Ipos In Germany Ipo Procedures

Author : Andreas Schmidt
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2018-08-17
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3668779228

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IPOs in Germany. IPO Procedures by Andreas Schmidt Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 2,0, University of applied sciences, Munich, language: English, abstract: It was the 25th of April in 2013 when the newspapers headlined the successful initial public offering (IPO) of Evonik, the German chemistry company. "Evonik finally finds the right chemistry" reported the Financial Times whilst Reuters wrote "Evonik celebrates stock market premiere." Prior to the successful listing in 2013, Evonik had postponed such transaction three times already, citing adverse market conditions as the reason. Adverse market conditions are widely used as the most common reason for withdrawing or postponing an IPO, with insufficient investor demand also being given as an explanation to not proceed with the transaction, as evidence by German real estate company Deutsche Annington. Listing a company on a public stock market is not an easy task, but rather a very time consuming and expensive process. The most crucial part of the entire transaction is finding the right offer price at which company is offering its shares to investors. The aim of this paper is to explain and describe the IPO process in general, with a special focus of the techniques on how the issue price will be derived. The thesis begins with a theoretical section describing and explaining the basic process of an IPO as well as clarifying basic definitions. Subsequently, the main techniques how the issue price is set will be explained and analyzed. The theoretical part is followed by a practical section, using the example of Evonik to analyze how its issue price was determined. The last chapter contains a final conclusion summarizing the findings of the paper.

Author : Justyna Dietrich
Publisher : diplom.de
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2011-10-27
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783842821729

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IPO Underpricing in Germany - Empirical Analysis of Influencing Variables by Justyna Dietrich Pdf

Inhaltsangabe:Introduction: Detected on the US market centuries ago, underpricing is the phenomenon of abnormal first-day returns from initial public offerings (IPOs). Without doubt, any US investor would agree, that one day-returns of 11.4% on average are exceptional and a worthwhile investment. Since then many studies have proven that it is a persistent phenomenon and also occurs on markets all over the world. The most puzzling question for scientists is why companies are leaving this money on the table and don t set an offering price that reflects the market demand at the offering date. Within that, researchers have also been trying to determine the factors that influence the severity of underpricing. Many different explanations with regard to the existence of underpricing have been derived thus far, with all claiming to be valid even if not exclusively. But despite this effort, research so far has not been able to create common sense. Some even argue that underpricing may not exist at all since most IPOs underperform severely in the long-run which leads some people to the conclusion that IPOs are in fact overpriced. The main focus of this paper is whether and how the findings of past research, primarily conducted for the US market, apply to the German IPO market. As a result, both investors and issuers shall receive practical implications for their decision-making within the IPO process. So far, profound underpricing research for the German market has been rather scarce. Most of the available literature concentrates either on dates before 1997 when most offering prices have been determined by using the fixed price mechanism whereas the most recent studies focus on the German stock exchange segment Neuer Markt exclusively. In contrast, this paper aims to give a more recent analysis of underpricing on the German market without distinguishing between different market segments. Additionally, a broad over-view and understanding of IPO underpricing, taking the long-run performance of IPOs into account, will be included. As a result, this paper is structured as follows: The second section consists of a description of some of the important theoretical aspects that have influence on the price setting of an IPO. It will concentrate on business valuation as it is the basis for setting the price of an IPO. Furthermore, the most common price setting mechanisms shall be explained. Additionally, the special role of the lead underwriter in the IPO [...]

