Interleukin Protocols

Author : Luke A. J. O’Neill,Andrew Bowie
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 435 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2008-02-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781592591466

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Interleukin Protocols by Luke A. J. O’Neill,Andrew Bowie Pdf

Interleukins are a family of proteins that regulate the maturation, diff- entiation, or activation of cells involved in immunity and inflammation, and belong to a broader family termed cytokines. Collectively these proteins are the key orchestrators of host defense and the response to tissue injury. There are currently 23 different interleukins (numbered from IL-1 to IL-23), although the full extent of the interleukin family will only become clear upon analysis of the human genome sequence. Most important, interleukins are central to the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases that involve an immune com- nent, including such conditions as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, and asthma. Interleukins have also been imp- cated in other conditions, including cancer, migraine, myocardial infarction, and depression. In essence, when cells are activated by interleukins, a program of gene expression is initiated in the target cell that alters the cell’s phenotype, leading to enhanced immune reactivity, inflammation, and/or proliferation. Interleukins are therefore at the core of the cellular basis for many diseases. They are the subject of intense investigation by biomedical researchers and the targeting or use of interleukins in the clinic is proceeding apace. Approaches such as t- geting IL-4 in asthma or IL-1 in joint disease are being pursued, and it is likely that in the next 5–10 years a number of new therapies based on either inhib- ing or administering interleukins will be available.

Author : Marc De Ley
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2008-02-03
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781592596676

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Cytokine Protocols by Marc De Ley Pdf

A collection of biochemical, cellular, and molecular techniques for unraveling and quantifying the events occurring between the initial contact of a cytokine at the membrane receptor and the eventual activation of gene transcription. The techniques used include the generation of transfectants, the immunohistochemical detection of cytokines in tissue sections, and optimized staining for cytoplasmic detection. Highlights include RT-PCR of small amounts of mRNA, in situ hybridization, biosensor analysis, measurement of biological activities and standardization, immunohistochemical and single-cell detection, and receptor isolation, characterization, and crystallization. Enjoy a quick and smooth introduction to the key methods used in cytokine research Use readily reproducible techniques that ensure successful experimental results Employ antisense-RNA, RT-PCR of small amounts of mRNA, and in situ hybridization.

Author : Payam Behzadi
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 146 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2021-07-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781839690983

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Interleukins by Payam Behzadi Pdf

The immune system recruits a wide range of molecule groups and categories, each of which has its own function, property, and structure. Among these, interleukins play a pivotal role in supporting the immune and non-immune systems of the human body. Interleukins as effective cytokines participate in different conditions such as homeostasis, infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. This unique property of interleukins makes them invaluable biomarkers that can be used as important biosensors. This book is divided into three sections: “Interleukins’ Classification and Evolutionary Features”, “Autoimmune Diseases and Low Immune System”, and “Cancer and Injuries”. Chapters examine the role of various interleukins in conditions such as leukemia, rheumatoid arthritis, and allergic and autoimmune diseases.

Author : Andrzej Mackiewicz,A. Koj,Pravinkumar B. Sehgal
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 554 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Medical
ISBN : UVA:X002240431

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Interleukin-6-type Cytokines by Andrzej Mackiewicz,A. Koj,Pravinkumar B. Sehgal Pdf

This volume discusses the role of interleukin-6-type cytokines in haematopoietic cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation and acute phase response to inflammation. New data is presented concerning the structure and function of interleukin-6, the leukemia inhibitory factor, interleukin-11, oncostatin M and the ciliary neurotrophic factor. Also discussed is cytokine receptor function, common signal transduction mechanisms, the molecular basis of cytokine-mediated alterations in gene expression, and regulation of cell proliferation. Pre-clinical and clinical studies with these cytokines are evaluated.

