Integrating The Least Developed Countries Into The World Trading System

Author : Paul Brenton
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 31 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1290704439

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Integrating the Least Developed Countries into the World Trading System by Paul Brenton Pdf

Trade preferences are a key element in industrial countries' efforts to assist the integration of least developed countries (LDCs) into the world economy. Brenton provides an initial evaluation of the impact of the European Union's recently introduced quot;Everything but Armsquot; (EBA) initiative on the products currently exported by the LDCs. He shows that the changes introduced by the EBA initiative in 2001 are relatively minor for currently exported products, primarily because over 99 percent of EU imports from the LDCs are in products which the EU had already liberalized, and the complete removal of barriers to the key remaining products - rice, sugar, and bananas - has been delayed. Brenton looks at the role EU preferences to LDCs in general have been playing and could play in assisting the integration of the LDCs. He shows that there is considerable variation across countries in the potential impact that EU preferences can have given current export structures. There is a group of LDCs for whom EU trade preferences on existing exports are not significant since these exports are mainly of products where the most-favored-nation duty is zero. Export diversification is the key issue for these countries. For other LDCs, EU preferences have the potential to provide a more substantial impact on trade. However, the author shows that only 50 percent of EU imports from non-ACP (Africa, Caribbean, and Pacific) LDCs which are eligible actually request preferential access to the EU. The prime suspect for this low level of use are the rules of origin, both the restrictiveness of the requirements on sufficient processing and the costs and difficulties of providing the necessary documentation. More simple rules of origin are likely to enhance the impact of EU trade preferences in terms of improving market access and in stimulating diversification toward a broader range of exports.This paper - a product of the International Trade Department, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network - is part of a larger effort in the network to analyze the impact of trade preferences.

Author : Paul Brenton
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Developing countries
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Integrating the Least Developed Countries Into the World Trading System by Paul Brenton Pdf

Trade preferences are a key element in industrial countries' efforts to assist the integration of least developed countries (LDCs) into the world economy. Brenton provides an initial evaluation of the impact of the European Union's recently introduced "Everything but Arms" (EBA) initiative on the products currently exported by the LDCs. He shows that the changes introduced by the EBA initiative in 2001 are relatively minor for currently exported products, primarily because over 99 percent of EU imports from the LDCs are in products which the EU had already liberalized, and the complete removal of barriers to the key remaining products-rice, sugar, and bananas-has been delayed. Brenton looks at the role EU preferences to LDCs in general have been playing and could play in assisting the integration of the LDCs. He shows that there is considerable variation across countries in the potential impact that EU preferences can have given current export structures. There is a group of LDCs for whom EU trade preferences on existing exports are not significant since these exports are mainly of products where the most-favored-nation duty is zero. Export diversification is the key issue for these countries. For other LDCs, EU preferences have the potential to provide a more substantial impact on trade. However, the author shows that only 50 percent of EU imports from non-ACP (Africa, Caribbean, and Pacific) LDCs which are eligible actually request preferential access to the EU. The prime suspect for this low level of use are the rules of origin, both the restrictiveness of the requirements on sufficient processing and the costs and difficulties of providing the necessary documentation. More simple rules of origin are likely to enhance the impact of EU trade preferences in terms of improving market access and in stimulating diversification toward a broader range of exports.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9287053510

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Boosting Trade Opportunities for Least-developed Countries by Anonim Pdf

This report looks at progress over the past decade in supporting the integration of least-developed countries (LDCs) into the multilateral trading system. Prepared as the WTO's contribution to the 5th United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries (LDC5), the report highlights that international efforts to help LDCs increase their participation in global trade are needed more than ever before in view of the enormous challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Important progress has been achieved in boosting LDC exports over the last decade by improving market access opportunities for LDCs and by granting them flexibilities in the implementation of WTO rules. Further efforts will be needed to support trade growth in LDCs in the next decade. LDC5 can set a path for allowing LDCs to fully realize their trade potential and to take advantage of emerging opportunities. The integration of LDCs into global trade is still a priority as trade can play an important role in driving economic growth and supporting sustainable development.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Springer
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2000-11-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105112835389

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Trade, Development and the Environment by Anonim Pdf

In recent years the relationships between trade and the environment, and trade and development, have become increasingly complex. The need to reconcile the competing demands of economic growth, economic development, and environmental protection has become central to the multilateral trade agenda. In this volume various commentators debate the role of the World Trade Organization and other institutions in addressing these challenges. The book arises from the papers presented at two High Level Symposia hosted by the World Trade Organization in March 1999, on Trade and the Environment and Trade and Development. The first section of the work focuses on the relationship between trade and the environment. The issues addressed include the need for WTO members to pursue integrated trade and environmental policies in order to achieve sustainable development, ways in which the removal of trade restrictions and distortions can lead to positive environmental and development solutions, the relationship between WTO provisions and trade measures contained in environmental agreements, and the need for transparency and effective interaction between civil society and the trade community. The second section examines the growing importance of developing countries in the global trading system over the last 30 years, and the ways in which the inequalities which persist between countries may be addressed. The papers include discussion of the need for integration of the least-developed countries into the multilateral trading system, the ways in which international institutions may work together to realize the objective of development, the complex role of trade liberalization in development, and the importance of new technologies in accelerating integration between developing and developed countries.

