Land Surface Atmosphere Interactions For Climate Modeling

Author : E.F. Wood
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400921559

Get Book

Land Surface — Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling by E.F. Wood Pdf

It is well known that the interactions between land surfaces and the atmosphere, and the resulting exchanges in water and energy have a tremendous affect on climate. The inadequate representation of land-atmosphere interactions is a major weakness in current climate models, and is providing the motivation for the HAPEX and ISLSCP experiments as well as the proposed Global Energy and Water Experiment (GEWEX) and the Earth Observing System (EOS) mission. The inadequate representation reflects the recognition that the well-known phys ical relationships, which are well described at small scales, result in different relationships when represented at the scales used in climate models. Understanding this transition in the mathematical relationships with increased space-time scales appears to be very difficult, and has led to different approaches; at one extreme, the famous "bucket" model where the land-surface is a simple one layer storage without vegetation; the other extreme may be Seller's Simple Biosphere Model (Sib) where one big leaf covers the climate model grid. Given the heterogeneous nature of landforms, soils and vegetation within a climate model grid, the development of new land surface parameterizations, and their verification through large scale experiments is perceived to be a challenging area of research for the hydrology and meteorology communities. This book evolved from a workshop held at Princeton University to explore the status of land surface parameterizations within climate models, and how observa tional data can be used to assess these parameterizations and improve models.

Author : E. F. Wood
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1990-12-31
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 940092156X

Get Book

Land Surface - Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling by E. F. Wood Pdf

Author : Boris A. Kagan
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 390 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 1995-03-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780521444453

Get Book

Ocean Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Modeling by Boris A. Kagan Pdf

A comprehensive 1995 treatment of all aspects of ocean-atmosphere interactions, for advanced students and professional researchers.

Author : Stefan Brönnimann,Jürg Luterbacher,Tracy Ewen,Henry F. Diaz,Richard S. Stolarski,Urs Neu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2007-12-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402067662

Get Book

Climate Variability and Extremes during the Past 100 years by Stefan Brönnimann,Jürg Luterbacher,Tracy Ewen,Henry F. Diaz,Richard S. Stolarski,Urs Neu Pdf

This volume provides an up to date overview of climate variability during the 20th century in the context of natural and anthropogenic variability. It compiles a number of contributions to a workshop held in Gwatt, Switzerland, in July 2006 dealing with different aspects of climate change, variability, and extremes during the past 100 years. The individual contributions cover a broad range of topics. The volume fills a gap in this exciting field of research.

Author : Kendal McGuffie,Ann Henderson-Sellers
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118687857

Get Book

A Climate Modelling Primer by Kendal McGuffie,Ann Henderson-Sellers Pdf

As a consequence of recent increased awareness of the social and political dimensions of climate, many non-specialists discover a need for information about the variety of available climate models. A Climate Modelling Primer, Third Edition explains the basis and mechanisms of all types of current physically-based climate models. A thoroughly revised and updated edition, this book assists the reader in understanding the complexities and applicabilities of today’s wide range of climate models. Topics covered include the latest techniques for modelling the coupled biosphere-ocean-atmosphere system, information on current practical aspects of climate modelling and ways to evaluate and exploit the results, discussion of Earth System Models of Intermediate Complexity (EMICs), and interactive exercises based on Energy Balance Model (EBM) and the Daisyworld model. Source codes and results from a range of model types allows readers to make their own climate simulations and to view the results of the latest high resolution models. The accompanying CD contains: A suite of resources for those wishing to learn more about climate modelling. A range of model visualisations. Data from climate models for use in the classroom. Windows and Macintosh programs for an Energy Balance Model. Selected figures from the book for inclusion in presentations and lectures. Suitable for 3rd/4th year undergraduates taking courses in climate modelling, economic forecasting, computer science, environmental science, geography and oceanography. Also of relevance to researchers and professionals working in related disciplines with climate models or who need accessible technical background to climate modelling predictions.

