Introduction To Semi Supervised Learning

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Introduction to Semi-Supervised Learning

Xiaojin Geffner,Andrew Bazzan
Introduction to Semi Supervised Learning Book PDF

Author : Xiaojin Geffner,Andrew Bazzan
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2022-05-31
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783031015489

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Introduction to Semi-Supervised Learning by Xiaojin Geffner,Andrew Bazzan Pdf

Semi-supervised learning is a learning paradigm concerned with the study of how computers and natural systems such as humans learn in the presence of both labeled and unlabeled data. Traditionally, learning has been studied either in the unsupervised paradigm (e.g., clustering, outlier detection) where all the data are unlabeled, or in the supervised paradigm (e.g., classification, regression) where all the data are labeled. The goal of semi-supervised learning is to understand how combining labeled and unlabeled data may change the learning behavior, and design algorithms that take advantage of such a combination. Semi-supervised learning is of great interest in machine learning and data mining because it can use readily available unlabeled data to improve supervised learning tasks when the labeled data are scarce or expensive. Semi-supervised learning also shows potential as a quantitative tool to understand human category learning, where most of the input is self-evidently unlabeled. In this introductory book, we present some popular semi-supervised learning models, including self-training, mixture models, co-training and multiview learning, graph-based methods, and semi-supervised support vector machines. For each model, we discuss its basic mathematical formulation. The success of semi-supervised learning depends critically on some underlying assumptions. We emphasize the assumptions made by each model and give counterexamples when appropriate to demonstrate the limitations of the different models. In addition, we discuss semi-supervised learning for cognitive psychology. Finally, we give a computational learning theoretic perspective on semi-supervised learning, and we conclude the book with a brief discussion of open questions in the field. Table of Contents: Introduction to Statistical Machine Learning / Overview of Semi-Supervised Learning / Mixture Models and EM / Co-Training / Graph-Based Semi-Supervised Learning / Semi-Supervised Support Vector Machines / Human Semi-Supervised Learning / Theory and Outlook

Semi-Supervised Learning

Olivier Chapelle,Bernhard Scholkopf,Alexander Zien
Semi Supervised Learning Book PDF

Author : Olivier Chapelle,Bernhard Scholkopf,Alexander Zien
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 525 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2010-01-22
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780262514125

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Semi-Supervised Learning by Olivier Chapelle,Bernhard Scholkopf,Alexander Zien Pdf

A comprehensive review of an area of machine learning that deals with the use of unlabeled data in classification problems: state-of-the-art algorithms, a taxonomy of the field, applications, benchmark experiments, and directions for future research. In the field of machine learning, semi-supervised learning (SSL) occupies the middle ground, between supervised learning (in which all training examples are labeled) and unsupervised learning (in which no label data are given). Interest in SSL has increased in recent years, particularly because of application domains in which unlabeled data are plentiful, such as images, text, and bioinformatics. This first comprehensive overview of SSL presents state-of-the-art algorithms, a taxonomy of the field, selected applications, benchmark experiments, and perspectives on ongoing and future research.Semi-Supervised Learning first presents the key assumptions and ideas underlying the field: smoothness, cluster or low-density separation, manifold structure, and transduction. The core of the book is the presentation of SSL methods, organized according to algorithmic strategies. After an examination of generative models, the book describes algorithms that implement the low-density separation assumption, graph-based methods, and algorithms that perform two-step learning. The book then discusses SSL applications and offers guidelines for SSL practitioners by analyzing the results of extensive benchmark experiments. Finally, the book looks at interesting directions for SSL research. The book closes with a discussion of the relationship between semi-supervised learning and transduction.

Introduction to Semi-supervised Learning

Xiaojin Zhu,Andrew B. Goldberg
Introduction to Semi supervised Learning Book PDF

Author : Xiaojin Zhu,Andrew B. Goldberg
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Page : 131 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781598295474

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Introduction to Semi-supervised Learning by Xiaojin Zhu,Andrew B. Goldberg Pdf

