Intercultural Communication Globalisation And Advertising The Influence Of Culture In Global Advertising Campaigns
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Intercultural Communication, Globalisation and Advertising: The influence of culture in global advertising campaigns by Sebastian Plappert Pdf
Essay from the year 2007 in the subject Communications - Public Relations, Advertising, Marketing, Social Media, grade: Distinction, Macquarie University, course: ICOM 821 Intercultural Communication, language: English, abstract: This paper argues that advertising standardisation is only possible when cultures overlap. For this reason, the term of culture has to be captured and defined, before globalisation and its effect on advertising is considered. Then, the paper will investigate how advertising communicates across cultures and point out chances and flaws of Hall’s and especially Hofstede’s approach. By reviewing localised and standardised advertising, finally, a hybrid advertising strategy will be suggested.
Intercultural Communication and International Marketing: Corporate Advertising on the Internet by Natalia Magiati Pdf
Diploma Thesis from the year 2005 in the subject Business economics - Marketing, Corporate Communication, CRM, Market Research, Social Media, grade: 2,0, University of Heidelberg, 106 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: This research examines the relevance of intercultural communication for international marketing, focusing on corporate advertising via the Internet. The first chapter outlines the importance of cultural competence in the field of translation by analyzing the role of modern translators as language, culture and information mediators. Reference is also made to a relatively new field of translation, namely localization. Chapter 2 deals with different definitions and concepts of culture, and various approaches concerning which elements comprise it. Furthermore, it analyzes important culture-related terms also influencing intercultural communication, such as language, cultural differences, culture shock, ethnocentrism and stereotypes. The third chapter is devoted to communication, its components, forms and media. Chapter 4 illustrates the significance of intercultural communication by examining different intercultural aspects and concepts, and providing information on a definition and history of the term and on important intercultural communication theorists. Chapter 5 focuses on the phenomenon of globalization, both in cultural and economic terms. The next chapter refers to the significance of communication and culture skills for international managers and to key competences of international management that can be trained. Chapter 7 explores the broad field of marketing, emphasizing corporate identity and the elements comprising it, essential marketing strategies implemented by multinational companies and the international marketing principle “Think global, act local”, indicating how intercultural communication can determine the success of marketing activities. The last part of this chapter approaches the debate “standardization versus differentiation”. Chapter 8 is dedicated to advertising as a form of communication, common advertising strategies illustrated through concrete examples, cultural elements that advertisers should take into consideration and the two variants of international advertising campaigns: standardized versus culture-adapted advertising. The last chapter, after giving an insight into the history of the Internet and its multiple functions, explores its use as an instrument of international marketing communication and public relations, and as an advertising medium, focusing on corporate websites of multinational companies.
Global Advertising in a Cultural Context by Mirjana Milenkovic Pdf
The globalization and saturation of local markets lead to increased international activities of companies. In this context marketers are forced to advertise globally and to decide between standardization and differentiation of their advertisements, i.e. to either use one single idea all over the world or to make adaptations for local preferences. Besides knowing the pros and cons of these approaches, it is essential that advertisers are familiar with different cultures. Otherwise the advertisement runs the risk of being misunderstood or in the worst case to offend cultural fundamentals. In her book Mirjana Milenkovic examines the specifics of different national cultures and their implications for global advertising. Describing the various local restrictions and obstacles international advertisers have to deal with, the challenge of global advertising becomes clear. The perception of advertising is greatly influenced by the respective culture and its members' understanding of reality. On the basis of Hofstede's Five Dimensions, cultures and their characteristics are described. The reader learns about the behavior in different cultures and how cultural backgrounds impact buying decisions. With numerous practical illustrations Global Advertising in a Cultural Context gives an insight into the specifics of worldwide advertising and the challenge of both approaches in strategy and execution in front of the cultural background. This book gives recommendations for successful global advertising on the basis of six different advertising approaches and their suitability to overcome cultural differences.
Global Marketing and Advertising by Marieke de Mooij Pdf
Packed with cultural, company, and country examples, this book offers a mix of theory and practical applications covering globalization, global branding strategies, classification models of culture, and the consequences of culture for all aspects of marketing communications. The author helps define cross cultural segments to better target consumers across cultures and features content on how culture affects strategic issues, such as the company′s mission statement, brand positioning strategy, and marketing communications strategy. It also demonstrates the centrality of value paradoxes to cross cultural marketing communications, and uses the Hofstede model to help readers see how their understanding of cultural relationships in one country/region can be extended to other countries/regions. Updates to the new edition include: Up-to-date research on new topics, including: culture and the media, culture and the Internet, and a more profound comparison of the different cultural models. More examples from major regions and countries from around the world Broader background theory on usage differences of new digital media and extensive coverage of consumer behaviour A range of online instructor resources complement the book, including chapter-specific PowerPoint slides, downloadable advertising images from the book, chapter-specific questions and key points, and video examples of advertising from around the world.