Author : Andreas Schmidt
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 23 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2018-08-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783668779211

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IPOs in Germany. IPO procedures by Andreas Schmidt Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 2,0, University of applied sciences, Munich, language: English, abstract: It was the 25th of April in 2013 when the newspapers headlined the successful initial public offering (IPO) of Evonik, the German chemistry company. “Evonik finally finds the right chemistry” reported the Financial Times whilst Reuters wrote “Evonik celebrates stock market premiere”. Prior to the successful listing in 2013, Evonik had postponed such transaction three times already, citing adverse market conditions as the reason. Adverse market conditions are widely used as the most common reason for withdrawing or postponing an IPO, with insufficient investor demand also being given as an explanation to not proceed with the transaction, as evidence by German real estate company Deutsche Annington. Listing a company on a public stock market is not an easy task, but rather a very time consuming and expensive process. The most crucial part of the entire transaction is finding the right offer price at which company is offering its shares to investors. The aim of this paper is to explain and describe the IPO process in general, with a special focus of the techniques on how the issue price will be derived. The thesis begins with a theoretical section describing and explaining the basic process of an IPO as well as clarifying basic definitions. Subsequently, the main techniques how the issue price is set will be explained and analyzed. The theoretical part is followed by a practical section, using the example of Evonik to analyze how its issue price was determined. The last chapter contains a final conclusion summarizing the findings of the paper.

Author : Samuel Kemper
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 59 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2020-12-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783346319128

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Grow or Go? The Expiration of IPO Lockups in Germany by Samuel Kemper Pdf

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Economics - Finance, grade: 1.0, University of Frankfurt (Main) (Finance), language: English, abstract: In this study I examine the case of lockup period expirations for 142 IPOs in Germany between 2000 and 2019. I find significant abnormal returns around the expiration date of lockup periods during which existing shareholders are prevented from selling their shares. Both, abnormal returns and abnormal trading volumes around the unlock day are much larger for firms financed by venture capital or private equity. These findings are robust to different market models and are not due to market microstructure effects. When examining the cause for the observed abnormal returns abnormal trading volume and company size become prominent.

Author : Marius Hamer
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2007-06-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783638733434

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Empirical Evidence on IPO-Underpricing by Marius Hamer Pdf

Diploma Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,3, European Business School - International University Schloß Reichartshausen Oestrich-Winkel, 80 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: This paper aims at establishing a link between the average level of initial return of IPO shares, existing underpricing explanations and the dot-com bubble. In years prior to the boom of the new economy, underpricing was explained by various theories, which have extensively been developed since decades. However, in the years 1998 to 2001 IPOs were overly underpriced, leading to assumptions about behavioural aspects and investor irrationality. Analysing a comprehensive dataset of 371 IPOs on the Frankfurter Börse between 1997 and 2007, this paper aims at providing evidence that the observed lower levels of initial returns in recent years can indeed be aligned with existing theories on the basis of rational behaviour of market participants. Firstly, the IPO process and its major participants will be presented followed by a review of relevant studies on the IPO phenomenon. In the next step, established underpricing theories are recapitulated. A descriptive analysis of the data sample points out the particularities concerning the company and transaction characteristics of the sample firms. In a last step, a regression analysis relates various proxies for information asymmetry to established underpricing theories. It gives reason to believe that the irrationality at the turn of the century has vanished and that underpricing can again be explained by established theories.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : CEPS
Page : 94 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789290796589

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A Survey of the European IPO Market by Anonim Pdf

Author : Sido Schrom
Publisher : diplom.de
Page : 106 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2001-07-10
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783832442804

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The IPO Business of German Discount Brokers by Sido Schrom Pdf