Author : J. T. Kiehl,V. Ramanathan
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 410 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2011-06-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 1139453238

Get Book

Frontiers of Climate Modeling by J. T. Kiehl,V. Ramanathan Pdf

The physics and dynamics of the atmosphere and atmosphere-ocean interactions provide the foundation of modern climate models, upon which our understanding of the chemistry and biology of ocean and land surface processes are built. Originally published in 2006, Frontiers of Climate Modeling captures developments in modeling the atmosphere, and their implications for our understanding of climate change, whether due to natural or anthropogenic causes. Emphasis is on elucidating how greenhouse gases and aerosols are altering the radiative forcing of the climate system and the sensitivity of the system to such perturbations. An expert team of authors address key aspects of the atmospheric greenhouse effect, clouds, aerosols, atmospheric radiative transfer, deep convection dynamics, large scale ocean dynamics, stratosphere-troposphere interactions, and coupled ocean-atmosphere model development. The book is an important reference for researchers and advanced students interested in the forces driving the climate system and how they are modeled by climate scientists.

Author : Venkataraman Lakshmi,John Albertson,John Schaake
Publisher : American Geophysical Union
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2001-01-09
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015061150143

Get Book

Land Surface Hydrology, Meteorology, and Climate by Venkataraman Lakshmi,John Albertson,John Schaake Pdf

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Water Science and Application Series, Volume 3. Land surface hydrology integrates various physical, chemical and biological processes that occur above, on, and below the surface of the Earth. As a result, it is critical to accurately account for land surface processes within predictive models of hydrology, meteorology, and climate. One of our main difficulties, however, concerns the broad range of spatial and temporal scales that characterize land surface hydrological processes. For example, we determine infiltration by pore scale physics, while soil hydraulic conductivity remains a field scale property. Photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration occur at the leaf scale. Runoff is a catchment scale process, and the variability of groundwater storage is a regional scale issue. Turbulence in land-atmosphere exchanges of heat, moisture, and momentum occur on the order of seconds to minutes, while variations in land surface and air temperatures occur much more gradually: on the order of hours. The persistence of floods and droughts is seasonal to annual, and so is the effect of El Nino on regional hydrology. Long-term climate effects occur much more slowly, on the order of years to decades.

Author : P. S. Eagleson,Peter S. Eagleson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 574 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2011-02-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521107172

Get Book

Land Surface Processes in Atmospheric General Circulation Models by P. S. Eagleson,Peter S. Eagleson Pdf

This 1982 book consists of papers presented at the World Climate Research Programme study conference on land surface processes held in Greenbelt, Maryland from 5 to 10 January 1981. The papers cover the following: the state of knowledge of the sensitivity of atmospheric general circulation models on hydrology and other land surface processes: assessment of the state of knowledge of numerical modelling of hydrology and other land surface processes at the scale of atmospheric general circulation models; recommendations for research activities; establishment of data requirements for initialization, validation, and parameter evaluation. This book will continue to be of interest to atmospheric scientists, soil physicists, hydrologists and climatologists.

Author : Ram Babu Singh,Jefferson Fox,Yukio Himiyama
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015050767451

Get Book

Land Use and Cover Change by Ram Babu Singh,Jefferson Fox,Yukio Himiyama Pdf

This text aims to promote a better understanding of land use and land-cover change in the assessment and management of global environmental resources, and to develop a comparative framework for assessing these changes.

Author : Andrew Gettelman,Richard B. Rood
Publisher : Springer
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2016-04-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783662489598

Get Book

Demystifying Climate Models by Andrew Gettelman,Richard B. Rood Pdf

This book demystifies the models we use to simulate present and future climates, allowing readers to better understand how to use climate model results. In order to predict the future trajectory of the Earth’s climate, climate-system simulation models are necessary. When and how do we trust climate model predictions? The book offers a framework for answering this question. It provides readers with a basic primer on climate and climate change, and offers non-technical explanations for how climate models are constructed, why they are uncertain, and what level of confidence we should place in them. It presents current results and the key uncertainties concerning them. Uncertainty is not a weakness but understanding uncertainty is a strength and a key part of using any model, including climate models. Case studies of how climate model output has been used and how it might be used in the future are provided. The ultimate goal of this book is to promote a better understanding of the structure and uncertainties of climate models among users, including scientists, engineers and policymakers.

