Iraq In World War I

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The Creation of Iraq, 1914-1921

Reeva S. Simon,Eleanor Harvey Tejirian
The Creation of Iraq 1914 1921 Book PDF

Author : Reeva S. Simon,Eleanor Harvey Tejirian
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : History
ISBN : 023113293X

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The Creation of Iraq, 1914-1921 by Reeva S. Simon,Eleanor Harvey Tejirian Pdf

With the U.S.-led Operation Iraqi Freedom, we are reminded that almost one hundred years ago, Great Britain undertook a similar process of regime change and territorial reorganization in the same region of the world. In the thick of world conflict, with its strategic interests in the balance, the British had to begin planning for the aftermath of the World War that permitted the redrawing of borders and the creation of new political entities. One year after the beginning of World War I, preparations for a new strategic order in the Middle East were already underway. For the Allies -Britain, France, and Russia -the task was different from that of the United States today. Yet unlike the Coalition forces that in 2003 proclaimed the territorial integrity of Iraq, the British began from scratch: until 1921, the country of Iraq did not exist. How did this actually come about? And what were the reactions of the peoples living in that contested territory? This collection of essays by leading scholars provides a comprehensive yet accessible overview of Iraq's history and its strategic importance from three points of view: local residents, Iraq's neighbors (Iran, Turkey, and Kurdistan), and the Great Powers. The book captures the complexity of forces that contributed to the making of Iraq as a modern state, integrating short and long term policy, individual and group interests, and the impact of World War I. The Creation of Iraq helps readers to understand the dynamics and interplay of regional history and geo-strategic and imperial priorities in an area of the world that will continue to dominate international politics for years to come. - Publisher.

Iraq in World War I

Mohammad Gholi Majd
Iraq in World War I Book PDF

Author : Mohammad Gholi Majd
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 450 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015064716528

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Iraq in World War I by Mohammad Gholi Majd Pdf

Drawing primarily from US State Department archives and the four volumes of the official British history of World War I in Mesopotamia (published during 1923-1927), Majd reconstructs the political and military history of Iraq in World War I, a period that began with fierce Iraqi resistance against the British and ended with the consolidation of British control under the mandate system. In addition to documenting the military ebb and flow of Britain's colonial project in Iraq, Majd also presents two chapters considering the aftermath of the war in terms of Iraq's commercial decline and the impact of disease.

Britain, Egypt, and Iraq during World War II

Stefanie Wichhart
Britain Egypt and Iraq during World War II Book PDF

Author : Stefanie Wichhart
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2021-08-26
Category : History
ISBN : 9780755634545

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Britain, Egypt, and Iraq during World War II by Stefanie Wichhart Pdf

This book explores the tumultuous war years through the lens of the British Embassies in Cairo and Baghdad, demonstrating the role that the Second World War played in shaping the political and social map of the contemporary Middle East. The war served as a catalyst for seismic changes in Arab society and the emergence of new movements that provided powerful critiques of British intervention and of the governments that facilitated it, making the war a critical turning point in Britain's empire in the Middle East.

An Introduction to the Causes of War

Greg Cashman,Leonard C. Robinson
An Introduction to the Causes of War Book PDF

Author : Greg Cashman,Leonard C. Robinson
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 467 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2021-04-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781538127803

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An Introduction to the Causes of War by Greg Cashman,Leonard C. Robinson Pdf

This pioneering book, now thoroughly updated to incorporate important research, explains the causes of war through a sustained combination of theoretical insights and detailed case studies. Cashman and Robinson find that while all wars have multiple causes, certain factors typically combine in identifiable “dangerous patterns.” Through their examination of World War I, World War II in the Pacific, the Six-Day War, the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, the Iran-Iraq War, and the US invasion of Iraq, the authors lay out the complex multilevel processes by which disputes between countries erupt into bloody conflicts. Ideal for a range of courses in international relations at both the undergraduate and graduate levels, this focused text clearly explains theory and applies it to concrete case-study examples in a way that allows students to fully understand the origins of war.

