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International Reserves and Rollover Risk by Mr.Javier Bianchi,Mr.Juan Carlos Hatchondo,Mr.Leonardo Martinez Pdf
Two striking facts about international capital flows in emerging economies motivate this paper: (1) Governments hold large amounts of international reserves, for which they obtain a return lower than their borrowing cost. (2) Purchases of domestic assets by nonresidents and purchases of foreign assets by residents are both procyclical and collapse during crises. We propose a dynamic model of endogenous default that can account for these facts. The government faces a trade-off between the benefits of keeping reserves as a buffer against rollover risk and the cost of having larger gross debt positions. Long-duration bonds, the countercyclical default premium, and sudden stops are important for the quantitative success of the model.
International Reserves and Rollover Risk by Mr.Javier Bianchi,Mr.Juan Carlos Hatchondo,Mr.Leonardo Martinez Pdf
Two striking facts about international capital flows in emerging economies motivate this paper: (1) Governments hold large amounts of international reserves, for which they obtain a return lower than their borrowing cost. (2) Purchases of domestic assets by nonresidents and purchases of foreign assets by residents are both procyclical and collapse during crises. We propose a dynamic model of endogenous default that can account for these facts. The government faces a trade-off between the benefits of keeping reserves as a buffer against rollover risk and the cost of having larger gross debt positions. Long-duration bonds, the countercyclical default premium, and sudden stops are important for the quantitative success of the model.
Global Waves of Debt by M. Ayhan Kose,Peter Nagle,Franziska Ohnsorge,Naotaka Sugawara Pdf
The global economy has experienced four waves of rapid debt accumulation over the past 50 years. The first three debt waves ended with financial crises in many emerging market and developing economies. During the current wave, which started in 2010, the increase in debt in these economies has already been larger, faster, and broader-based than in the previous three waves. Current low interest rates mitigate some of the risks associated with high debt. However, emerging market and developing economies are also confronted by weak growth prospects, mounting vulnerabilities, and elevated global risks. A menu of policy options is available to reduce the likelihood that the current debt wave will end in crisis and, if crises do take place, will alleviate their impact.
Risk Management of Sovereign Assets and Liabilities by Mr.D. F. I. Folkerts-Landau,Marcel Cassard Pdf
In an environment of sizable and volatile capital flows and integrated international capital markets, large and unhedged net external sovereign liabilities expose countries to swings in international asset prices and to potential speculative currency attacks. The paper argues that an essential step in reducing emerging market vulnerability to such external shocks is to reform the institutional arrangements governing asset and liability management policies, so as to promote a transparent, publicly accountable, and professional incentive structure.
Author : International Monetary Fund Publisher : International Monetary Fund Page : 34 pages File Size : 55,8 Mb Release : 2004-08-16 Category : Business & Economics ISBN : 1589062604
Guidelines for Foreign Exchange Reserve Management by International Monetary Fund Pdf
These guidelines are intended to assist countries in strengthening their policy frameworks for reserve management so that they can become more resilient to shocks that may originate from global financial markets or within the domestic financial system. The guidelines have been developed as part of a broader IMF work program to help strengthen international financial architecture, to promote policies and practices that contribute to stability and transparency in the financial sector, and to reduce external vulnerabilities of member countries.
Managing the Sovereign-Bank Nexus by Mr.Giovanni Dell'Ariccia,Caio Ferreira,Nigel Jenkinson,Mr.Luc Laeven,Alberto Martin,Ms.Camelia Minoiu,Alex Popov Pdf
This paper reviews empirical and theoretical work on the links between banks and their governments (the bank-sovereign nexus). How significant is this nexus? What do we know about it? To what extent is it a source of concern? What is the role of policy intervention? The paper concludes with a review of recent policy proposals.