Author : Syukuro Manabe,Anthony J. Broccoli
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2020-01-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691185163

Get Book

Beyond Global Warming by Syukuro Manabe,Anthony J. Broccoli Pdf

From Nobel Prize winner Syukuro Manabe and Anthony Broccoli, a definitive account of how we have come to understand the fundamental processes behind global warming Syukuro Manabe is perhaps the leading pioneer of modern climate modeling. Beyond Global Warming is his compelling firsthand account of how the scientific community came to understand the human causes of climate change, and how numerical models using the world’s most powerful computers have been instrumental to these vital discoveries. Joined by atmospheric scientist Anthony Broccoli, Manabe shows how climate models have been used as virtual laboratories for examining the complex planetary interactions of atmosphere, ocean, and land. Manabe and Broccoli use these studies as the basis for a broader discussion of human-induced global warming—and what the future may hold for a warming planet. They tell the stories of early trailblazers such as Svante Arrhenius, the legendary Swedish scientist who created the first climate model of Earth more than a century ago, and they provide rare insights into Manabe’s own groundbreaking work over the past five decades. Expertly walking readers through key breakthroughs, they explain why increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide has caused temperatures to rise in the troposphere yet fall in the stratosphere, why the warming of the planet’s surface differs by hemisphere, why drought is becoming more frequent in arid regions despite the global increase in precipitation, and much more. Authoritative and illuminating, Beyond Global Warming is an invaluable insider’s look at some of today’s most cutting-edge Earth science, and a rare window into a brilliant scientific mind.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Challenges in Representing Physical Processes in Coupled Atmosphere-Land-Ocean Models
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2005-05-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309096096

Get Book

Improving the Scientific Foundation for Atmosphere-Land-Ocean Simulations by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Challenges in Representing Physical Processes in Coupled Atmosphere-Land-Ocean Models Pdf

The National Academies' Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (BASC) held a workshop to explore and evaluate current efforts to model physical processes of coupled atmosphere-land-ocean (A-L-O) models. Numerical models of the atmosphere and ocean are central to weather prediction, research, and education. Although great strides have been made over the past few decades in understanding the atmosphere and ocean, modeling capabilities, and numerical A-L-O simulations, some unresolved processes in the models do not adequately represent knowledge of the underlying physics. Moreover, there is evidence that further progress in numerical simulations is being impeded by the slow pace of improvement in the representation of key physical processes in the models and the fact that geophysical flow models are not receiving the attention needed to make these tools more useful and accurate. These models often are used to predict future events, so it is imperative that their underlying physical processes be represented as robustly as possible. During the workshop, the parameterization of physical processes in A-L-O models was addressed, including associated errors, testing, and efforts to improve the use of parameterizations. Participants also examined intellectual and scientific challenges in modeling and highlighted the idea that some of the key impediments to progress in representing physical processes are primarily cultural in nature.

Author : Boris A. Kagan
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2006-04-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521025931

Get Book

Ocean Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Modeling by Boris A. Kagan Pdf

This book aims to acquaint readers with the recent advances in experimental and theoretical investigations of ocean-atmosphere interactions, a rapidly developing field in earth sciences. Particular attention is paid to the scope and perspectives for satellite measurements and mathematical modeling. Current approaches to the construction of coupled ocean-atmosphere models (from the simplest one-dimensional to comprehensive three-dimensional ones) for the solution of key problems in climate theory are discussed in detail. Field measurements and the results of numerical climate simulations are presented and help to explain climate variability that arises from various natural and anthropogenic factors.

Author : Kendal McGuffie,Ann Henderson-Sellers
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 455 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2014-01-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118747186

Get Book

The Climate Modelling Primer by Kendal McGuffie,Ann Henderson-Sellers Pdf

As a consequence of recent increased awareness of the social and political dimensions of climate, many non-specialists discover a need for information about the variety of available climate models. A Climate Modelling Primer, Fourth Edition is designed to explain the basis and mechanisms of all types of current physically-based climate models. A thoroughly revised and updated edition, this book will assist the reader in understanding the complexities and applicabilities of today’s wide range of climate models. Topics covered include the latest techniques for modelling the coupled biosphere-ocean-atmosphere system, information on current practical aspects of climate modelling and ways to evaluate and exploit the results, discussion of Earth System Models of Intermediate Complexity (EMICs), and interactive exercises based on Energy Balance Model (EBM) and the Daisyworld model. Source codes and results from a range of model types allows readers to make their own climate simulations and to view the results of the latest high resolution models. Now in full colour throughout and with the addition of cartoons to enhance student understanding the new edition of this successful textbook enables the student to tackle the difficult subject of climate modeling.

Author : Erica E. Bickford
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Electronic
ISBN : WISC:89101429017

Get Book

Quantification of Land-atmosphere Coupling and Implications for Drought Persistence in Observations and Model Simulations of 20th Century Climate and 21st Century Climate Change by Erica E. Bickford Pdf