Inhaltsangabe:Einleitung: Entwicklungen in jüngerer Vergangenheit zeigen, dass deutsche Discount Broker ihre Produktpalette gezielt erweitern und ihren Kunden verstärkt Zugang zu Neuemissionen (IPOs) bieten, nicht zuletzt um ihre starke Marktposition in Europa zu wahren. So übernehmen die Broker Aufgaben im Neuemissionsgeschäft, sei es als Verkaufsagent oder als Mitglied in Übernahmekonsortien (Underwriter). Discount Broker betreten damit Neuland in einem Wirtschaftszweig, der bisher fast ausschließlich von Investmentbanken dominiert worden ist. Somit scheint sich eine neue Sorte von Investmentbanken zu entwickeln und die Vorherrschaft privilegierter Institutionen im Neuemissionsgeschäft aufzuweichen. Vor diesem Hintergrund möchte die vorliegende Arbeit auf das aufkommende Segment des Neuemissionsgeschäfts der führenden deutschen Discount Broker eingehen und objektiv beschreiben. Durchführung und Strategien im Neuemissionsgeschäft der Direct Broker werden im Detail betrachtet. Die Untersuchung beschränkt sich dabei auf die drei Marktführer im discount broking: ConSors Discount-Broker AG, Comdirect AG and Direkt Anlage Bank AG. Zwischen Anfang September und Ende November 2000 haben die drei Brokerhäuser ihren Einstieg ins Neuemissionsgeschäft offiziell angekündigt. ConSors entschied sich, eine eigene Investment Bank zu gründen ( do-it-yourself approach ) und Comdirect zieht Nutzen aus der Unterstützung durch die Mutter Commerzbank ( piggy-back approach ), aber erhebt Anspruch auf Führungsmandate bei Neuemissionen infolge des Aufbaus eines eigenen Geschäftsbereichs Investmentbanking. DAB beschloss hingegen strategische Partnerschaften einzugehen ( tie-up approach ), um die Chancen zu erhöhen, bei Neuemissionen berücksichtigt zu werden, ohne sich dabei jedoch selbst zur Investmentbank zu entwickeln. Die drei Discount Brokers treten üblicherweise als Verkaufsagenten auf, planen jedoch ehrgeizig in absehbarer Zeit Co-Underwriting- und Führungsmandate bei Neuemissionen zu erhalten; die Broker würden dann die Bezeichnung Investmentbank rechtfertigen. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, die Frage, ob zur Zeit tatsächlich eine neue Generation von Investmentbanken entsteht, hinreichend zu beantworten. Der Autor ist zuversichtlich, dass die Broker in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen Marktlage mittel- bis langfristig gute Chancen mit ihrem Neuemissionsgeschäft haben und sich als Nischen-Investmentbank etablieren [...]

Author : Mario Levis,Silvio Vismara
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 599 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781781955376

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Handbook of Research on IPOs by Mario Levis,Silvio Vismara Pdf

The chapters offer some important new insights into issues that will be of interest not only to the academic community but also to professionals involved in the preparation, structure and execution of such transactions, market regulators, and private a

Author : Greg N. Gregoriou
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2011-04-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780080461670

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Initial Public Offerings (IPO) by Greg N. Gregoriou Pdf

After the cooling off of IPOs since the dot com bubble, Google has rekindled the fire for IPOs. This IPO reader contains new articles exclusive to this reader by leading academics from around the world dealing with quantitative and qualitative analyses of this increasingly popular and important area of finance. Articles address new methods of IPO performance, international IPOs, IPO evaluation, IPO underwriting, evaluation and bookbuilding. Although numerous articles are technical in nature, with econometric and statistical models, particular attention has been directed towards the understanding and the applicability of the results as well as theoretical development in this area. This reader will assist researchers, academics, and graduate students to further understand the latest research on IPOs. *Interest in IPOs is increasing again after the Google IPO, and IPOs are up significantly from last year *Chapters by well known academics provide an international perspective, describing research results from IPO data in countries spanning the globe *Research is based on real results from IPO data collected over the past 5-7 years

Author : Jason Draho
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2004-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1781008787

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The IPO Decision by Jason Draho Pdf

Annotation Initial public offerings (IPOs) garnered unprecedented positive attention in the 1990s for their spectacular returns and central role in entrepreneurial activity. Subsequent revelations of unscrupulous IPO allocation and promotion practices cast a less fa.

