Cytokine Protocols

Author : Marc De Ley
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2008-02-03
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781592596676

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Cytokine Protocols by Marc De Ley Pdf

A collection of biochemical, cellular, and molecular techniques for unraveling and quantifying the events occurring between the initial contact of a cytokine at the membrane receptor and the eventual activation of gene transcription. The techniques used include the generation of transfectants, the immunohistochemical detection of cytokines in tissue sections, and optimized staining for cytoplasmic detection. Highlights include RT-PCR of small amounts of mRNA, in situ hybridization, biosensor analysis, measurement of biological activities and standardization, immunohistochemical and single-cell detection, and receptor isolation, characterization, and crystallization. Enjoy a quick and smooth introduction to the key methods used in cytokine research Use readily reproducible techniques that ensure successful experimental results Employ antisense-RNA, RT-PCR of small amounts of mRNA, and in situ hybridization.

Author : Luke A. J. O’Neill,Andrew Bowie
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 435 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2008-02-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781592591466

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Interleukin Protocols by Luke A. J. O’Neill,Andrew Bowie Pdf

Interleukins are a family of proteins that regulate the maturation, diff- entiation, or activation of cells involved in immunity and inflammation, and belong to a broader family termed cytokines. Collectively these proteins are the key orchestrators of host defense and the response to tissue injury. There are currently 23 different interleukins (numbered from IL-1 to IL-23), although the full extent of the interleukin family will only become clear upon analysis of the human genome sequence. Most important, interleukins are central to the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases that involve an immune com- nent, including such conditions as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, and asthma. Interleukins have also been imp- cated in other conditions, including cancer, migraine, myocardial infarction, and depression. In essence, when cells are activated by interleukins, a program of gene expression is initiated in the target cell that alters the cell’s phenotype, leading to enhanced immune reactivity, inflammation, and/or proliferation. Interleukins are therefore at the core of the cellular basis for many diseases. They are the subject of intense investigation by biomedical researchers and the targeting or use of interleukins in the clinic is proceeding apace. Approaches such as t- geting IL-4 in asthma or IL-1 in joint disease are being pursued, and it is likely that in the next 5–10 years a number of new therapies based on either inhib- ing or administering interleukins will be available.

Author : Ivana Vancurova
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 367 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Biological assay
ISBN : 1493909282

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Cytokine Bioassays by Ivana Vancurova Pdf

Cytokine Bioassays: Methods and Protocols provides a comprehensive collection of classic and cutting-edge methodologies that are used to analyze and quantify cytokines and their biological activities in complex biological and clinical samples. Chapters are divided into three main categories, the first category details the immunodetection of released cytokines in tissue culture supernatants, plasma, serum, and whole blood samples by immunoassays. The second part focuses on the analysis of biologically active cytokines by bioassays using neutralizing antibodies, chemotaxis assay, cytokine-induced phagocytosis assay, proteasome activity assay, and analysis of cytokine-induced immunoglobulin class switching. Part three presents analysis of intracellular cytokines by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, and western blotting. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Cytokine Bioassays: Methods and Protocols is written by experienced, basic, and clinical researchers with hands-on knowledge of the described protocols. This book will be of interest not only to biochemists, molecular biologists and immunologists but also to physician-scientists working in the field of cytokine research.

Author : Dieter Körholz,Wieland Kiess
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 466 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2008-02-04
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781592593453

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Cytokines and Colony Stimulating Factors by Dieter Körholz,Wieland Kiess Pdf

The immune system is a complex network in which different cell types and soluble factors interact to efficiently eliminate various kinds of microorganisms as well as aberrant cell clones. The roots of immunologic investigations reach far into the past. In 430 BC, Thucydides reported that survivors of the plague did not present a second time with similar symptoms. The first report of a successful immu- therapy was made by Edward Jenner in 1798 who found a protective effect of cowpox vaccination against human pox. Since then, much knowledge has been accumulated; today, investigations of the molecular mechanisms of immune regulation are of central research interest. The novel insights into gene polymorphisms and gene regulation gathered from this work has improved our knowledge of individual immune reactions and risk factors in overcoming infections. Strategies to use the immune system for cancer treatment have been propelled by the discovery of divergent immunoregulatory cytokines and the introduction of new gene therapy strategies to modify immune responses. Recently, the discovery of various dendritic cells has focused attention on these cell types as central elements of the immune response and to the possibility of dendritic cell expansion, maturation, and consecutive stimulation with immuno- active tumor-specific peptides. Similarly, methods for ex vivo expansion of various stem cell-derived cell types have led to an improved therapeutic management of various benign and malignant diseases.

