Mechanisms Related to Plant-incorporated Toxins and heavily expanded revisions of several existing chapters, this new volume will be an invaluable resource for IRM researchers, practitioners, professors and advanced students. Authors in this edition include professors at major universities, leaders in the chemical and seed industry, evolutionary biologists and active IRM practitioners. This revision also contains more information about IRM outside North America, and a modeling chapter contains a large new section on uncertainty analysis, a subject recently emphasized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The final chapter contains a section on insecticidal seed treatments. No other book has the breadth of coverage of Insect Resistance Management, 2e. It not only covers molecular to economic issues, but also transgenic crops, seed treatments and other pest management tactics such as crop rotation. Major themes continuing from the first edition include the importance of using IRM in the integrated pest management paradigm, the need to study and account for pest behavior, and the influence of human behavior and decision making in IRM. Provides insights from the history of insect resistance management (IRM) to the latest science Includes contributions from experts on ecological aspects of IRM, molecular and population genetics, economics, and IRM social issues Offers biochemistry and molecular genetics of insecticides presented with an emphasis on recent research Encourages scientists and stakeholders to implement and coordinate strategies based on local social conditions
Pesticide Resistance in Arthropods by Richard Roush,Bruce E. Tabashnik Pdf
Bruce E. Tabashnik and Richard T. Roush Pesticide resistance is an increasingly urgent worldwide problem. Resistance to one or more pesticides has been documented in more than 440 species of insects and mites. Resistance in vectors of human dise8se, particularly malaria-transmit ting mosquitoes, is a serious threat to public health in many nations. Agricultural productivity is jeopardized because of widespread resistance in crop and livestock pests. Serious resistance problems are also evident in pests of the urban environ ment, most notably cockroaches. Better understanding of pesticide resistance is needed to devise techniques for managing resistance (Le. , slowing, preventing, or reversing development of resistance in pests and promoting it in beneficial natural enemies). At the same time, resistance is a dramatic example of evolution. Knowledge of resistance can thus provide fundamental insights into evolution, genetics, physiology, and ecology. Resistance management can help to reduce the harmful effects of pesticides by decreasing rates of pesticide use and prolonging the efficacy of environmentally safe pesticides. In response to resistance problems, the concentration or frequency of pesticide applications is often increased. Effective resistance management would reduce this type of increased pesticide use. Improved monitoring of resis tance would also decrease the number of ineffective pesticide applications that are made when a resistance problem exists but has not been diagnosed. Resistance often leads to replacement of one pesticide with another that is more expensive and less compatible with alternative controls.
National Research Council,Board on Agriculture,Committee on Strategies for the Management of Pesticide Resistant Pest Populations
Author : National Research Council,Board on Agriculture,Committee on Strategies for the Management of Pesticide Resistant Pest Populations Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 484 pages File Size : 51,6 Mb Release : 1986-02-01 Category : Technology & Engineering ISBN : 9780309036276
Pesticide Resistance by National Research Council,Board on Agriculture,Committee on Strategies for the Management of Pesticide Resistant Pest Populations Pdf
Based on a symposium sponsored by the Board on Agriculture, this comprehensive book explores the problem of pesticide resistance; suggests new approaches to monitor, control, or prevent resistance; and identifies the changes in public policy necessary to protect crops and human health from the ravages of pests. The volume synthesizes the most recent information from a wide range of disciplines, including entomology, genetics, plant pathology, biochemistry, economics, and public policy. It also suggests research avenues that would indicate how to counter future problems. A glossary provides the reader with additional guidance.
Global Pesticide Resistance in Arthropods by Mark Edward Whalon,David Mota-Sanchez,Robert M. Hollingworth Pdf
Pesticide resistance has had a substantial impact on crop production and has been an important driver of change in modern agriculture, animal production and human health. Due to increased selection pressure, this resistance can be linked to export/import health and phytosanitary standards, invasive species eradication projects and global pandemics. However, the development of new biological and chemical products and the use of integrated pest management strategies have been successful in reducing pesticide resistance. Focusing specifically on arthropods, this book provides a comprehensive review of relevant issues in pesticide resistance. Detailed listings and references to all documented reports of resistance from around the world are included as well as discussions on the mechanisms and evolution of resistance and management techniques.