International Finance and Open-Economy Macroeconomics by Giancarlo Gandolfo Pdf
This rigorous textbook tames technicalities and makes even the most complex models accessible to students. Its unique two-tier structure makes the book attractive for undergraduates, graduates and researchers alike. In fact, the coverage is primarily directed to undergraduate students and is mainly confined to graphic analysis and to some elementary algebra. Further, each chapter has its own mathematical appendix, in which (i) the topics treated in the text are examined at a level suitable for advanced undergraduates, graduates and researchers, and (ii) generalizations and/or topics not treated in the text (including some at the cutting edge of research) are formally examined. The new edition has been thoroughly revised and updated to reflect the latest research on international finance. This book deals with the financial side of international economics and covers all aspects of international finance. There are many books and articles by exponents of alternative points of view. I know of no other book that provides the scope, balance, objectivity and rigor of this book. the late Professor Jerome L. Stein, Brown University This book is a second edition of a volume on international finance first published in 2001. Like Giancarlo’s other books in International Economics, this book is organised as a two-books-in-one by distributing the material between text and appendices. The text provides coverage suitable for an undergraduate course while the mathematical appendices provide coverage of the topics at the frontier of the discipline and suitable for advanced undergraduate or graduate students in an international finance and international macroeconomics course. This edition updates the earlier volume and covers all the classic topics as well as the more recent advances in the theory and modelling of international finance. It includes some discussion of the empirical testing of these theories and where appropriate reference to the extensive empirical literature is also provided. This book is a valuable addition to the bookshelf of any serious International Finance Scholar and provides a treasure chest of material for any quality international finance course. Professor Pasquale M Sgro, Deakin University Giancarlo Gandolfo is one of the profession's most gifted textbook authors on mathematical modeling and international economics. His revised International Finance and Open-Economy Macroeconomics is remarkable for its scope and clarity. The book covers the older and intertemporal approaches, and topics that are usually left out of graduate treatments (the chapter on balance-of-payments accounting is a gem). Gandolfo's two-tier approach of first developing topics with graphs and basic algebra and then providing rigorous mathematics for each topic makes the book ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate classes. Professor Michael D. Goldberg, University of New Hampshire
A Primer on Managing Sovereign Debt-Portfolio Risks by Thordur Jonasson,Mr.Michael G. Papaioannou Pdf
This paper provides an overview of sovereign debt portfolio risks and discusses various liability management operations (LMOs) and instruments used by public debt managers to mitigate these risks. Debt management strategies analyzed in the context of helping reach debt portfolio targets and attain desired portfolio structures. Also, the paper outlines how LMOs could be integrated into a debt management strategy and serve as policy tools to reduce potential debt portfolio vulnerabilities. Further, the paper presents operational issues faced by debt managers, including the need to develop a risk management framework, interactions of debt management with fiscal policy, monetary policy, and financial stability, as well as efficient government bond markets.
Handbook of International Economics, Sixth Edition provides a definitive reference for researchers and advanced graduate students. The book includes self-contained surveys of the current state of a branch of economics in the form of chapters prepared by leading specialists. These surveys summarize not only received results but also newer developments from journal articles and discussion papers. Chapters cover The Global Financial Cycle, Dominant Currency Paradigm: a review, Rethinking exchange rate regimes, CIP deviations, the dollar, and frictions in international capital markets, International macroeconomics with imperfect financial markets, The prudential use of capital controls and foreign currency reserves, and Financial crises: a survey. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Handbook of International Economics series Includes self-contained surveys of the current state of a branch of economics in the form of chapters prepared by leading specialists
Macro-prudential Policy in a Fisherian Model of Financial Innovation by Javier Bianchi,Ms.Emine Boz,Mr.Enrique G. Mendoza Pdf
The interaction between credit frictions, financial innovation, and a switch from optimistic to pessimistic beliefs played a central role in the 2008 financial crisis. This paper develops a quantitative general equilibrium framework in which this interaction drives the financial amplification mechanism to study the effects of macro-prudential policy. Financial innovation enhances the ability of agents to collateralize assets into debt, but the riskiness of this new regime can only be learned over time. Beliefs about transition probabilities across states with high and low ability to borrow change as agents learn from observed realizations of financial conditions. At the same time, the collateral constraint introduces a pecuniary externality, because agents fail to internalize the effect of their borrowing decisions on asset prices. Quantitative analysis shows that the effectiveness of macro-prudential policy in this environment depends on the government's information set, the tightness of credit constraints and the pace at which optimism surges in the early stages of financial innovation. The policy is least effective when the government is as uninformed as private agents, credit constraints are tight, and optimism builds quickly.
Global Imbalances, Financial Crises, and Central Bank Policies by Andreas Steiner Pdf
Global Imbalances, Financial Crises, and Central Bank Policies assesses the relationships between global imbalances, financial crises, and central bank policies, with a specific focus on their reserves. The book contains a strictly international perspective with an analysis based on empirical research that enables the reader to develop an analytical model that emphasizes interactions among individual central banks. With this innovative approach, the book develops a new method for defining an optimal demand for reserves. In addition, the book describes implications for financial reforms that might ultimately be more important than its empirical findings. Presents a systematic account of the relationship between the build-up of reserves and central bank policies Emphasizes a global view of currency reserves, which is usually ignored in analyses of their effect Includes datasets as well as all illustrations and figures in online ancillary materials
