Introspection And Consciousness

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Introspection and Consciousness

Declan Smithies,Daniel Stoljar
Introspection and Consciousness Book PDF

Author : Declan Smithies,Daniel Stoljar
Publisher : OUP USA
Page : 436 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2012-07-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199744794

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Introspection and Consciousness by Declan Smithies,Daniel Stoljar Pdf

The topic of introspection stands at the interface between questions in epistemology about the nature of self-knowledge and questions in the philosophy of mind about the nature of consciousness. What is the nature of introspection such that it provides us with a distinctive way of knowing about our own conscious mental states? And what is the nature of consciousness such that we can know about our own conscious mental states by introspection? How should we understand the relationship between consciousness and introspective self-knowledge? Should we explain consciousness in terms of introspective self-knowledge or vice versa? Until recently, questions in epistemology and the philosophy of mind were pursued largely in isolation from one another. This volume aims to integrate these two lines of research by bringing together fourteen new essays and one reprinted essay on the relationship between introspection, self-knowledge, and consciousness.

Perplexities of Consciousness

Eric Schwitzgebel
Perplexities of Consciousness Book PDF

Author : Eric Schwitzgebel
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2011-01-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262295086

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Perplexities of Consciousness by Eric Schwitzgebel Pdf

A philosopher argues that we know little about our own inner lives. Do you dream in color? If you answer Yes, how can you be sure? Before you recount your vivid memory of a dream featuring all the colors of the rainbow, consider that in the 1950s researchers found that most people reported dreaming in black and white. In the 1960s, when most movies were in color and more people had color television sets, the vast majority of reported dreams contained color. The most likely explanation for this, according to the philosopher Eric Schwitzgebel, is not that exposure to black-and-white media made people misremember their dreams. It is that we simply don't know whether or not we dream in color. In Perplexities of Consciousness, Schwitzgebel examines various aspects of inner life (dreams, mental imagery, emotions, and other subjective phenomena) and argues that we know very little about our stream of conscious experience. Drawing broadly from historical and recent philosophy and psychology to examine such topics as visual perspective, and the unreliability of introspection, Schwitzgebel finds us singularly inept in our judgments about conscious experience.

Trusting the Subject?

Anthony Jack,Andreas Roepstorff
Trusting the Subject Book PDF

Author : Anthony Jack,Andreas Roepstorff
Publisher : Imprint Academic
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0907845568

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Trusting the Subject? by Anthony Jack,Andreas Roepstorff Pdf

Introspective evidence is still treated with great suspicion in cognitive science. This work is designed to encourage cognitive scientists to take more account of the subject's unique perspective.

Looking In and Speaking Out

Robin Wooffitt,Nicola Holt
Looking In and Speaking Out Book PDF

Author : Robin Wooffitt,Nicola Holt
Publisher : Andrews UK Limited
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2011-11-23
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781845403348

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Looking In and Speaking Out by Robin Wooffitt,Nicola Holt Pdf

This book argues that it is essential to examine the linguistic and communicative practices that are used in the production of introspective data, thereby making an important contribution to debates about how we may study experience that are relevant to a wide range of disciplines. There are three objectives. The text offers an account of the way in which contemporary researchers are employing introspection methodologies; it argues for the importance of viewing introspective data as discourse, and illustrates this via discussion of research findings in four substantive chapters; and it outlines new directions for research and theorising on introspection and consciousness which will have implications for a range of psychological and social science disciplines.

The Epistemic Role of Consciousness

Declan Smithies
The Epistemic Role of Consciousness Book PDF

Author : Declan Smithies
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2019-08-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199917679

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The Epistemic Role of Consciousness by Declan Smithies Pdf

What is the role of consciousness in our mental lives? Declan Smithies argues here that consciousness is essential to explaining how we can acquire knowledge and justified belief about ourselves and the world around us. On this view, unconscious beings cannot form justified beliefs and so they cannot know anything at all. Consciousness is the ultimate basis of all knowledge and epistemic justification. Smithies builds a sustained argument for the epistemic role of phenomenal consciousness which draws on a range of considerations in epistemology and the philosophy of mind. His position combines two key claims. The first is phenomenal mentalism, which says that epistemic justification is determined by the phenomenally individuated facts about your mental states. The second is accessibilism, which says that epistemic justification is luminously accessible in the sense that you're always in a position to know which beliefs you have epistemic justification to hold. Smithies integrates these two claims into a unified theory of epistemic justification, which he calls phenomenal accessibilism. The book is divided into two parts, which converge on this theory of epistemic justification from opposite directions. Part 1 argues from the bottom up by drawing on considerations in the philosophy of mind about the role of consciousness in mental representation, perception, cognition, and introspection. Part 2 argues from the top down by arguing from general principles in epistemology about the nature of epistemic justification. These mutually reinforcing arguments form the basis for a unified theory of the epistemic role of phenomenal consciousness, one that bridges the gap between epistemology and philosophy of mind.

