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Author : Edwin Mansfield
Publisher : Washington, D.C. : World Bank
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Law
ISBN : UCSD:31822016868994
Author : Edwin Mansfield
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 46 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821334425
World Bank Technical Paper No. 306. This paper examines ways in which state-owned enterprises (SOEs) may be structured, governed, operated, and financed as modern corporations. The authors present lessons learned from empirical research and eight case studies and explore the possibilities of systemic limits to reform.
Author : Kamal Saggi
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Attributes
ISBN : 9781706080978
Abstract: May 2000 - How much a developing country can take advantage of technology transfer from foreign direct investment depends partly on how well educated and well trained its workforce is, how much it is willing to invest in research and development, and how much protection it offers for intellectual property rights. Saggi surveys the literature on trade and foreign direct investment - especially wholly owned subsidiaries of multinational firms and international joint ventures - as channels for technology transfer. He also discusses licensing and other arm's-length channels of technology transfer. He concludes: How trade encourages growth depends on whether knowledge spillover is national or international. Spillover is more likely to be national for developing countries than for industrial countries; Local policy often makes pure foreign direct investment infeasible, so foreign firms choose licensing or joint ventures. The jury is still out on whether licensing or joint ventures lead to more learning by local firms; Policies designed to attract foreign direct investment are proliferating. Several plant-level studies have failed to find positive spillover from foreign direct investment to firms competing directly with subsidiaries of multinationals. (However, these studies treat foreign direct investment as exogenous and assume spillover to be horizontal - when it may be vertical.) All such studies do find the subsidiaries of multinationals to be more productive than domestic firms, so foreign direct investment does result in host countries using resources more effectively; Absorptive capacity in the host country is essential for getting significant benefits from foreign direct investment. Without adequate human capital or investments in research and development, spillover fails to materialize; A country's policy on protection of intellectual property rights affects the type of industry it attracts. Firms for which such rights are crucial (such as pharmaceutical firms) are unlikely to invest directly in countries where such protections are weak, or will not invest in manufacturing and research and development activities. Policy on intellectual property rights also influences whether technology transfer comes through licensing, joint ventures, or the establishment of wholly owned subsidiaries. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study microfoundations of international technology diffusion. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Microfoundations of International Technology Diffusion. The author may be contacted at [email protected].
Author : Kamal Saggi
Publisher : World Scientific Publishing Company
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2023-07-26
Category : Intellectual property
ISBN : 981323301X
This volume collects 30 papers covering channels of international technology transfer; multinational firms, market structure, and welfare; intellectual property rights, foreign direct investment, and innovation; flexibilities contained in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS); exhaustion of intellectual property rights and compulsory licensing of patents; trade, foreign direct investment, and industrial policy; and oligopolistic competition, research and development, and vertical contracts.
Author : Lee Branstetter,Raymond Fisman,C. Fritz Foley
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Intellectual property
ISBN : 9780040917155
One of the alleged benefits of the recent global movement to strengthen intellectual property rights (IPRs) is that such reforms accelerate transfers of technology between countries. Branstetter, Fisman, and Foley examine how technology transfer among U.S. multinational firms changes in response to a series of IPR reforms undertaken by 12 countries over the 1982-99 period. Their analysis of detailed firm-level data reveal that royalty payments for intangibles transferred to affiliates increase at the time of reforms, as do affiliate research and development (R & D) expenditures and total levels of foreign patent applications. Increases in royalty payments and R & D expenditures are more than 20 percent larger among affiliates of parent companies that use U.S. patents more extensively prior to reform and therefore are expected to value IPR reform most. This paper--a product of Trade, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the global impact of stronger intellectual property rights.
Author : Keith E. Maskus,Carsten Fink
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2005-01-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 0821383485
International policies toward protecting intellectual property rights have seen profound changes over the past two decades. Rules on how to protect patents, copyright, trademarks and other forms of intellectual property have become a standard component of international trade agreements. Most significantly, during the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations (1986-94), members of what is today the World Trade Organization (WTO) concluded the Agreement on Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), which sets out minimum standards of protection that most of the world's economies have to respect. How will developing countries fare in this new international environment? Intellectual Property and Development brings together empirical research that assesses the effects of changing intellectual property regimes on various measures of economic and social performance - ranging from international trade, foreign investment and competition, to innovation and access to new technologies. The studies presented point to an important development dimension to the protection of intellectual property. But a one-size fits all approach to intellectual property is unlikely to work. There is need to adjust intellectual property norms to domestic needs, taking into account developing countries' capacity to innovate, technological needs, and institutional capabilities. In addition, governments need to consider a range of complementary policies to maximize the benefits and reduce the costs of reformed intellectual property regulations. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of international law, particularly in the area of intellectual property rights, international trade, and public policy.