Semi-supervised learning is a learning paradigm concerned with the study of how computers and natural systems such as humans learn in the presence of both labeled and unlabeled data. Traditionally, learning has been studied either in the unsupervised paradigm (e.g., clustering, outlier detection) where all the data are unlabeled, or in the supervised paradigm (e.g., classification, regression) where all the data are labeled. The goal of semi-supervised learning is to understand how combining labeled and unlabeled data may change the learning behavior, and design algorithms that take advantage of such a combination. Semi-supervised learning is of great interest in machine learning and data mining because it can use readily available unlabeled data to improve supervised learning tasks when the labeled data are scarce or expensive. Semi-supervised learning also shows potential as a quantitative tool to understand human category learning, where most of the input is self-evidently unlabeled. In this introductory book, we present some popular semi-supervised learning models, including self-training, mixture models, co-training and multiview learning, graph-based methods, and semi-supervised support vector machines. For each model, we discuss its basic mathematical formulation. The success of semi-supervised learning depends critically on some underlying assumptions. We emphasize the assumptions made by each model and give counterexamples when appropriate to demonstrate the limitations of the different models. In addition, we discuss semi-supervised learning for cognitive psychology. Finally, we give a computational learning theoretic perspective on semi-supervised learning, and we conclude the book with a brief discussion of open questions in the field. Table of Contents: Introduction to Statistical Machine Learning / Overview of Semi-Supervised Learning / Mixture Models and EM / Co-Training / Graph-Based Semi-Supervised Learning / Semi-Supervised Support Vector Machines / Human Semi-Supervised Learning / Theory and Outlook

Machine Learning and Big Data

Uma N. Dulhare,Khaleel Ahmad,Khairol Amali Bin Ahmad
Machine Learning and Big Data Book PDF

Author : Uma N. Dulhare,Khaleel Ahmad,Khairol Amali Bin Ahmad
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 544 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2020-09-01
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781119654742

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Machine Learning and Big Data by Uma N. Dulhare,Khaleel Ahmad,Khairol Amali Bin Ahmad Pdf

This book is intended for academic and industrial developers, exploring and developing applications in the area of big data and machine learning, including those that are solving technology requirements, evaluation of methodology advances and algorithm demonstrations. The intent of this book is to provide awareness of algorithms used for machine learning and big data in the academic and professional community. The 17 chapters are divided into 5 sections: Theoretical Fundamentals; Big Data and Pattern Recognition; Machine Learning: Algorithms & Applications; Machine Learning's Next Frontier and Hands-On and Case Study. While it dwells on the foundations of machine learning and big data as a part of analytics, it also focuses on contemporary topics for research and development. In this regard, the book covers machine learning algorithms and their modern applications in developing automated systems. Subjects covered in detail include: Mathematical foundations of machine learning with various examples. An empirical study of supervised learning algorithms like Naïve Bayes, KNN and semi-supervised learning algorithms viz. S3VM, Graph-Based, Multiview. Precise study on unsupervised learning algorithms like GMM, K-mean clustering, Dritchlet process mixture model, X-means and Reinforcement learning algorithm with Q learning, R learning, TD learning, SARSA Learning, and so forth. Hands-on machine leaning open source tools viz. Apache Mahout, H2O. Case studies for readers to analyze the prescribed cases and present their solutions or interpretations with intrusion detection in MANETS using machine learning. Showcase on novel user-cases: Implications of Electronic Governance as well as Pragmatic Study of BD/ML technologies for agriculture, healthcare, social media, industry, banking, insurance and so on.

Graph-Based Semi-Supervised Learning

Amarnag Lipovetzky,Partha Pratim Magazzeni
Graph Based Semi Supervised Learning Book PDF

Author : Amarnag Lipovetzky,Partha Pratim Magazzeni
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 111 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2022-05-31
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783031015717

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Graph-Based Semi-Supervised Learning by Amarnag Lipovetzky,Partha Pratim Magazzeni Pdf

While labeled data is expensive to prepare, ever increasing amounts of unlabeled data is becoming widely available. In order to adapt to this phenomenon, several semi-supervised learning (SSL) algorithms, which learn from labeled as well as unlabeled data, have been developed. In a separate line of work, researchers have started to realize that graphs provide a natural way to represent data in a variety of domains. Graph-based SSL algorithms, which bring together these two lines of work, have been shown to outperform the state-of-the-art in many applications in speech processing, computer vision, natural language processing, and other areas of Artificial Intelligence. Recognizing this promising and emerging area of research, this synthesis lecture focuses on graph-based SSL algorithms (e.g., label propagation methods). Our hope is that after reading this book, the reader will walk away with the following: (1) an in-depth knowledge of the current state-of-the-art in graph-based SSL algorithms, and the ability to implement them; (2) the ability to decide on the suitability of graph-based SSL methods for a problem; and (3) familiarity with different applications where graph-based SSL methods have been successfully applied. Table of Contents: Introduction / Graph Construction / Learning and Inference / Scalability / Applications / Future Work / Bibliography / Authors' Biographies / Index