Author : Robert Bomford,Brian Henderson (Professor)
Publisher : Elsevier Publishing Company
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Inflammation
ISBN : UOM:39015017741714

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Interleukin-1, Inflammation and Disease by Robert Bomford,Brian Henderson (Professor) Pdf

Interleukins research is a rapidly moving field of science that has reached a stage where a comprehensive volume is required. The history into the Interleukins dates back several decades with the pioneering work on endogenous pyrogen. This book deals with the numerous 'factors' of diverse biological activities identical to IL-1, and with the cloning of the genes for IL-1 and its receptor. Also covered is the growing evidence of the critical role played by IL-1 as an inflammatory mediator in a variety of disease states and the mounting hope that its pharmacological manipulation could bring great clinical benefits. This volume is a detailed survey of current findings and conveys the sense of excitement and promise surrounding the field of Interleukins research.

Author : Pravinkumar B. Sehgal,Gerd Grieninger,Giovanna Tosato
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 608 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Medical
ISBN : STANFORD:36105038546706

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Regulation of the Acute Phase and Immune Responses by Pravinkumar B. Sehgal,Gerd Grieninger,Giovanna Tosato Pdf

Author : Brian J. Nickoloff
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2008-02-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781592591459

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Melanoma Techniques and Protocols by Brian J. Nickoloff Pdf

This book is about melanoma—its biology, immunology, and pathology, as well as the initial use of powerful genomic tools to study its fundamental mole- lar and genetic characteristics. The study of cancer will be profoundly impacted by the Human Genome Project. I would like to discuss some of these changes. The first draft of the human genome sequence was announced in June 2000, and we have just scratched the surface of the changes it will engender in medicine. A relevant question is what are the long-term effects of the Human Genome Project for medicine? I would argue that there are three, and each of these three point toward the view that systems biology will dominate biology and medicine of the 21st century. First, the Human Genome Project introduced a new type of s- ence—discovery science. Discovery science takes a biological system (e. g. , the genome) and defines all of its elements (e. g. , the sequences of the 24 human ch- mosomes). Thus, it creates a rich infrastructure from which the classical hypo- esis-driven science can be done more effectively. The effective integration of discovery- and hypothesis-driven science is a key for systems approaches to bi- ogy and medicine. Second, the Human Genome Project has provided a “periodic table of life.

Author : Andrew P. Robinson,Martin P. Cranage,Michael J. Hudson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 411 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2008-02-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781592593996

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Vaccine Protocols by Andrew P. Robinson,Martin P. Cranage,Michael J. Hudson Pdf

Vaccine research and development is advancing at an unprecedented pace, with an increasing emphasis on rational design based upon a fundamental und- standing of the underlying molecular mechanisms. The aim of this volume is to provide a selection of contemporary protocols that will be useful to both novice and advanced practitioner alike. The variety of procedures required to design, develop, produce, and assess a vaccine is immense and covers aspects of ch- istry, biochemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, and immunology. No single volume can hope to cover these topics exclusively. Rather, here we attempt to provide a methods sourcebook focusing on hands-on practical advice. Comp- mentary and background information may be found in other volumes in the Me- ods in Molecular Medicine series. Of particular interest are volumes on Dendritic Cell Protocols, Interleukin Protocols, Vaccine Adjuvants, and DNA Vaccines. Since the publication of the first edition of Vaccine Protocols there have been major advances, particularly in the areas of bacterial genomics, antig- specific T-cell quantification, genetic manipulation of vaccine vectors, the h- nessing of natural molecules concerned with the regulation of immune responses, and the burgeoning field of DNA vaccinology. Hence, the extensive revision of this edition with new chapters on live viral vaccine vectors, atte- ated bacterial vectors, immunomodulators, MHC-peptide tetrameric complexes, and the identification of vaccine candidates by genomic analysis. Additionally, chapters from the first edition have been updated to accommodate state-of-t- art methods in vaccinology.