Author : Kamal Saggi
Publisher : Commonwealth Secretariat
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0850927951
Bridging the technology gap is an issue faced by most countries, but in developing countries the issue is doubly critical. Not only do they lag further behind relative to other countries but they also face more stringent resource constraints. This title provides a through overview of the economics of ITT relevant to developing countries and will be invaluable as a reference tool for policy makers, trade officials and trade negotiators.Part One identifies the role played by existing policy in trade, foreign direct investment and intellectual property rights in facilitating International Technology Transfer (ITT). Pertinent analysis of the major implications of the report is given.The WTO Working Group on Trade and Technology Transfer was established with the aim of encouraging technology transfer to developing countries. Part Two outlines the Group's findings for increasing flows of technology.
Author : Lukas Vanhonnaeker
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2015-07-31
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781784712518
What is the level of convergence between the international investment law framework and the international legal regime regulating intellectual property rights? This discerning book examines the interface between intellectual property and foreign direct
Author : James Andrew Lewis
Publisher : CSIS
Page : 98 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Law
ISBN : 0892065125
A report of the CSIS Technology and Public Policy Program.
Author : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Publisher : New York : United Nations
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015054434603
The transfer of technology to developing countries has been an important aspect of international economic relations over the past three decades. It is desirable that such countries should be able to benefit from the generation, transfer and diffusion of the best available technology, in order to promote their development. Unfortunately, there is an asymmetry between technology possession and the location of technological need, since most the world's advanced technology is generated privately by transnational corporations based in developed countries. Various policy responses have been drawn up to address this gap, and so widen the access to technology by developing countries. This publication looks at the subject in the context of international investment agreements. Issues discussed include: the treatment of proprietary knowledge; approaches to encouraging technology transfer; and policy options for the future.
Author : Keith E. Maskus,Jerome H. Reichman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 952 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2005-06-08
Category : Law
ISBN : 1139444336
Distinguished economists, political scientists, and legal experts discuss the implications of the increasingly globalized protection of intellectual property rights for the ability of countries to provide their citizens with such important public goods as basic research, education, public health, and environmental protection. Such items increasingly depend on the exercise of private rights over technical inputs and information goods, which could usher in a brave new world of accelerating technological innovation. However, higher and more harmonized levels of international intellectual property rights could also throw up high roadblocks in the path of follow-on innovation, competition and the attainment of social objectives. It is at best unclear who represents the public interest in negotiating forums dominated by powerful knowledge cartels. This is the first book to assess the public processes and inputs that an emerging transnational system of innovation will need to promote technical progress, economic growth and welfare for all participants.
Author : Min Chen
Publisher : Van Nostrand Reinhold Company
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UCSD:31822023723836
As a result of the rapid globalization of business the subject of international technology transfer is now of importance to both scholars and practitioners of international business. In drawing his examination from the fields of international studies, international management and international law, Min Chen provides a comprehensive consideration of the management and legal implications of international technology transfer. The text is divided into four organically linked parts which discuss comparative national policies on technology transfer, the international protection of intellectual property, international licensing and, lastly, international technology transfer via other major commercial channels. This work should be of interest to students and academics in business and technology, also to international executives and lawyers.
Author : Keith E. Maskus
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
Page : 559 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2007-10-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780444527646
Offers comprehensive and analytical literature surveys of the central questions regarding the linkages between intellectual property protection, international trade and investment, and economic growth. This book covers such questions as policy coordination in IPR, dispute resolution, and markets for technology and technology transfer.
Author : Bernard M. Hoekman,Keith Eugene Maskus,Kamal Saggi
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Technology transfer
ISBN : 9780729155007
Author : Carlos Correa,Xavier Seuba
Publisher : Springer
Page : 431 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2019-02-25
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789811328565
This book comprises chapters by leading international authors analysing the interface between intellectual property and foreign direct investment, development, and free trade. The authors search for a balance between the conflicting interests that inherently coexist in intellectual property law. The chapters dig deep into the subjects and notions that have become central in international intellectual property legal developments: i) flexibility, public interest and policy-space for implementation; ii) interfaces between the intellectual property regime and other legal regimes; and iii) the development of international intellectual property law and its influence on national legal orders, which includes the implementation of intellectual property undertakings.