Semisupervised Learning for Computational Linguistics

Steven Abney
Semisupervised Learning for Computational Linguistics Book PDF

Author : Steven Abney
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2019-08-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0367388634

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Semisupervised Learning for Computational Linguistics by Steven Abney Pdf

The rapid advancement in the theoretical understanding of statistical and machine learning methods for semisupervised learning has made it difficult for nonspecialists to keep up to date in the field. Providing a broad, accessible treatment of the theory as well as linguistic applications, Semisupervised Learning for Computational Linguistics offers self-contained coverage of semisupervised methods that includes background material on supervised and unsupervised learning. The book presents a brief history of semisupervised learning and its place in the spectrum of learning methods before moving on to discuss well-known natural language processing methods, such as self-training and co-training. It then centers on machine learning techniques, including the boundary-oriented methods of perceptrons, boosting, support vector machines (SVMs), and the null-category noise model. In addition, the book covers clustering, the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, related generative methods, and agreement methods. It concludes with the graph-based method of label propagation as well as a detailed discussion of spectral methods. Taking an intuitive approach to the material, this lucid book facilitates the application of semisupervised learning methods to natural language processing and provides the framework and motivation for a more systematic study of machine learning.

An Introduction to Machine Learning

Gopinath Rebala,Ajay Ravi,Sanjay Churiwala
An Introduction to Machine Learning Book PDF

Author : Gopinath Rebala,Ajay Ravi,Sanjay Churiwala
Publisher : Springer
Page : 263 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2019-05-07
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030157296

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An Introduction to Machine Learning by Gopinath Rebala,Ajay Ravi,Sanjay Churiwala Pdf

Just like electricity, Machine Learning will revolutionize our life in many ways – some of which are not even conceivable today. This book provides a thorough conceptual understanding of Machine Learning techniques and algorithms. Many of the mathematical concepts are explained in an intuitive manner. The book starts with an overview of machine learning and the underlying Mathematical and Statistical concepts before moving onto machine learning topics. It gradually builds up the depth, covering many of the present day machine learning algorithms, ending in Deep Learning and Reinforcement Learning algorithms. The book also covers some of the popular Machine Learning applications. The material in this book is agnostic to any specific programming language or hardware so that readers can try these concepts on whichever platforms they are already familiar with. Offers a comprehensive introduction to Machine Learning, while not assuming any prior knowledge of the topic; Provides a complete overview of available techniques and algorithms in conceptual terms, covering various application domains of machine learning; Not tied to any specific software language or hardware implementation.

Machine Learning Foundations

Taeho Jo
Machine Learning Foundations Book PDF

Author : Taeho Jo
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 391 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2021-02-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030659004

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Machine Learning Foundations by Taeho Jo Pdf

This book provides conceptual understanding of machine learning algorithms though supervised, unsupervised, and advanced learning techniques. The book consists of four parts: foundation, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and advanced learning. The first part provides the fundamental materials, background, and simple machine learning algorithms, as the preparation for studying machine learning algorithms. The second and the third parts provide understanding of the supervised learning algorithms and the unsupervised learning algorithms as the core parts. The last part provides advanced machine learning algorithms: ensemble learning, semi-supervised learning, temporal learning, and reinforced learning. Provides comprehensive coverage of both learning algorithms: supervised and unsupervised learning; Outlines the computation paradigm for solving classification, regression, and clustering; Features essential techniques for building the a new generation of machine learning.

Introduction to Semi-Supervised Learning

Zenglin Xu,Irwin King
Introduction to Semi Supervised Learning Book PDF

Author : Zenglin Xu,Irwin King
Publisher : CRC PressI Llc
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2015-05-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1439826099

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Introduction to Semi-Supervised Learning by Zenglin Xu,Irwin King Pdf

Including the historical background and recent advances in the field as well as theoretical perspectives and real-world applications, this book outlines a systematic framework for implementing semi-supervised learning methods. It provides a toolbox on semi-supervised learning algorithms, presenting illustrations and examples of each algorithm. The book defines and distinguishes supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, and other relevant learning tasks. It discusses important semi-supervised learning models, including generative models for semi-supervised learning, semi-supervised support vector machines, and graph-based semi-supervised learning methods.