Author : Bernard M. Hoekman
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Developing countries
ISBN : 9782050402423

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Strengthening the Global Trade Architecture for Development by Bernard M. Hoekman Pdf

The World Trade Organization (WTO) has a role to play in strengthening the global trading system for development, primarily by lowering barriers to trade in goods and services and ensuring that trade rules are useful to Developing countries. But greater international cooperation must complement WTO-based negotiations, in particular, concerted action outside the WTO to enhance the trade capacity of poor countries ("aid for trade").

Author : Bernard M. Hoekman,Aaditya Mattoo,Philip English
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 674 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 082134997X

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Development, Trade, and the WTO by Bernard M. Hoekman,Aaditya Mattoo,Philip English Pdf

Publisher's description: Developing countries are increasingly confronted with the need to address trade policy related issues in international agreements, most prominently the World Trade Organization (WTO). New WTO negotiations on a broad range of subjects were launched in November 2001. Determining whether and how international trade agreements can support economic development is a major challenge. Stakeholders in developing countries must be informed on the issues and understand how their interests can be pursued through international cooperation. This handbook offers guidance on the design of trade policy reform, surveys key disciplines and the functioning of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and discusses numerous issues and options that confront developing countries in using international cooperation to improve domestic policy and obtain access to export markets. Many of the issues discussed are also relevant in the context of regional integration agreements. Separate sections of the handbook summarize what constitutes sound trade policy; the major aspects of the WTO from a development perspective; policy issues in the area of merchandise trade and the liberalization of international transactions in services; protection of intellectual property rights and economic development; new regulatory subjects that are emerging in the agenda of trade talks; and enhancing participation of developing countries in the global trading system.

Author : Kym Anderson,Richard Blackhurst
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 536 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Commerce
ISBN : UCSC:32106010184205

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Regional Integration and the Global Trading System by Kym Anderson,Richard Blackhurst Pdf

Discusses questions surrounding the relationship between regional integration agreements and the global trading system. It has been revised following a conference at the GATT and forms part of the background material for a study in the GATT Secretariat's annual report, "International Trade".

Author : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
Publisher : United Nations
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2020-06-26
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789210048675

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Effective Market Access for Least Developed Countries’ Services Exports, Case Study on Utilizing the World Trade Organization Services Waiver in Zambia by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Pdf

The LDC Waiver is a legal tool that enables WTO Members to sidestep their obligation to treat all services imports equally under the Most-Favoured Nation (MFN) clause through the granting preferential treatment to services and service exporters from a Least Developed Country (LDC). It is similar to the “Enabling Clause” for goods within the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), except that the Waiver only benefits LDCs, not all developing countries. It operates thus as an “LDC-only Enabling Clause for services”. The Waiver only enables preferences, it does not require WTO Members to grant them, nor provide them with specific ideas or tools to facilitate LDCs’ exports into their markets. This paper presents the findings of the pilot study on Zambia. Focusing on a selection of services sectors of particular export interest to Zambia, this case-study assesses, where appropriate on an anecdotal basis, whether and to what extent the preferences granted by WTO Members respond to the market access, regulatory and other barriers experienced by Zambia’s services exporters in their export market(s). By converging all available sources of information, the analysis aims to identify the relevance of the notified preferences for Zambia’s services exports, possible gaps and opportunities for further development of improved market access mechanisms, as well as its utilization by LDC services exporters.

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2006-04-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105122269710

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Integrating Poor Countries Into the World Trading System by International Monetary Fund Pdf

Efforts to liberalize world trade are increasingly focusing on strengthening the links between low-income countries’ trade policies and their development strategies. However, although greater trade openness promises faster growth for poor countries, it also presents risks to those with small and undiversified economies. This pamphlet explores research by Fund staff into the nature and magnitude of these risks and proposes targeted policy solutions to ease adjustments and encourage developing countries to choose fuller participation in the world trading system.

Author : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
Publisher : United Nations
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2020-06-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789210048651

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Effective Market Access for Least Developed Countries’ Services Exports, Case Study on Utilizing the World Trade Organization Services Waiver in Nepal by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Pdf

The LDC Waiver is a legal tool that enables WTO Members to sidestep their obligation to treat all services imports equally under the Most-Favoured Nation (MFN) clause through the granting preferential treatment to services and service exporters from a Least Developed Country (LDC). It is similar to the “Enabling Clause” for goods within the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), except that the Waiver only benefits LDCs, not all developing countries. It operates thus as an “LDC-only Enabling Clause for services”. The Waiver only enables preferences, it does not require WTO Members to grant them, nor provide them with specific ideas or tools to facilitate LDCs’ exports into their markets. This paper presents the findings of the pilot study on Nepal. Focusing on a selection of services sectors of particular export interest to Nepal, this case-study assesses, where appropriate on an anecdotal basis, whether and to what extent the preferences granted by WTO Members respond to the market access, regulatory and other barriers experienced by Nepal’s services exporters in their export market(s). By converging all available sources of information, the analysis aims to identify the relevance of the notified preferences for Nepal’s services exports, possible gaps and opportunities for further development of improved market access mechanisms, as well as its utilization by LDC services exporters.