The First World War in the Middle East

Kristian Coates Ulrichsen,Kristian Ulrichsen
The First World War in the Middle East Book PDF

Author : Kristian Coates Ulrichsen,Kristian Ulrichsen
Publisher : Hurst & Company Limited
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : History
ISBN : 9781849042741

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The First World War in the Middle East by Kristian Coates Ulrichsen,Kristian Ulrichsen Pdf

The First World War in the Middle East is an accessibly written military and social history of the clash of world empires in the Dardanelles, Egypt and Palestine, Mesopotamia, Persia and the Caucasus. Coates Ulrichsen demonstrates how wartime exigencies shaped the parameters of the modern Middle East, and describes and assesses the major campaigns against the Ottoman Empire and Germany involving British and imperial troops from the French and Russian Empires, as well as their Arab and Armenian allies. Also documented are the enormous logistical demands placed on host societies by the Great Powers' conduct of industrialised warfare in hostile terrain. The resulting deepening of imperial penetration, and the extension of state controls across a heterogeneous sprawl of territories, generated a powerful backlash both during and immediately after the war, which played a pivotal role in shaping national identities as the Ottoman Empire was dismembered. This is a multidimensional account of the many seemingly discrete yet interlinked campaigns that resulted in one to one and a half million casualties. It details not just their military outcome but relates them to intelligence-gathering, industrial organisation, authoritarianism and the political economy of empires at war.

The First Iraq War--1914-1918

A. J. Barker
The First Iraq War 1914 1918 Book PDF

Author : A. J. Barker
Publisher : Enigma Books
Page : 443 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2009-07-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9780982491171

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The First Iraq War--1914-1918 by A. J. Barker Pdf

When Allah made Hell, runs the Arab proverb, he did not find it bad enough, so he made Mesopotamia—and added flies. What was a British Army doing in this Godforsaken place and how had it all come about? A.J. Barker’s masterful retelling of the story of Britain’s first Iraq war in 1914 is a masterpiece of military history that provides many answers to the endless problems and realities encountered in Iraq since 2003. Prestige and power played a major role then as they still do today. If the British were dislodged from the Shatt-al-Arab, the effects would undoubtedly have reverberated throughout the whole of the Eastern world.

The British Experience In Iraq From 1914-1926: What Wisdom Can The United States Draw From Its Experience?

Major Matthew W. Williams
The British Experience In Iraq From 1914 1926 What Wisdom Can The United States Draw From Its Experience Book PDF

Author : Major Matthew W. Williams
Publisher : Pickle Partners Publishing
Page : 87 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2014-08-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781782896746

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The British Experience In Iraq From 1914-1926: What Wisdom Can The United States Draw From Its Experience? by Major Matthew W. Williams Pdf

This thesis examines the British experience in Iraq from 1914-1926. Britain invaded Iraq to secure its oil interests and to protect its lines of communication to India. The British initially defeated Ottoman forces and captured the Basra vilayet (province) in December 1914. Although Basra’s capture accomplished the objectives that Britain had sought to achieve at the outset of the campaign, it was followed by an ill-advised advance to Baghdad that culminated in defeat by the Ottomans at Kut-al-Amara in 1916. The British regrouped, however, and resumed the offensive, capturing Baghdad in 1917 and Mosul in 1918. After the war, Britain managed Iraq as a League of Nations Mandate from 1920-1932. The British installed Iraq’s first ruler, King Feisal I in 1921 and helped demarcate its northern border with Turkey in 1926. This thesis explores the British military campaign in Iraq during World War I and its subsequent civil administration. The thesis will examine the actions Britain took during this time period and determine, what wisdom, if any, that the United States (US) can draw from these experiences in relation to its current efforts in Iraq. This study concludes that, if the US is going to accomplish its objectives in Iraq, it should base its future relationship with Iraq primarily by incentives and not coercion. Furthermore, any attempt by the US to simultaneously develop Iraq into an independent nation-state and maintain dominant, long-term influence will likely result in failure. Overall, if the US wants to accomplish its goals in Iraq, it should treat Iraq like an equal and strive to be the best friend it has never had.