Intercultural Communication as a Strategy of Global Marketing by Kathrin Gerbe Pdf
Essay from the year 2007 in the subject Communications - Intercultural Communication, grade: 1,0, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, course: Language and Cross-Cultural Communication, language: English, abstract: The world is growing together. In the wake of globalization many companies have expanded their markets to countries around the world. No matter if in Europe, America, Africa, Asia or Australia - everywhere we are greeted by the familiar corporate logos of global players like Coca Cola, McDonald's and Burger King. I would like to suggest that an important factor of the international success of these companies are specialised marketing concepts, which are based on the individual culture of the respective target country. Intercultural communication seems therefore an important element in marketing products worldwide. In this essay, I will have a look at a company whose name has become synonymous with globalization: McDonald's. The development of the term "McDonaldization" shows that the company's strategy of efficiency, calculability, predictability and control is effective around the globe (Ritzer in Usunier 2000; Jandt 2004).
International Marketing by Jean-Claude Usunier Pdf
This cultural approach to international marketing is aimed at students on undergraduate and postgraduate courses in business studies; MBA students studying an international marketing option; and management trainees and practising managers who wish to develop their intercultural skills. techniques in a global framework and offers guidelines for standardizing product and product policy - all within the framework of developing cultural awareness. Presented in four parts, the book discusses: the cultural dimensions of international marketing and defines the cultural variable to delineate the components of culture and to emphasize its dynamic nature; the globalization of markets and its general impact on international marketing strategies, with emphasis on issues relevant to product policies (brand names for international markets, adaption/standardization methods); marketing decisions such as pricing, distribution and communication; international marketing negotiation with discussion on the effects of bribing and business ethics in international marketing. The geographical focus of the book is Europe, but examples also relate to Japan, the US, Africa, Asia and Latin America.
How Advertising and Consumer Culture are Contributing to the Creation of a Homogeneous Global Culture by Christoph Behrends Pdf
Essay from the year 2005 in the subject Communications - Mass Media, grade: 1,7, University of Leicester (University of Leicester - Centre for Mass Communication Research), course: Advertising, Culture and Communication, 16 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Urban dwellers in the Western world have witnessed a change of their cityscapes recently. Small independent stores, restaurants and coffee bars have been replaced by stores of multinational companies, such as Tesco, McDonald's, Burgerking, Starbucks, H&M and The Gap. No matter if you are exploring the city centre of Leicester, London or Hamburg, you find more and more branches of large-scale business companies, attempting to attract consumers with their big, bright logos. The same process can be found in the media - global brands such as Hewlett-Packard and Coca Cola advertise all around the globe, or in terms of Barnet et al (1995: p. 164): "Marlboro country is everywhere". While the unification of city centres has been much-discussed, further questions need to be elaborated on: In how far are these phenomena results of globalisation? Which consequences do they have for life in Western societies? Is there a global homogenisation of culture, and if so, to what extent? Which role does advertising play in this process? These and other questions are discussed in this paper.
Global Marketing and Advertising by Marieke K. de Mooij Pdf
For additional materials, please contact the author directly: www.mariekedemooij.com Cultural diversity influences marketing and advertising at all levels: consumer behaviour, research methodology, philosophies of how advertising works, advertising strategy, concept and execution. What the field has been lacking is a knowledge base of cultural differences and similarities, that can be used for developing global strategies. This book presents such a knowledge base, a structure to understand the consequences of culture for marketing and advertising.
Global Marketing and Advertising by Marieke de Mooij Pdf
Packed with cultural, company, and country examples, this book offers a mix of theory and practical applications covering globalization, global branding strategies, classification models of culture, and the consequences of culture for all aspects of marketing communications. The author helps define cross cultural segments to better target consumers across cultures and features content on how culture affects strategic issues, such as the company′s mission statement, brand positioning strategy, and marketing communications strategy. It also demonstrates the centrality of value paradoxes to cross cultural marketing communications, and uses the Hofstede model or other cultural models to help readers see why strategies based on cultural relationships in one country cannot be extended to other countries without adjustments. Updates to the new edition include: Up-to-date research on new topics, including: culture and the media, culture and the Internet, and a more profound comparison of the different cultural models. Includes discussion of how Covid-19 has impacted globalization. More examples from major regions and countries from around the world. Broader background theory on how people use social media and extensive coverage of consumer behavior A range of online instructor resources complement the book, including downloadable advertising images from the book, chapter-specific questions and key points, and video examples of advertising from around the world.