Author : Douglas Cumming,Sofia Johan
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2018-11-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780190614584

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The Oxford Handbook of IPOs by Douglas Cumming,Sofia Johan Pdf

Initial public offerings (IPOs), or new listings of companies on stock exchanges, are among the most important form of finance and generate considerable attention and excitement. They are used to raise capital or to monetize investments by the early generation of venture capital and other private investors. They are increasingly international in scope and reach, especially with non-American firms offering on American stock exchanges. This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of why companies list on stock exchanges, how IPOs are regulated, initially valued, and their performance in the short and long run. The first part examines the economics of IPOs, and offers statistics and regulatory insights from the United States and other countries around the world. The volume then covers mergers versus IPOs, as well as reverse mergers and special purpose acquisition companies. Part III analyzes institutional ties in IPOs, including analysts, investment banks, auditors, and venture capitalists. The fourth section provides international perspectives on IPOs from a number of countries around the world. Part V discusses alternatives to IPOs, including private marketplaces, and crowdfunding. Reflecting the range of disciplines that analyze IPOs, the contributors come from the fields of finance, international business and management, economics, and law. The chapters cover the latest information on a range of fundamental questions that are of interest to academics, practitioners, and policymakers alike.

Author : Emilios Avgouleas,David C. Donald
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 531 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2019-01-31
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781108470360

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The Political Economy of Financial Regulation by Emilios Avgouleas,David C. Donald Pdf

Examines the law and policy of financial regulation using a combination of conceptual analysis and strong empirical research.

Author : Oliver Reiche
Publisher : Anchor Academic Publishing (aap_verlag)
Page : 105 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2014-06-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783954892952

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The Phenomenon of IPO Underpricing in the European and U.S. Stock Markets by Oliver Reiche Pdf

The Initial Public Offering (IPO) marks one of the most important events of a company. Basically, the aim is to generate maximum proceeds by selling the company’s shares to investors. However, the shares that are sold seem to be underpriced as the price significantly soars on the first trading day. Since the very first detection of this phenomenon in the United States in 1969, several subsequent studies have documented the existence of worldwide IPO underpricing. This study focuses on IPO Underpricing in the European and United States Stock Markets by outlining and discussing the following essential issues: What is underpricing in the context of the IPO? Which motivations are there and how do they impact? Is there IPO underpricing in the markets of Europe and the United States of America?

Author : Justyna Dietrich
Publisher : Diplomica Verlag
Page : 81 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2012-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783842872899

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Variables Influencing the Severity of IPO Underpricing: An Empirical Analysis of the German Market by Justyna Dietrich Pdf

Underpricing refers to the phenomenon of abnormal first-day returns from initial public offerings (IPOs). Without doubt, any US investor would agree that one day-returns of 11.4% on average are exceptional and a worthwhile investment. Since then many studies have proven that it is a persistent phenomenon and also occurs on markets all over the world. The most puzzling question for scientists is why companies are leaving this money on the table and do not set an offering price that reflects the market demand at the offering date. The main focus of this paper is whether and how the findings of past research, primarily conducted for the US market, apply to the German IPO market. As a result, both investors and issuers shall receive practical implications for their decision-making within the IPO process. This study comprises a brief description of some important theoretical aspects that shape the price setting of an IPO. It focuses on business valuation as it is the basis for setting the price of an IPO. Furthermore, the most common price setting mechanisms are explained. Past research results and theories with regard to IPO underpricing will be outlined and put into relation to the upcoming analysis. This also includes the long-run performance of IPOs and deals especially with the question of whether IPOs are systematically overvalued by investors and, if so, why. The empirical analysis consists of a deduction of influencing variables and an applying theoretical model. Finally, OLS results will be presented and interpreted, which also includes practical implications for both, issuers and investors.

Author : Georg Rindermann
Publisher : Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105114284198

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Venture Capitalist Participation and the Performance of IPO Firms by Georg Rindermann Pdf

This thesis investigates whether venture capitalists in Europe have a positive impact on the operating and long-run market performance of firms they bring public. To examine this issue a hand-collected international data set of venture- and non venture-backed IPOs at the French Nouveau Marché, German Neuer Markt, and British techMARK dating from 1996 to 1999 is used. The findings suggest that there are substantial variations in the experience and sophistication of venture capitalists. Moreover, venture-backed IPOs do not generally outperform non venture-backed issues, irrespective of the applied performance measure. Instead, merely the more experienced international venture capitalists appear to have positive effects on both the operating and market performance of portfolio firms. The overall results are interpreted as evidence for the heterogeneity of venture capitalists operating in the European market.