Author : Pietro Ghezzi,Anthony Cerami
Publisher : Humana Press
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2016-05-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1493962442

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Tissue-Protective Cytokines by Pietro Ghezzi,Anthony Cerami Pdf

Thorough and informative, this Methods in Molecular Biology book presents key models used to characterize the tissue-protective actions of cytokines. Offers lists of materials and reagents, step-by-step laboratory protocols, troubleshooting tips and pitfalls."

Author : Ivana Vancurova
Publisher : Humana
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2016-08-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1493948504

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Cytokine Bioassays by Ivana Vancurova Pdf

Cytokines are pleiotropic regulatory proteins involved in essentially all biological processes and associated with a wide variety of diseases, including inflammatory disorders as well as many types of cancer and leukemia. Knowledge about the quantitative and qualitative nature of cytokine production is critical in the understanding of normal and pathological processes. The cytokine detection in biological and clinical samples faces many challenges including their low abundance, the need to distinguish between active and latent cytokine forms, and the need to measure multiple cytokines in a single assay. This volume will provide a comprehensive collection of classic and cutting-edge methodologies that are currently used to analyze and quantify cytokines and their biological activities in complex biological and clinical samples. The chapters are divided into four main categories. The first group focuses on the immunodetection of released cytokines in tissue culture supernatants, plasma, serum and whole blood samples by immunoassays. These immunoassays measure the total concentrations of released cytokines regardless of their biological activity and include ELISA, flow cytometry, ELISPOT and the antibody-based proximity ligation. The second group will focus on the analysis of biologically active cytokines by bioassays using neutralizing antibodies, chemotaxis assay, cytokine-induced cell degranulation assay, cell proliferation and differentiation, cytokine-induced cytokine production and the radioreceptor cytokine assay. The third group focuses on the analysis of intracellular cytokines by flow cytometry, western blotting and fluorescence and confocal microscopy. In addition, this category includes protocols for quantitative analysis of cytokine gene expression by real time RT-PCR and analysis of the cytokine promoter occupancy by chromatin immunoprecipitation. The fourth group focuses on the recently developed multiplex arrays that can measure multiple cytokines in the same sample at the same time. This group includes quantification of multiple cytokines using cytometric bead arrays, ELISPOT assays, proteomics cytokine evaluation, multiplexed proximity ligation assays for high-throughput cytokine analysis and finally, cytokine gene expression analysis by gene arrays. The protocols will be written by experienced basic and clinical researchers with hands-on knowledge of the described protocols. By covering a broad variety of methods used in cytokine detection and analysis, this book will be of interest not only to biochemists, molecular biologists and immunologists but also to physician-scientists working in the field of cytokine research.

Author : Marc De Ley
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:748540355

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Cytokine Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology by Marc De Ley Pdf

Because cytokines regulate many different bodily functions in living organisms, mainly at the level of cell-cell communications, there is great interest in understanding their mode of action. In Cytokine Protocols, established researchers, physicians, and clinicians present their best biochemical, cellular, and molecular techniques for unraveling and quantifying the events occurring between the initial contact of a cytokine at the membrane receptor and the eventual activation of gene transcription. Described in step-by-step detail to ensure successful experimental results, these protocols cover the large-scale generation and purification of plasmid DNA, the identification of DNA-protein interactions via the gel mobility shift assay, RNA-level phenomena, and the isolation and characterization of cytokines, cytokine-related proteins, and their interactions. The techniques used include the generation of transfectants, the immunohistochemical detection of cytokines in tissue sections, and optimized staining for cytoplasmic detection. Highlights include RT-PCR of small amounts of mRNA, in situ hybridization, biosensor analysis, measurement of biological activities and standardization, immunohistochemical and single-cell detection, and receptor isolation, characterization, and crystallization. Each protocol includes a background introduction, equipment and reagent lists, tips on troubleshooting and avoiding pitfalls, and, where needed, a discussion of the interpretation of results. Comprehensive and highly practical, Cytokine Protocols offers novice researchers a concise introduction to the principles of cytokine research, and experienced investigators all the advanced techniques and time-saving tips needed to ensure productive research.