Analysis of Cultural Differences and their Effects on Marketing Products in the United States of America and Germany: A Cultural Approach to Marketing using Edward T. Hall and Geert Hofstede by Matthias Boeing Pdf
“Companies that do not adapt to the new global realities will become victims of those that do.” In this quote Theodor Levitt, a former professor at the Harvard Business School, points out that companies all over the world need to deal with a process which has changed the way they carry on a business in many ways. The process, namely globalisation, takes advantages as well as disadvantages, not only for the business world but also for the individual. The importance to face globalisation has always been there but, it has increased with the evolving stages of globalisation. Ever since this process started, companies have tried to derive advantage from globalisation while at the same time they had to deal with the disadvantages. For marketers in particular, this process seems to offer a lot of potential for the exploration of new markets and customers. However, the questions determining the success or failure of a marketing campaign are more complex than in domestic marketing. Accordingly, the terms international and global marketing are strongly connected to globalisation, and have become a key factor for the success of companies. Corporations that want belong to these successful multi-national companies (MNC), or global players certainly have to deal with the different issues that come along with marketing products in other countries. These can have a significant impact on international operations but also on the overall performance of a company. Since a company’s approach to these issues determines the success or failure in marketing a product abroad, these situations have to be addressed at an early stage. Among others, cultural differences are one of the major obstacles that have to be considered in international marketing. Every culture has its own individual values, behaviours, ways of thinking, lifestyle and language which make it unique. Accordingly, companies have two different possibilities to deal with that process. At first, standardisation, an identical marketing plan is used across different cultures, and secondly, adaptation, appropriate adjustments are made to the special cultural environment of the target market. It is therefore important for a marketer to be aware of these differences, and to use the right tools to advertise products successfully in multiple, varied cultural environments. This study provides a comprehensive framework of cultural differences in the USA and Germany, and analyses how companies should conceive their [...]
Hofstede introduced a culture paradigm that has been widely influential in international business. However, its relevance in light of culture's increasing complexity due to globalization has been questioned. Alternative culture frameworks and perspectives are offered by leading scholars in global marketing and management.
Intercultural Marketing. The Impact of Culture on the Marketing-Mix by Olivier Samo Pdf
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2014 in the subject Business economics - Offline Marketing and Online Marketing, grade: 2.3, University of Applied Sciences Wiesbaden Rüsselsheim Geisenheim, language: English, abstract: The objective of this presented bachelor thesis is to demonstrate how culture affects international marketing activities, thus portray the marketing intercultural branch. In other words, the reader will gain an idea of the importance of culture in the strategic marketing planning. From a marketing point of view, it is recognizable that worldwide interdependence of economies has partly created homogeneity of business operations, but the world is still comprised of cultural differences and specificity and various consumer behaviors and needs. Bearing this fact in mind, enterprises integrate culture more and more into international marketing activities, especially when doing business in an environment full of cultural diversity. The question of a strategic choice is raised at this point. Active international corporations have to decide whether to standardize or to adapt to marketing-mix activities. This leads to the following questions: which factors determine businesses choice for a differentiated or a standardized strategy in marketing mix activities? To what extent can companies standardize goods and services? Is standardization relevant for all marketing mix activities and for all foreign target markets? Is it a necessary for the active international firm to adapt their activities to each national culture? How important is the impact of culture on marketing-mix? The presented paper will provide some preliminary answers to these questions with an emphasis on marketing-mix elements and will investigate whether and to what extent culture should be considered as a strategic key success factor.
Advertising and Societies by Katherine Toland Frith,Barbara Mueller Pdf
Now in its second edition, Advertising and Societies: Global Issues provides an international perspective on the practice of advertising while examining some of the ethical and social ramifications of advertising in global societies. The book illustrates how issues such as the representation of women and minorities in ads, advertising and children, and advertising in the digital era have relevance to a wider global community. This new edition has been updated to reflect the dramatic changes impacting the field of advertising that have taken place since publication of the first edition. The growing importance of emerging markets is discussed, and new photos are included. The book provides students and scholars with a comprehensive review of the literature on advertising and society and uses practical examples from international media to document how global advertising and global consumer culture operate, making it an indispensable research tool and invaluable for classroom use.
Global Advertising Practice in a Borderless World by Robert Crawford,Linda Brennan,Lukas Parker Pdf
Cultural and regional differences in creating and managing advertising require unique responses to a dynamic, rapidly globalising business environment. To be global in advertising is no longer to be homogenised or standardised, it is to be at the leading edge of social and cultural trends that are changing the world as we know it. Global Advertising Practice in a Borderless World covers a wide range of adaptive advertising practices, from major and emerging markets, in mainstream and digital advertising. It focuses on understanding how the globalisation of advertising works in practice, explored in three sections: globalising advertising in a media and communications context; advertising in a global world; and global advertising in a digital world. Covering past, present and potential futures, through an impressive ensemble of global advertising practitioners and academics, the book combines academic rigour with practical insights to provide a comprehensive analysis of the changing dynamics between advertising and globalisation. It will be of great interest to researchers, educators and advanced students in advertising, global branding, international marketing, international business media, communication and cultural studies.
Global Advertising in a Global Culture by Thomas H. P. Gould Pdf
Globalization stems from many sources, but as Thomas Gould makes clear, advertising is a primary driver of trans-global cultural change. Gould argues that advertising often carries unfiltered and unblocked cultural messages in addition to commercial speech; as such, it not only builds consumer demand to open new markets but also changes consumer expectations and values. At the same time, the evolution of increasingly targeted mobile and social marketing is transforming local and regional cultures into a new mix of global branding and individualized micro-space. Gould examines how advertising professionals negotiate these rocky and quickly-changing cultural terrains. He also explores how advertising—an increasingly global form of communication—is becoming a platform for change at the individual level, and as a direct consequence, at the social and political levels.