Author : M. Maral Mouradian
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2008-02-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781592591428

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Parkinson's Disease by M. Maral Mouradian Pdf

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder charact- ized clinically by tremor, rigidity, slow movements, and postural instability. Pathologically, dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra bear the brunt of the degeneration, though other neuronal groups can be affected as well. Although Parkinson’s disease is the only neurodegenerative disorder for which effective therapies are available, these treatment options are only symptomatic, do not influence the underlying degenerative process, and are associated with a high incidence of complications, particularly with their long-term use. The progressive nature of the disease and the limitations of its palliative therapies result in significant functional impairment. The chronic disability and the increased prevalence of the disease with the prolongation of life expectancy in developed countries make the social and economic impact of this disease quite high. For- nately, systematic basic and clinical research in this disease has yielded major new advances that render patients’ hopes for a cure considerably closer to reality. The application of molecular biologic methodologies in the study of Parkinson’s disease has begun to have a major impact only in recent years. Con- quently, the utility of these technologies is largely in the research arena, although their clinical applications are now being realized.

Author : Mark A. Findeis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 399 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2008-02-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781592591398

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Nonviral Vectors for Gene Therapy by Mark A. Findeis Pdf

The purpose of this volume of Methods in Molecular Medicine is to set forth examples of the great variety of techniques and applications that are now emerging in the field of nonviral gene therapy. The book emphasizes not only specific approaches to gene delivery but, in particular, the best current me- ods to prepare, handle, and characterize gene delivery agents. These topics are of very broad importance since gene therapy evolves from its mostly ac- emy-based experimental and clinical research to the ever increasing number of industry-driven programs directed toward commercial development. S- cessful introduction of nonviral gene therapy agents into the clinic should be expected to require rigorous manufacturing and analytical methods that readily meet the regulatory guidelines under which new drug candidates are reviewed for marketing approval. Exactly what those guidelines will prove to be c- tainly depends on the established guidelines for review of both biological and chemical therapeutics. Additionally, many new techniques are being devised and applied to gene therapy research; these techniques will be instrumental in developing and characterizing successful gene delivery agents. Nonviral Vectors for Gene Therapy: Methods and Protocols has two main sections. To start with, there is a series of chapters on specific protocols for the synthesis, characterization, and application of gene delivery agents. S- eral chapters address the topic of materials to bind with DNA to form the compact condensed phases that facilitate cellular delivery.

Author : Andrew J. Pollard,Martin C.J. Maiden
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 714 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2008-02-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781592591497

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Meningococcal Disease by Andrew J. Pollard,Martin C.J. Maiden Pdf

Meningococcal septicemia and meningitis continue to be important causes of devastating illness, death, and long-term disability in both developed and resource-poor countries of the world. Few diseases have attracted as much public attention, or are as feared by parents and family members, as well as the medical staff who have to care for affected patients. The unexpected and unp- dictable occurrence of the disease in previously healthy children and young adults, its rapid progression, and the frequent occurrence of purpura fulminans with the resulting gangrene of limbs and digits and the requirement for mutilating s- gery, have all heightened both public and medical interest in the disease. Over the past two decades there has been a rapid increase in knowledge of many aspects of meningococcal disease as a result of intensive efforts by workers in many different fields: clinicians have studied the early presenting features and acute pathophysiology of the disorder; clinical scientists have explored the immunopathological mechanisms responsible for disease and have highlighted the important roles played by the host inflammatory response and pro-inflammatory cytokines in mediating damage to blood vessels and organs; microbiologists have developed new diagnostic methods; public health phy- cians and epidemiologists have improved surveillance techniques with the help of molecular tools provided by bacterial population biologists; and basic sci- tists have used the powerful new tools in molecular and cell biology to elucidate virulence mechanisms.

Author : Barbara Driscoll
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 589 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2008-01-18
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781592593231

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Lung Cancer by Barbara Driscoll Pdf

The Methods in Molecular Medicine series is intended as a resource for both novice and experienced investigators attempting to diversify their tech- logical base in research. Lung Cancer: Volume 1: Molecular Pathology Me- ods and Reviews presents an overview of the current status of assays employed to detect and characterize the multitude of pathologies that contribute to the development of this deadly disease. As with all volumes in the Methods in Molecular Medicine series, the reader should find that each methods-based chapter provides clear instructions for the performance of various protocols, supplemented by additional technical notes that provide valuable insight. These notes are designed to enable the reader to acquire the techniques described with a proficiency not easily achieved by re- ing standard method formats. No volume can exhaustively cover every aspect of biological research and there will be gaps in this endeavor that one or another research group will id- tify. Each section herein could readily be expanded into a book in its own right. However, I have sought to include a spectrum of techniques that should allow for the acquisition of key skills in each area covered.

