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Author : Bo Huang,Yan Li,Merja H. Tölle
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2023-03-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832519431
Author : E.F. Wood
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400921559
It is well known that the interactions between land surfaces and the atmosphere, and the resulting exchanges in water and energy have a tremendous affect on climate. The inadequate representation of land-atmosphere interactions is a major weakness in current climate models, and is providing the motivation for the HAPEX and ISLSCP experiments as well as the proposed Global Energy and Water Experiment (GEWEX) and the Earth Observing System (EOS) mission. The inadequate representation reflects the recognition that the well-known phys ical relationships, which are well described at small scales, result in different relationships when represented at the scales used in climate models. Understanding this transition in the mathematical relationships with increased space-time scales appears to be very difficult, and has led to different approaches; at one extreme, the famous "bucket" model where the land-surface is a simple one layer storage without vegetation; the other extreme may be Seller's Simple Biosphere Model (Sib) where one big leaf covers the climate model grid. Given the heterogeneous nature of landforms, soils and vegetation within a climate model grid, the development of new land surface parameterizations, and their verification through large scale experiments is perceived to be a challenging area of research for the hydrology and meteorology communities. This book evolved from a workshop held at Princeton University to explore the status of land surface parameterizations within climate models, and how observa tional data can be used to assess these parameterizations and improve models.
Author : Stefan Brönnimann,Jürg Luterbacher,Tracy Ewen,Henry F. Diaz,Richard S. Stolarski,Urs Neu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2007-12-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402067662
This volume provides an up to date overview of climate variability during the 20th century in the context of natural and anthropogenic variability. It compiles a number of contributions to a workshop held in Gwatt, Switzerland, in July 2006 dealing with different aspects of climate change, variability, and extremes during the past 100 years. The individual contributions cover a broad range of topics. The volume fills a gap in this exciting field of research.
Author : E. F. Wood
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 1990-12-31
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 940092156X
Author : Yaoming Ma,Li Jia,Massimo Menenti
Publisher : Mdpi AG
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2023-03-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 3036565159
This book is focused on recent advances in land-atmosphere interactions and their effects on climate change over the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding regions using multisource remote sensing data and in situ measurements. Retrieval of land surface variables and surface heat fluxes as well as change monitoring in snow, glaciers, lakes, and other land-surface covers are of particular interest. Special attention is given to the retrieval of land-surface key properties, variations in land-surface heat fluxes, estimation of precipitation and evapotranspiration, change monitoring of glacier and lakes, the responses of lakes to climate change, carbon, water and heat exchange in terrestrial ecosystems, risk assessment of snow disasters, estimation of turbulence characteristics, and vegetation dynamics and its response to weather and climate. This book was funded by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (Grant No. 2019QZKK0103); National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42230610, 91837208, 41875031).
Author : Ram Babu Singh,Jefferson Fox,Yukio Himiyama
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015050767451
This text aims to promote a better understanding of land use and land-cover change in the assessment and management of global environmental resources, and to develop a comparative framework for assessing these changes.
Author : Boris A. Kagan
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 390 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1995-03-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780521444453
A comprehensive 1995 treatment of all aspects of ocean-atmosphere interactions, for advanced students and professional researchers.
Author : Majeti Narasimha Var Prasad,Marcin Pietrzykowski
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 840 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2020-03-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128180334
Climate Change and Soil Interactions examines soil system interactions and conservation strategies regarding the effects of climate change. It presents cutting-edge research in soil carbonization, soil biodiversity, and vegetation. As a resource for strategies in maintaining various interactions for eco-sustainability, topical chapters address microbial response and soil health in relation to climate change, as well as soil improvement practices. Understanding soil systems, including their various physical, chemical, and biological interactions, is imperative for regaining the vitality of soil system under changing climatic conditions. This book will address the impact of changing climatic conditions on various beneficial interactions operational in soil systems and recommend suitable strategies for maintaining such interactions. Climate Change and Soil Interactions enables agricultural, ecological, and environmental researchers to obtain up-to-date, state-of-the-art, and authoritative information regarding the impact of changing climatic conditions on various soil interactions and presents information vital to understanding the growing fields of biodiversity, sustainability, and climate change. Addresses several sustainable development goals proposed by the UN as part of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development Presents a wide variety of relevant information in a unique style corroborated with factual cases, colour images, and case studies from across the globe Recommends suitable strategies for maintaining soil system interactions under changing climatic conditions
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,America's Climate Choices: Panel on Advancing the Science of Climate Change
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 526 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2011-01-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309145886
Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities, and poses significant risks for-and in many cases is already affecting-a broad range of human and natural systems. The compelling case for these conclusions is provided in Advancing the Science of Climate Change, part of a congressionally requested suite of studies known as America's Climate Choices. While noting that there is always more to learn and that the scientific process is never closed, the book shows that hypotheses about climate change are supported by multiple lines of evidence and have stood firm in the face of serious debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations. As decision makers respond to these risks, the nation's scientific enterprise can contribute through research that improves understanding of the causes and consequences of climate change and also is useful to decision makers at the local, regional, national, and international levels. The book identifies decisions being made in 12 sectors, ranging from agriculture to transportation, to identify decisions being made in response to climate change. Advancing the Science of Climate Change calls for a single federal entity or program to coordinate a national, multidisciplinary research effort aimed at improving both understanding and responses to climate change. Seven cross-cutting research themes are identified to support this scientific enterprise. In addition, leaders of federal climate research should redouble efforts to deploy a comprehensive climate observing system, improve climate models and other analytical tools, invest in human capital, and improve linkages between research and decisions by forming partnerships with action-oriented programs.