Pesticide Management and Insecticide Resistance by David Watson Pdf
Pesticide Management and Insecticide Resistance explores the problem of insect resistance to pesticides and reviews various approaches to pesticide management and safety. It looks at the environmental hazards of pesticide residues and their regulation, along with application techniques aimed at maximum efficiency against the pest and minimum waste to pollution, safety considerations in the development of pest control programs, and pesticide monitoring. Divided into eight parts encompassing 49 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the global pesticide industry and the costs of commercializing pesticides relative to their profit potential. It then introduces the reader to the release of fluorohydrocarbon propellants in pesticidal aerosols and their hazards to the ozone layer, management of pests in urban environments, international plant protection, the current status of DDT, the importance of training pest-control personnel, and procedures of forest spraying. Other chapters focus on pesticide management safety from a medical perspective; pesticide safety as it relates to the manufacturing, warehousing, and distribution of pesticides; importance of pesticide application equipment and related field practices in developing countries; and the importance of pesticides in successful pest management programs. This book is a valuable resource for scientists, students, researchers, and policymakers who want to ensure the safety of consumers, applicators, and harvesters when using pesticides.
Pest Resistance to Pesticides by G. P. Georghiou Pdf
The development of resistance to pesticides is generally acknowledged as one of the most serious obstacles to effective pest control today. Since house flies first developed resistance to DDT in 1946, more than 428 species of arthropods, at least 91 species of plant pathogens, five species of noxious weeds and two species of nematodes were reported to have developed strains resistant to on~ or more pesticides. A seminar of U. S. and Japanese scientists was held in Palm Springs, California, during December 3-7, 1979, under the U. S. -Japan Cooperative Science Program, in order to evaluate the status of research on resistance and to discuss directions for future emphasis. A total of 32 papers were presented under three principal topics: Origins and Dynamics of Resistance (6), Mechanisms of Resistance (18), and Suppression and Management of Resistance (8). The seminar was unique in that it brought together for the first time researchers from the disciplines of entomology, plant pathology and weed science for a comprehensive discussion of this common problem. Significant advances have been identified in (a) the development of methods for detection and monitoring of resistance in arthropods (electrophoresis, diagnostic dosage tests) and plant pathogens, (b) research on biochemical and physiological mechanisms of resis tance (cytochrome p450, sensitivity of target site, gene regulation), (c) the identification and quantification of biotic, genetic and operational factors influencing the evolution of resistance, and (d) the exploration of pest management approaches incorporating resis tance-delaying measures.
Resistance’ 91: Achievements and Developments in Combating Pesticide Resistance by I. Denholm,A. Devonshire,D. Hollomon Pdf
The development of pesticide resistance in arthropod pests, plant pathogens and weeds can be viewed and studied from two contrasting perspectives. At a fundamental level, resistance provides an almost ideal example of adaptation to withstand severe environmental stress. Population geneticists, biochemists and, most recently, molecular biologists have cast considerable light on the nature of this adaptation in diverse taxonomic groups, and on factors determining its selection and spread within and between populations. Unlike most evolutionary phenomena, however, resistance is also of immediate practical and economic significance. Not only has the number of resistant species continued to increase inexorably, but there has been an alarming increase in the severity and extent of some resistance problems. Cases of organisms resisting virtually all available pesticides are by no means uncommon, and pose a formidable challenge in view of present difficulties in discovering and developing novel chemicals. Although most occurrences of resistance were initially monofactorial, resistance now frequently involves a suite of coexisting mechanisms that protect organisms against the same or different pesticide groups, and may even predispose them to resist new, as yet unused chemicals.
Molecular Mechanisms of Insecticide Resistance by Christopher A. Mullin,Jeffrey G. Scott Pdf
Presents the most recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which insects acquire resistance to natural, synthetic, and bioengineered insecticides. Examines the major identified molecular mechanisms including gene amplification and changes in structural genes or gene expression that confer resistance. Also compares mechanisms among Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Homoptera, and Orthoptera and summarizes biochemical and genetic strategies that can be used to delay the development of resistance to insect control agents for the future.