Dataset Shift in Machine Learning

Joaquin Quinonero-Candela,Masashi Sugiyama,Anton Schwaighofer,Neil D. Lawrence
Dataset Shift in Machine Learning Book PDF

Author : Joaquin Quinonero-Candela,Masashi Sugiyama,Anton Schwaighofer,Neil D. Lawrence
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2022-06-07
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780262545877

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Dataset Shift in Machine Learning by Joaquin Quinonero-Candela,Masashi Sugiyama,Anton Schwaighofer,Neil D. Lawrence Pdf

An overview of recent efforts in the machine learning community to deal with dataset and covariate shift, which occurs when test and training inputs and outputs have different distributions. Dataset shift is a common problem in predictive modeling that occurs when the joint distribution of inputs and outputs differs between training and test stages. Covariate shift, a particular case of dataset shift, occurs when only the input distribution changes. Dataset shift is present in most practical applications, for reasons ranging from the bias introduced by experimental design to the irreproducibility of the testing conditions at training time. (An example is -email spam filtering, which may fail to recognize spam that differs in form from the spam the automatic filter has been built on.) Despite this, and despite the attention given to the apparently similar problems of semi-supervised learning and active learning, dataset shift has received relatively little attention in the machine learning community until recently. This volume offers an overview of current efforts to deal with dataset and covariate shift. The chapters offer a mathematical and philosophical introduction to the problem, place dataset shift in relationship to transfer learning, transduction, local learning, active learning, and semi-supervised learning, provide theoretical views of dataset and covariate shift (including decision theoretic and Bayesian perspectives), and present algorithms for covariate shift. Contributors: Shai Ben-David, Steffen Bickel, Karsten Borgwardt, Michael Brückner, David Corfield, Amir Globerson, Arthur Gretton, Lars Kai Hansen, Matthias Hein, Jiayuan Huang, Choon Hui Teo, Takafumi Kanamori, Klaus-Robert Müller, Sam Roweis, Neil Rubens, Tobias Scheffer, Marcel Schmittfull, Bernhard Schölkopf Hidetoshi Shimodaira, Alex Smola, Amos Storkey, Masashi Sugiyama

Kernel Based Algorithms for Mining Huge Data Sets

Te-Ming Huang,Vojislav Kecman,Ivica Kopriva
Kernel Based Algorithms for Mining Huge Data Sets Book PDF

Author : Te-Ming Huang,Vojislav Kecman,Ivica Kopriva
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2006-03-02
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540316817

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Kernel Based Algorithms for Mining Huge Data Sets by Te-Ming Huang,Vojislav Kecman,Ivica Kopriva Pdf

This is the first book treating the fields of supervised, semi-supervised and unsupervised machine learning collectively. The book presents both the theory and the algorithms for mining huge data sets using support vector machines (SVMs) in an iterative way. It demonstrates how kernel based SVMs can be used for dimensionality reduction and shows the similarities and differences between the two most popular unsupervised techniques.

Introduction to Machine Learning

Ethem Alpaydin
Introduction to Machine Learning Book PDF

Author : Ethem Alpaydin
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 639 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2014-08-22
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780262028189

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Introduction to Machine Learning by Ethem Alpaydin Pdf

Introduction -- Supervised learning -- Bayesian decision theory -- Parametric methods -- Multivariate methods -- Dimensionality reduction -- Clustering -- Nonparametric methods -- Decision trees -- Linear discrimination -- Multilayer perceptrons -- Local models -- Kernel machines -- Graphical models -- Brief contents -- Hidden markov models -- Bayesian estimation -- Combining multiple learners -- Reinforcement learning -- Design and analysis of machine learning experiments.

Machine Learning

Zhi-Hua Zhou
Machine Learning Book PDF

Author : Zhi-Hua Zhou
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 460 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2021-08-20
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9789811519673

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Machine Learning by Zhi-Hua Zhou Pdf

Machine Learning, a vital and core area of artificial intelligence (AI), is propelling the AI field ever further and making it one of the most compelling areas of computer science research. This textbook offers a comprehensive and unbiased introduction to almost all aspects of machine learning, from the fundamentals to advanced topics. It consists of 16 chapters divided into three parts: Part 1 (Chapters 1-3) introduces the fundamentals of machine learning, including terminology, basic principles, evaluation, and linear models; Part 2 (Chapters 4-10) presents classic and commonly used machine learning methods, such as decision trees, neural networks, support vector machines, Bayesian classifiers, ensemble methods, clustering, dimension reduction and metric learning; Part 3 (Chapters 11-16) introduces some advanced topics, covering feature selection and sparse learning, computational learning theory, semi-supervised learning, probabilistic graphical models, rule learning, and reinforcement learning. Each chapter includes exercises and further reading, so that readers can explore areas of interest. The book can be used as an undergraduate or postgraduate textbook for computer science, computer engineering, electrical engineering, data science, and related majors. It is also a useful reference resource for researchers and practitioners of machine learning.