The Oxford Handbook of the Philosophy of Consciousness

Uriah Kriegel
The Oxford Handbook of the Philosophy of Consciousness Book PDF

Author : Uriah Kriegel
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 711 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2020-06-10
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198749677

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The Oxford Handbook of the Philosophy of Consciousness by Uriah Kriegel Pdf

The Oxford Handbook of the Philosophy of Consciousness provides the most comprehensive overview of current philosophical research on consciousness. Featuring contributions from some of the most prominent experts in the field, it explores the wide range of types of consciousness there may be, the many psychological phenomena with which consciousness interacts, and the various views concerning the ultimate relationship between consciousness and physical reality. It is an essential and authoritative resource for anyone working in philosophy of mind or interested in states of consciousness.

Rethinking Introspection

J. Butler
Rethinking Introspection Book PDF

Author : J. Butler
Publisher : Springer
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2013-05-20
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781137280381

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Rethinking Introspection by J. Butler Pdf

Offering a pluralist framework for understanding the nature, scope, and limits of self-knowledge from the first-person perspective, Rethinking Introspection argues that, contrary to common misconceptions, introspection does not operate through inner perception but rather develops out of a diverse array of mental states and cognitive processes.

The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind

Julian Jaynes
The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind Book PDF

Author : Julian Jaynes
Publisher : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Page : 580 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2000-08-15
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780547527543

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The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind by Julian Jaynes Pdf

National Book Award Finalist: “This man’s ideas may be the most influential, not to say controversial, of the second half of the twentieth century.”—Columbus Dispatch At the heart of this classic, seminal book is Julian Jaynes's still-controversial thesis that human consciousness did not begin far back in animal evolution but instead is a learned process that came about only three thousand years ago and is still developing. The implications of this revolutionary scientific paradigm extend into virtually every aspect of our psychology, our history and culture, our religion—and indeed our future. “Don’t be put off by the academic title of Julian Jaynes’s The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. Its prose is always lucid and often lyrical…he unfolds his case with the utmost intellectual rigor.”—The New York Times “When Julian Jaynes . . . speculates that until late in the twentieth millennium BC men had no consciousness but were automatically obeying the voices of the gods, we are astounded but compelled to follow this remarkable thesis.”—John Updike, The New Yorker “He is as startling as Freud was in The Interpretation of Dreams, and Jaynes is equally as adept at forcing a new view of known human behavior.”—American Journal of Psychiatry

How and why Thoughts Change

Ian M. Evans
How and why Thoughts Change Book PDF

Author : Ian M. Evans
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780199380848

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How and why Thoughts Change by Ian M. Evans Pdf

Cognitive therapy, a core approach within a collection of psychotherapeutic techniques known as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), is fundamentally about changing peoples' thoughts-helping them overcome difficulties by recognizing and changing dysfunctional thinking styles. Among other strategies, it requires encouraging the development of skills for rehearsing new habits of thought, modifying biases in judging and interpreting social and emotional information, and for testing assumptions underlying dysfunctional and negative, distorted thinking. In How and Why Thoughts Change, Dr. Ian Evans.520 In the 21st century, the concept of ethics may seem outdated or obsolete. But in reality, ethics is the omnipresent, ongoing discussion going on in our global communities today. Systematically, people condemn, sanction, demonize, and freely judge one another. As a result, by addressing the simplest of questions ("), laws are legislated and the moral code is created. But what is morality, exactly? And how does the moral code shape the story of our lives? Written from the perspective of a social psychologist, The Psychology of Good and Evil explores the answers to these big questions in fascinating detail, all while illuminating the inner workings of the human mind, human nature, and the foundations of our beliefs. -- Provided by publisher.

The Disappearance of Introspection

William E. Lyons
The Disappearance of Introspection Book PDF

Author : William E. Lyons
Publisher : Mit Press
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1986-01-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0262121158

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The Disappearance of Introspection by William E. Lyons Pdf

William Lyons presents an original thesis on introspection as self-interpretation in terms of a culturally influenced model.