Instructions for American Servicemen in Iraq during World War II

United States Army
Instructions for American Servicemen in Iraq during World War II Book PDF

Author : United States Army
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 62 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2008-09-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9780226841762

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Instructions for American Servicemen in Iraq during World War II by United States Army Pdf

“American success or failure in Iraq may well depend on whether the Iraqis like American soldiers or not.” The U.S. military could certainly have used that bit of wisdom in 2003, as violence began to eclipse the Iraq War’s early successes. Ironically, had the Army only looked in its own archives, they would have found it—that piece of advice is from a manual the U.S. War Department handed out to American servicemen posted in Iraq back in 1943. The advice in Instructions for American Servicemen in Iraq during World War II,presented here in a new facsimile edition, retains a surprising, even haunting, relevance in light of today’s muddled efforts to win Iraqi hearts and minds. Designed to help American soldiers understand and cope with what was at the time an utterly unfamiliar culture—the manual explains how to pronounce the word Iraq, for instance—this brief, accessible handbook mixes do-and-don’t-style tips (“Always respect the Moslem women.” “Talk Arabic if you can to the people. No matter how badly you do it, they will like it.”) with general observations on Iraqi history and society. The book’s overall message still rings true—dramatically so—more than sixty years later: treat an Iraqi and his family with honor and respect, and you will have a strong ally; treat him with disrespect and you will create an unyielding enemy. With a foreword by Lieutenant Colonel John A. Nagl reflecting on the manual’s continuing applicability—and lamenting that it was unknown at the start of the invasion—this new edition of Instructions for American Servicemen in Iraq will be essential reading for anyone who cares about the future of Iraq and the fate of the American soldiers serving there.

Missions Accomplished?

Peter L. Hahn
Missions Accomplished Book PDF

Author : Peter L. Hahn
Publisher : OUP USA
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2011-12-08
Category : History
ISBN : 0195333381

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Missions Accomplished? by Peter L. Hahn Pdf

Author Peter L. Hahn is the first to synthesize the entire complicated, power-driven relationship between the United States and Iraq over the last ninety years. This book takes a straightforward, chronological approach, emphasizing the formulation of U.S. policy toward Iraq in its political, strategic, and military dimensions. Hahn boldly identifies the key players in Washington and Baghdad, evaluating the successes of every policymaker and each mission in the history of the United States-Iraq relationship.

Persian Gulf Command

Ashley Jackson
Persian Gulf Command Book PDF

Author : Ashley Jackson
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 451 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2018-06-26
Category : History
ISBN : 9780300235364

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Persian Gulf Command by Ashley Jackson Pdf

“Offers us a fascinating new perspective on the Second World War—its impact on local societies in the Middle East.” (Richard J. Aldrich, author of The Black Door) This dynamic history is the first to construct a total picture of the experience and impact of World War II in Iran and Iraq. Contending that these two countries were more important to the Allied forces’ war operations than has ever been acknowledged, historian Ashley Jackson investigates the grand strategy of the Allies and their operations in the region and the continuing legacy of Western intervention in the Middle East. Iran and Iraq served as the first WWII theater in which the U.S., the U.K., and the U.S.S.R. fought alongside each other. Jackson charts the intense Allied military activity in Iran and Iraq and reveals how deeply the war impacted common people’s lives. He also provides revelations about the true nature of Anglo-American relations in the region, the beginnings of the Cold War, and the continuing corrosive legacy of Western influence in these lands. “Skillfully brings together the complex range of developments that took place in Iraq and Iran during the Second World War.” —Evan Mawdsley, author of December 1941 “A brilliant book that confirms Ashley Jackson’s place among the preeminent scholars of the British empire.” —Joe Maiolo, author of Cry Havoc “Consistently fascinating and thought-provoking.” —Simon Ball, author of The Bitter Sea “In this lucid work, filled with telling details and well-crafted arguments, Jackson has finally revealed the undoubted significance of Iran and Iraq to the wider war.” —Niall Barr, author of Eisenhower's Armies

Oil and the Creation of Iraq

David E. McNabb
Oil and the Creation of Iraq Book PDF

Author : David E. McNabb
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2016-04-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781317272915

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Oil and the Creation of Iraq by David E. McNabb Pdf