Machine Learning Algorithms

Giuseppe Bonaccorso
Machine Learning Algorithms Book PDF

Author : Giuseppe Bonaccorso
Publisher : Packt Publishing Ltd
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2017-07-24
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781785884511

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Machine Learning Algorithms by Giuseppe Bonaccorso Pdf

Build strong foundation for entering the world of Machine Learning and data science with the help of this comprehensive guide About This Book Get started in the field of Machine Learning with the help of this solid, concept-rich, yet highly practical guide. Your one-stop solution for everything that matters in mastering the whats and whys of Machine Learning algorithms and their implementation. Get a solid foundation for your entry into Machine Learning by strengthening your roots (algorithms) with this comprehensive guide. Who This Book Is For This book is for IT professionals who want to enter the field of data science and are very new to Machine Learning. Familiarity with languages such as R and Python will be invaluable here. What You Will Learn Acquaint yourself with important elements of Machine Learning Understand the feature selection and feature engineering process Assess performance and error trade-offs for Linear Regression Build a data model and understand how it works by using different types of algorithm Learn to tune the parameters of Support Vector machines Implement clusters to a dataset Explore the concept of Natural Processing Language and Recommendation Systems Create a ML architecture from scratch. In Detail As the amount of data continues to grow at an almost incomprehensible rate, being able to understand and process data is becoming a key differentiator for competitive organizations. Machine learning applications are everywhere, from self-driving cars, spam detection, document search, and trading strategies, to speech recognition. This makes machine learning well-suited to the present-day era of Big Data and Data Science. The main challenge is how to transform data into actionable knowledge. In this book you will learn all the important Machine Learning algorithms that are commonly used in the field of data science. These algorithms can be used for supervised as well as unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, and semi-supervised learning. A few famous algorithms that are covered in this book are Linear regression, Logistic Regression, SVM, Naive Bayes, K-Means, Random Forest, TensorFlow, and Feature engineering. In this book you will also learn how these algorithms work and their practical implementation to resolve your problems. This book will also introduce you to the Natural Processing Language and Recommendation systems, which help you run multiple algorithms simultaneously. On completion of the book you will have mastered selecting Machine Learning algorithms for clustering, classification, or regression based on for your problem. Style and approach An easy-to-follow, step-by-step guide that will help you get to grips with real -world applications of Algorithms for Machine Learning.

Reinforcement Learning, second edition

Richard S. Sutton,Andrew G. Barto
Reinforcement Learning second edition Book PDF

Author : Richard S. Sutton,Andrew G. Barto
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 549 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2018-11-13
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780262352703

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Reinforcement Learning, second edition by Richard S. Sutton,Andrew G. Barto Pdf

The significantly expanded and updated new edition of a widely used text on reinforcement learning, one of the most active research areas in artificial intelligence. Reinforcement learning, one of the most active research areas in artificial intelligence, is a computational approach to learning whereby an agent tries to maximize the total amount of reward it receives while interacting with a complex, uncertain environment. In Reinforcement Learning, Richard Sutton and Andrew Barto provide a clear and simple account of the field's key ideas and algorithms. This second edition has been significantly expanded and updated, presenting new topics and updating coverage of other topics. Like the first edition, this second edition focuses on core online learning algorithms, with the more mathematical material set off in shaded boxes. Part I covers as much of reinforcement learning as possible without going beyond the tabular case for which exact solutions can be found. Many algorithms presented in this part are new to the second edition, including UCB, Expected Sarsa, and Double Learning. Part II extends these ideas to function approximation, with new sections on such topics as artificial neural networks and the Fourier basis, and offers expanded treatment of off-policy learning and policy-gradient methods. Part III has new chapters on reinforcement learning's relationships to psychology and neuroscience, as well as an updated case-studies chapter including AlphaGo and AlphaGo Zero, Atari game playing, and IBM Watson's wagering strategy. The final chapter discusses the future societal impacts of reinforcement learning.