The Significance of Consciousness

Charles Siewert
The Significance of Consciousness Book PDF

Author : Charles Siewert
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 1998-07-27
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781400822720

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The Significance of Consciousness by Charles Siewert Pdf

Charles Siewert presents a distinctive approach to consciousness that emphasizes our first-person knowledge of experience and argues that we should grant consciousness, understood in this way, a central place in our conception of mind and intentionality. Written in an engaging manner that makes its recently controversial topic accessible to the thoughtful general reader, this book challenges theories that equate consciousness with a functional role or with the mere availability of sensory information to cognitive capacities. Siewert argues that the notion of phenomenal consciousness, slighted in some recent theories, can be made evident by noting our reliance on first-person knowledge and by considering, from the subject's point of view, the difference between having and lacking certain kinds of experience. This contrast is clarified by careful attention to cases, both actual and hypothetical, indicated by research on brain-damaged patients' ability to discriminate visually without conscious visual experience--what has become known as "blindsight." In addition, Siewert convincingly defends such approaches against objections that they make an illegitimate appeal to "introspection." Experiences that are conscious in Siewert's sense differ from each other in ways that only what is conscious can--in phenomenal character--and having this character gives them intentionality. In Siewert's view, consciousness is involved not only in the intentionality of sense experience and imagery, but in that of nonimagistic ways of thinking as well. Consciousness is pervasively bound up with intelligent perception and conceptual thought: it is not mere sensation or "raw feel." Having thus understood consciousness, we can better recognize how, for many of us, it possesses such deep intrinsic value that life without it would be little or no better than death.

Describing Inner Experience?

Russell Hurlburt,Eric Schwitzgebel
Describing Inner Experience Book PDF

Author : Russell Hurlburt,Eric Schwitzgebel
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 333 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2011-08-19
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780262516495

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Describing Inner Experience? by Russell Hurlburt,Eric Schwitzgebel Pdf

A psychologist and a philosopher with opposing viewpoints discuss the extent to which it is possible to report accurately on our own conscious experience, considering both the reliability of introspection in general and the particular self-reported inner experiences of "Melanie," a subject interviewed using the Descriptive Experience Sampling method. Can conscious experience be described accurately? Can we give reliable accounts of our sensory experiences and pains, our inner speech and imagery, our felt emotions? The question is central not only to our humanistic understanding of who we are but also to the burgeoning scientific field of consciousness studies. The two authors of Describing Inner Experience disagree on the answer: Russell Hurlburt, a psychologist, argues that improved methods of introspective reporting make accurate accounts of inner experience possible; Eric Schwitzgebel, a philosopher, believes that any introspective reporting is inevitably prone to error. In this book the two discuss to what extent it is possible to describe our inner experience accurately. Hurlburt and Schwitzgebel recruited a subject, "Melanie," to report on her conscious experience using Hurlburt's Descriptive Experience Sampling method (in which the subject is cued by random beeps to describe her conscious experience). The heart of the book is Melanie's accounts, Hurlburt and Schwitzgebel's interviews with her, and their subsequent discussions while studying the transcripts of the interviews. In this way the authors' dispute about the general reliability of introspective reporting is steadily tempered by specific debates about the extent to which Melanie's particular reports are believable. Transcripts and audio files of the interviews will be available on the MIT Press website. Describing Inner Experience? is not so much a debate as it is a collaboration, with each author seeking to refine his position and to replace partisanship with balanced critical judgment. The result is an illumination of major issues in the study of consciousness—from two sides at once.

Strangers to Ourselves

Timothy D. Wilson
Strangers to Ourselves Book PDF

Author : Timothy D. Wilson
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2004-05-15
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780674045217

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Strangers to Ourselves by Timothy D. Wilson Pdf

"Know thyself," a precept as old as Socrates, is still good advice. But is introspection the best path to self-knowledge? Wilson makes the case for better ways of discovering our unconscious selves. If you want to know who you are or what you feel or what you're like, Wilson advises, pay attention to what you actually do and what other people think about you. Showing us an unconscious more powerful than Freud's, and even more pervasive in our daily life, Strangers to Ourselves marks a revolution in how we know ourselves.

Consciousness Explained

Daniel C. Dennett
Consciousness Explained Book PDF

Author : Daniel C. Dennett
Publisher : Little, Brown
Page : 528 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2017-02-07
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780316439480

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Consciousness Explained by Daniel C. Dennett Pdf

"Brilliant...as audacious as its title....Mr. Dennett's exposition is nothing short of brilliant." --George Johnson, New York Times Book Review Consciousness Explained is a a full-scale exploration of human consciousness. In this landmark book, Daniel Dennett refutes the traditional, commonsense theory of consciousness and presents a new model, based on a wealth of information from the fields of neuroscience, psychology, and artificial intelligence. Our current theories about conscious life-of people, animal, even robots--are transformed by the new perspectives found in this book.

Rethinking Introspection

J. Butler
Rethinking Introspection Book PDF

Author : J. Butler
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2013-01-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 1349447676

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Rethinking Introspection by J. Butler Pdf

Offering a pluralist framework for understanding the nature, scope, and limits of self-knowledge from the first-person perspective, Rethinking Introspection argues that, contrary to common misconceptions, introspection does not operate through inner perception but rather develops out of a diverse array of mental states and cognitive processes.