Author : Frances R. Balkwill
Publisher : IRL Press
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Cytokines
ISBN : UOM:39015034517808

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Cytokines by Frances R. Balkwill Pdf

Cytokines are important mediators of immunity, inflammation, and cell growth and are relevant to many areas of biomedical research. This book, now in its second edition, provides detailed up-to-date practical information for the study of cytokines and their receptors, including guides to many of the most useful current techniques in cell and molecular biology, immunology, and biochemistry. In all it contains 184 protocols, providing a comprehensive resource for researchers in many disciplines of biomedical research. This book will be essential for graduate students, researchers and professionals in immunology, infectious diseases, autoimmunity, oncology and biomedical research.

Author : Daniel J. J. Carr
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2008-02-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781592599394

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Interferon Methods and Protocols by Daniel J. J. Carr Pdf

A compendium of optimized methods to measure type I interferon efficacy as an antiproliferative or an antiviral agent. These cutting-edge techniques range from the simple to the highly complex and serve to illuminate the signaling cascades and the activation of enzymatic pathways prompted by interferon. The protocols follow the successful Methods in Molecular MedicineTM series format, each offering step-by-step laboratory instructions, an introduction outlining the principle behind the technique, lists of the necessary equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. State-of-the-art and highly practical, Interferon Methods and Protocols offers researchers powerful tools not only to ascertain the functions of IFN-stimulatory gene products, but also to identify additional molecular pathways that will clarify our understanding of the many biological events influenced by IFNs.

Author : Amanda E.I. Proudfoot,Timothy N.C. Wells,Christine Power
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 349 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2008-02-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781592590582

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Chemokine Protocols by Amanda E.I. Proudfoot,Timothy N.C. Wells,Christine Power Pdf

The chemokines family of small proteins are involved in numerous b- logical processes ranging from hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, and basal l- kocyte trafficking to the extravasation and tissue infiltration of leukocytes in response to inflammatory agents, tissue damage, and bacterial or viral infection. Chemokines exert their effects through a family of seven G-protein coupled transmembrane receptors. Worldwide interest in the chemokine field surged dramatically early in 1996, with the finding that certain chemokine receptors were the elusive coreceptors, required along with CD4, for HIV infection. Today, though over 40 human chemokines have been described, the n- ber of chemokine receptors lags behind—only 17 human chemokine receptors have been identified so far. What has emerged over the years is that most chemokine receptors bind several distinct ligands, and indeed the majority of chemokines are able to bind to multiple chemokine receptors, explaining to some extent the apparent disparity in the numbers of chemokines and rec- tors. Yet in spite of the apparent redundancy in chemokine/chemokine rec- tor interactions, it is clear that in vivo, spatial, temporal, and indeed cell- and tissue-specific expression of both chemokines and their receptors are imp- tant factors in determining the precise nature of cellular infiltrates in phy- ological and pathological processes.

Author : Fran Balkwill
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2000-11-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780191566103

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Cytokine Cell Biology by Fran Balkwill Pdf

Cytokine Cellular Biology focuses on cell biology techniques for studying cytokines, cytokine receptors, and cytokine driven processes. Assays for human B cell responses, leucocyte migration, haematopoietic growth factors, macrophage activation by cytokines, RIA, IRMA, and ELISA assays, and quantitative biological assays for cytokines are all covered in detail. There are also updated chapters on studying cytokine regulation of endothelial cells; the measurement of proliferative, cytostatic, and cytolytic activity of cytokines; and the development of antibodies to cytokines. In addition there is a new chapter on the use of flow ctyometry and intracellular fluorescent staining. Written by experts in the field, Cytokine Molecular Biology and Cytokine Cellular Biology form a comprehensive and essential guide to cytokine research.