Insecticide Resistance by Ian Denholm,John A. Pickett,Alan L. Devonshire Pdf
Resistance by insects and other arthropod pests to chemically-based control strategies is a major problem in crop protection as well as in medical and veterinary entomology. For every new approach to pest control, it seems that resistance is likely to develop. This book addresses these topical issues and is based on a Discussion Meeting held at the Royal Society, London, in April 1998. Contributors include scientists from leading research groups in Europe, North America, Asia and Australia. The book is essential reading for agricultural, medical and veterinary entomologists concerned with pest management.
Ecological and Evolutionary Aspects of Insecticide Resistance by John A. McKenzie Pdf
This comprehensive book addresses the ecological & evolutionary forces that shape the response of insect populations to attempted control by chemical insecticides. Through broad coverage of the literature, the author investigates phenotypic basis of the change from susceptibility to resistance at genetic, molecular, & biochemical levels, & then relates the results to the most effective strategies for managing resistance. Within this framework, this book critically analyzes areas of current research, & identifies areas of future research. Dr. McKenzie emphasizes the necessity of a pure research approach to understanding the evolution of resistance & he asserts that resistance systems are ideal models for tackling questions of general ecological & evolutionary interest.
Advances in Insect Control and Resistance Management by A. Rami Horowitz,Isaac Ishaaya Pdf
This book covers advanced concepts and creative ideas with regard to insect biorational control and insecticide resistance management. Some chapters present and summarize general strategies or tactics for managing insect pests such as the principles of IPM in various crop systems and biorational control of insect pests, advances in organic farming, alternative strategies for controlling orchard and field-crop pests. Other chapters cover alternative methods for controlling pests such as disruption of insect reproductive systems and utilization of semiochemicals and diatomaceous earth formulations, and developing bioacoustic methods for mating disruption. Another part is devoted to insecticide resistance: mechanisms and novel approaches for managing insect resistance in agriculture and in public health.
Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Emerging Infections
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Emerging Infections Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 333 pages File Size : 47,5 Mb Release : 2003-03-26 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309168304
The Resistance Phenomenon in Microbes and Infectious Disease Vectors by Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Emerging Infections Pdf
The resistance topic is timely given current events. The emergence of mysterious new diseases, such as SARS, and the looming threat of bioterrorist attacks remind us of how vulnerable we can be to infectious agents. With advances in medical technologies, we have tamed many former microbial foes, yet with few new antimicrobial agents and vaccines in the pipeline, and rapidly increasing drug resistance among infectious microbes, we teeter on the brink of loosing the upperhand in our ongoing struggle against these foes, old and new. The Resistance Phenomenon in Microbes and Infectious Disease Vectors examines our understanding of the relationships among microbes, disease vectors, and human hosts, and explores possible new strategies for meeting the challenge of resistance.
Biochemical Sites of Insecticide Action and Resistance by Isaac Ishaaya Pdf
In recent years many of the conventional methods of insect control by broad spectrum synthetic chemicals have come under scrutiny because of their unde sirable effects on human health and the environment. In addition, some classes of pesticide chemistry, which generated resistance problems and severely affected the environment, are no longer used. It is against this background that the authors of this book present up-to-date findings-relating to biochemical sites that can serve as targets for developing insecticides with selective prop erties, and as the basis for the elucidation of resistance mechanisms and countermeasures. The book consists of eight chapters relating to biochemical targets for insec ticide action and seven chapters relating to biochemical modes of resistance and countermeasures. The authors of the chapters are world leaders in pesti cide chemistry, biochemical modes of action and mechanisms of resistance. Biochemical sites such as chitin formation, juvenile hormone and ecdysone receptors, acetylcholine and GABA receptors, ion channels, and neuropeptides are potential targets for insecticide action. The progress made in recent years in molecular biology (presented in depth in this volume) has led to the iden tification of genes that confer mechanisms of resistance, such as increased detoxification, decreased penetration and insensitive target sites. A combina tion of factors can lead to potentiation of the resistance level. Classifications of these mechanisms are termed gene amplification, changes in structural genes, and modification of gene expression.