Author : Constantine Michalopoulos
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 96 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Acceso a los mercados
ISBN : UCSD:31822028165827

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Trade Policy and Market Access Issues for Developing Countries by Constantine Michalopoulos Pdf

Abstract: October 1999 - An analysis of developing countries' current trade policies and market access problems is used as a basis for recommending positions for these countries in the new round of multilateral negotiations under the World Trade Organization. Michalopoulos analyzes 61 trade policy reviews prepared for the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its predecessor, GATT - reviews that document the progress developing countries have made in integration with the world trading system over the past decade. Based on an analysis of post-Uruguay Round tariff and nontariff barriers worldwide, he then recommends developing country positions on major issues in the new round of WTO trade negotiations. His key conclusions and recommendations: Agriculture. Developing countries should support the Cairns Group in its push for greater liberalization of industrial countries' agricultural trade policies; the revised Food Aid Convention is not a substitute for but a complement to worldwide liberalization of agriculture; Manufactures. The existence of tariff peaks and escalation in industrial country markets and the limited bindings at relatively high levels of developing country tariffs on manufactures present opportunities for negotiations with good prospects for shared and balanced benefits. The remaining nontariff barriers in industrial countries that affect manufactures are concentrated in textiles and clothing. Developing countries should ensure that industrial countries implement their commitments to liberalize this sector and impose no new nontariff barriers in this or other sectors under the guise of other rules or arrangements. The remaining nontariff barriers in developing countries should be converted into tariffs and reduced over time as part of the negotiations; Antidumping. The increased use of antidumping measures by high- and middle-income developing countries in recent periods offers an opportunity for balanced negotiations to restrict their use. Reduced use of antidumping measures would increase efficiency and benefit consumers in all countries. But it is unclear whether a supportive climate for such negotiations exists in either industrial or developing countries. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to identify opportunities for developing countries in the WTO 2000 negotiations. The author may be contacted at [email protected].

Author : Diana Tussie
Publisher : Burns & Oates
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 1987-01
Category : Developing countries
ISBN : 086187725X

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The Less Developed Countries and the World Trading System by Diana Tussie Pdf

Author : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Political Science
ISBN : UCBK:C107411463

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Most-favoured-nation Treatment by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Pdf

The publication contains an explanation of Most Favored Nation (MFN) treatment and some of the key issues that arise in its negotiation, particularly the scope and application of MFN treatment to the liberalization and protection of foreign investors in recent treaty practice. The paper provides policy options as regards the traditional application of MFN treatment and identifies reactions by States to the unexpected broad use of MFN treatment, and provides several drafting options, such as specifying or narrowing down the scope of application of MFN treatment to certain types of activities, clarifying the nature of "treatment" under the IIA, clarifying the comparison that an arbitral tribunal needs to undertake as well as a qualification of the comparison "in like circumstances" or excluding its use in investor-State cases.

Author : World Bank Group,World Trade Organization
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9287040133

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The Role of Trade in Ending Poverty by World Bank Group,World Trade Organization Pdf

Trade will have an important role at the global level in generating the growth necessary for reducing extreme poverty to 3 percent and boosting prosperity for the poorest 40 percent by 2030. To identify the most important challenges that exist in maximizing the positive impact of trade on poverty, we need to understand who the poor are, where they are, and what economic activities they undertake. To this end, the study highlights particularly relevant dimensions of poverty: rural poverty in remote areas, informality, fragile and conflict situations, and women. For each of these issues, this study considers the main traderelated barriers and challenges, along with policy responses to address them. It shows the importance of the multilateral trading system and of the Doha Round, as well as the important role of the WBG and WTO in promoting coherence and implementing trade policies in a way that delivers the greatest possible benefits for the poor.

Author : Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Comercio y Desarrollo,Conférence des Nations Unies sur le commerce et le développement,United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Staff,World Trade Organization,Conference on Trade and Development
Publisher : United Nations Publications
Page : 383 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Developing countries
ISBN : 9211125685

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WTO Accessions and Development Policies by Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Comercio y Desarrollo,Conférence des Nations Unies sur le commerce et le développement,United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Staff,World Trade Organization,Conference on Trade and Development Pdf

This publication considers the key issues involved in World Trade Organization (WTO) accession, based upon the experience of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) in assisting developing countries and countries in transition in the accession process. It examines the difficulties faced by acceding countries, particularly least developed countries (LDCs), and aims to promote the strengthening of support for their integration into the international trading system on balanced terms consistent with their development needs.