Author : Brendan J. Jenkins
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 373 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2023-06-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781071633311

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Inflammation and Cancer by Brendan J. Jenkins Pdf

This second edition volume expands on the previous edition with an update on the broad spectrum of research models, techniques, and protocols used in laboratories by basic and clinical researchers. The chapters in this book are divided into two parts. Part One discusses the latest findings on the development and characterization of representative research models for chronic immune-based diseases and inflammation-associated cancers. Part Two covers biochemical, molecular, and cellular biological techniques that are commonly used to dissect the molecular mechanisms and cellular processes that drive the pathogenesis of certain disease states. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Inflammation and Cancer: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is a valuable resource for those with a diverse range of laboratory-based experience, ranging from novice undergraduate students to established basic or clinical researchers who wish to diversify their existing portfolio of practical knowledge in the field.

Author : Daniele D’Ambrosio,Francesco Sinigaglia
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2008-02-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781592594351

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Cell Migration in Inflammation and Immunity by Daniele D’Ambrosio,Francesco Sinigaglia Pdf

Chemokines and their receptors play a central role in the pathogenesis of numerous, perhaps all, acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. About 50 distinct chemokines produced by a variety cell types and tissues either c- stitutively or in response to inflammatory stimuli are involved in a plethora of biological processes. These small secreted proteins exert their exquisitely variegated functions upon binding to a family of seven-transmembrane spanning G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) composed of almost 20 distinct entities. The biological activities of chemokines range from the control of leukocyte trafficking in basal and inflammatory conditions to the regulation of hema- poiesis, angiogenesis, tissue architecture, and organogenesis. The basis for such diversified activities rests, on one hand, upon the ubiquitous nature of chemokine production and chemokine receptor expression. Virtually every cell type can produce chemokines and expresses a unique combination of chemokine receptors. On the other hand, chemokine receptors make use of a flexible and complex network of intracellular signaling machineries that can regulate a variety of cellular functions ranging from cell migration, growth, and differentiation to death. As knowledge of the size of chemokine and chemokine receptor families rapidly reaches completeness, much is still to be uncovered in terms of fu- tional architecture of the chemokine system. The disparity between the large number of chemokines and that smaller number of receptors is balanced by the promiscuity in ligand–receptor interactions, with multiple chemokines binding to the same receptor and several chemokines binding to more than one receptor.

Author : V. Barak
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2002-12-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0896038009

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Cytokine Receptor Protocols by V. Barak Pdf

Author : Institute of Medicine,Committee on Military Nutrition Research
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 722 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1999-05-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309173186

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Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field by Institute of Medicine,Committee on Military Nutrition Research Pdf

Every aspect of immune function and host defense is dependent upon a proper supply and balance of nutrients. Severe malnutrition can cause significant alteration in immune response, but even subclinical deficits may be associated with an impaired immune response, and an increased risk of infection. Infectious diseases have accounted for more off-duty days during major wars than combat wounds or nonbattle injuries. Combined stressors may reduce the normal ability of soldiers to resist pathogens, increase their susceptibility to biological warfare agents, and reduce the effectiveness of vaccines intended to protect them. There is also a concern with the inappropriate use of dietary supplements. This book, one of a series, examines the impact of various types of stressors and the role of specific dietary nutrients in maintaining immune function of military personnel in the field. It reviews the impact of compromised nutrition status on immune function; the interaction of health, exercise, and stress (both physical and psychological) in immune function; and the role of nutritional supplements and newer biotechnology methods reported to enhance immune function. The first part of the book contains the committee's workshop summary and evaluation of ongoing research by Army scientists on immune status in special forces troops, responses to the Army's questions, conclusions, and recommendations. The rest of the book contains papers contributed by workshop speakers, grouped under such broad topics as an introduction to what is known about immune function, the assessment of immune function, the effect of nutrition, and the relation between the many and varied stresses encountered by military personnel and their effect on health.