Author : Harry F. Baker
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2008-02-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781592591343

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Molecular Pathology of the Prions by Harry F. Baker Pdf

Internationally recognized investigators review the latest developments in, and novel approaches to, understanding the prion protein and prion diseases at the molecular level. Utilizing a variety of cutting-edge techniques, these distinguished scientists seek to define the normal function of a prion protein, to detect and measure the early immune response to prion disease, and to discover possible therapeutic targets. They also use transgenic mice and new electrophysiological investigations to elucidate the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in prion diseases. State-of-the-art and richly insightful, Molecular Pathology of the Prions captures for basic and clinical neuropathologists the latest developments and approaches to understanding the pathogenesis of prion diseases, and by analogy suggests possible research techniques for the more common proteinopthies, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

Author : Duncan F. Rogers,Louise E. Donnelly
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 436 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2008-02-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781592591510

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Human Airway Inflammation by Duncan F. Rogers,Louise E. Donnelly Pdf

Rubor (redness), tumor (swelling), calor (heat), and dolor (pain) are the classical signs of inflammation. These features are obvious in the skin, where injury or disease causes flare, wheal, and painful burning sensations. Vasodi- tation underlies the flare and heat, plasma exudation the swelling, and acti- tion of sensory nerves relays pain. In chronic conditions, skin biopsies show inflammatory cell infiltrate. Inflammation is not unique to the skin and contr- utes to disease and repair processes in other organ systems in the body. From the viewpoint of this volume, lung inflammation is now recognized as central to the pathophysiology of a number of severe respiratory conditions, the two most common being asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In asthma, and to a lesser extent COPD, there is evidence of vasodilatation, with congestion of blood vessels accompanied by reddening of the airway mucosa, and of plasma exudation, leading to swelling of the airway wall. Similarly, although less pronounced than in the skin, there is evidence of pain, for example, the - pleasant chest sensations associated with asthma attacks. Understanding the pat- genesis of airway inflammation will enable rational design of drugs to effectively treat conditions such as asthma and COPD. However, whereas immediate access to the skin facilitates investigation of disease processes, the lung, although “open to atmosphere,” is much less accessible. Consequently, the investigation of lung inflammation is usually indirect. Thus, a wide variety of research techniques are used.

Author : John Q. Wang
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 500 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2008-02-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781592593583

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Drugs of Abuse by John Q. Wang Pdf

Drugs of Abuse: Neurological Reviews and Protocols is intended to provide insightful reviews of key current topics and, particularly, state-- the-art methods for examining drug actions in their various neuroanato- cal, neurochemical, neurophysiological, neuropharmacological, and molecular perspectives. The book should prove particularly useful to n- comers (graduate students and technicians) in this field, as well as to those established scientists (neuroscientists, biochemists, and molecular biologists) intending to pursue new careers or directions in the study of drugs. The book’s protocols cover a wide variety of coherent methods for gathering inf- mation on quantitative changes in proteins and mRNAs at both tissue and cel- lar levels. Inducible gene expression in striatal neurons has been a hot topic over the last decade. Alterations in gene expression for a wide range of proteins in the striatum have been investigated in response to drug administration. Altered expression of given mRNAs and their product proteins constitutes essential molecular steps in the development of neuroplasticity related to long-term addictive properties of drugs of abuse. With the multiple labeling methods that are also described in the book, gene expression can be detected in a chemically identified cell phenotype; the expression of multiple genes of interest can be detected in a single cell simultaneously. Hundreds or thousands of gene expr- sion products can today be detected in one experimental setup using the pow- ful systematic cDNA macroarray or microarray screening technology. Moreover, protocols useful in analyzing the functional roles of genes and proteins (e. g.