Author : Pinki Mondal,Sonali Shukla McDermid
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2021-03-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783036505022
Global ecosystem changes are influenced by a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors. Ongoing changes in rainfall, temperature, and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can affect natural or managed vegetation, such as forest, grassland, or farmland. Moreover, anthropogenic pressures, such as forest clearing, cattle grazing, increasing infrastructural development, intensive management, and expansion of cropland, can contribute to ecosystem degradation. This collection presents a wide range of studies examining natural and anthropogenic drivers in diverse ecosystems in Africa, Asia, and North America.
Author : A. Henderson-Sellers,A.J Pitman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401132640
The chapters in this section place the problems of vegetation and climate interactions in semi-arid regions into the context which recur throughout the book. First, Verstraete and Schwartz review desertification as a process of global change evaluating both the human and climatic factors. The theme of human impact and land management is discussed further by Roberts whose review focuses on semi-arid land-use planning. In the third and final chapter in this section we return to the meteorological theme. Nicholls reviews the effects of El Nino/Southern Oscillation on Australian vegetation stressing, in particular, the interaction between plants and their climatic environment. Vegetatio 91: 3-13, 1991. 3 A. Henderson-Sellers and A. J. Pitman (eds). Vegetation and climate interactions in semi-arid regions. © 1991 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Desertification and global change 2 M. M. Verstraete! & S. A. Schwartz ! Institute for Remote Sensing Applications, CEC Joint Research Centre, Ispra Establishment, TP 440, 1-21020 Ispra (Varese), Italy; 2 Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109-2143, USA Accepted 24. 8. 1990 Abstract Arid and semiarid regions cover one third of the continental areas on Earth. These regions are very sensitive to a variety of physical, chemical and biological degradation processes collectively called desertification.
Author : Pavel Kabat,Martin Claussen,Paul A. Dirmeyer,John H.C. Gash,Lelys Bravo de Guenni,Michel Meybeck,Roger Pielke,Charles J. Vörösmarty,Ronald W.A. Hutjes,Sabine Lütkemeier
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 566 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642189487
A state-of-the-art overview of the influence of terrestrial vegetation and soils within the Earth system. The text deals especially with interactions between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere via the hydrological cycle and their interlinkage with anthropogenic activities. Measurements gathered in integrated field experiments in the Sahel, the Amazon, North America and South-east Asia confirm the importance of these interactions. Observations are complemented by modelling studies, including regional models that simulate flows and transport in river catchments, coupled land-cover and regional climate systems, and Earth-system and global circulation models. Water, nutrient and sediment fluxes in river basins are also discussed and are shown to be highly impacted and regulated by humans through land use, pollution and river engineering. Finally, the book discusses environmental vulnerability and methodologies for assessing the risks associated with regional and global climatic and environmental variability and change. The results reported in this book are based on the research work of many individual scientists and teams around the world associated with the objectives of the IGBP-BAHC and WCRP-GEWEX international research programmes.
Author : Laurent Marquer,Andrea Seim,Niina Kuosmanen,Triin Reitalu,Olga Solomina,Miikka Tallavaara
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2023-02-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832513750
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1118928814
Author : Eric F. Lambin,Helmut J. Geist
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2008-01-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540322023
This book presents recent estimates on the rate of change of major land classes. Aggregated globally, multiple impacts of local land changes are shown to significantly affect central aspects of Earth System functioning. The book offers innovative developments and applications in the fields of modeling and scenario construction. Conclusions are also drawn about the most pressing implications for the design of appropriate intervention policies.