Off to the sidelines of the brutal western front of World War I was a nasty little campaign by British and India troops sent to secure Persian oil fields. Explaining what and how this happened in the early decades of the twentieth century goes beyond being just another history of a distant campaign in the 1914 to 1918 war. The highs and lows of what many British military planners in London considered to be a minor campaign in a distant theatre of operations proved to be a long, costly conflict the results of which still influence events today. Oil and the Creation of Iraq describes how the policies of allied military leaders of the time resulted in pushing the Ottoman government into partnership with Germany and Austria during World War I, resulting in its disintegration and loss of its Middle Eastern territories. The book then describes how the political and economic aims of the nations involved in the Mesopotamian campaign influenced the fighting and subsequent creation of Iraq, a new nation with few defensible boundaries, but one sitting atop an almost inexhaustible supply of oil and gas.

In Time of War

Adam J. Berinsky
In Time of War Book PDF

Author : Adam J. Berinsky
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 710 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2009-10-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780226043463

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In Time of War by Adam J. Berinsky Pdf

From World War II to the war in Iraq, periods of international conflict seem like unique moments in U.S. political history—but when it comes to public opinion, they are not. To make this groundbreaking revelation, In Time of War explodes conventional wisdom about American reactions to World War II, as well as the more recent conflicts in Korea, Vietnam, the Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq. Adam Berinsky argues that public response to these crises has been shaped less by their defining characteristics—such as what they cost in lives and resources—than by the same political interests and group affiliations that influence our ideas about domestic issues. With the help of World War II–era survey data that had gone virtually untouched for the past sixty years, Berinsky begins by disproving the myth of “the good war” that Americans all fell in line to support after the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor. The attack, he reveals, did not significantly alter public opinion but merely punctuated interventionist sentiment that had already risen in response to the ways that political leaders at home had framed the fighting abroad. Weaving his findings into the first general theory of the factors that shape American wartime opinion, Berinsky also sheds new light on our reactions to other crises. He shows, for example, that our attitudes toward restricted civil liberties during Vietnam and after 9/11 stemmed from the same kinds of judgments we make during times of peace. With Iraq and Afghanistan now competing for attention with urgent issues within the United States, In Time of War offers a timely reminder of the full extent to which foreign and domestic politics profoundly influence—and ultimately illuminate—each other.

World War I in Mesopotamia

Nadia Atia
World War I in Mesopotamia Book PDF

Author : Nadia Atia
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2015-01-12
Category : History
ISBN : 9780857725493

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World War I in Mesopotamia by Nadia Atia Pdf

The Mesopotamian campaign during World War I was a critical moment in Britain's position in the Middle East. With British and British Indian troops fighting in places which have become well-known in the wake of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, such as Basra, the campaign led to the establishment of the British Mandate in Iraq in 1921. Nadia Atia believes that in order to fully understand Britain's policies in creating the nascent state of Iraq, we must first look at how the war shaped Britons' conceptions of the region. Atia does this through a cultural and military history of the changing British perceptions of Mesopotamia since the period before World War I when it was under Ottoman rule. Drawing on a wide variety of historical and literary sources, including the writing of key figures such as Gertrude Bell, Mark Sykes and Arnold Wilson, but focusing mainly on the views and experiences of ordinary men and women whose stories and experiences of the war have less frequently been told, Atia examines the cultural and social legacy of World War I in the Middle East and how this affected British attempts to exert influence in the region.

The British Experience in Iraq from 1914-1926

U.s. Army Command and General Staff College
The British Experience in Iraq from 1914 1926 Book PDF

Author : U.s. Army Command and General Staff College
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2014-07-21
Category : History
ISBN : 1500589454

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The British Experience in Iraq from 1914-1926 by U.s. Army Command and General Staff College Pdf

This work examines the British experience in Iraq from 1914-1926. Britain invaded Iraq to secure its oil interests and to protect its lines of communication to India. The British initially defeated Ottoman forces and captured the Basra vilayet (province) in December 1914. Although Basra's capture accomplished the objectives that Britain had sought to achieve at the outset of the campaign, it was followed by an ill-advised advance to Baghdad that culminated in defeat by the Ottomans at Kut-al-Amara in 1916. The British regrouped, however, and resumed the offensive, capturing Baghdad in 1917 and Mosul in 1918. After the war, Britain managed Iraq as a League of Nations Mandate from 1920- 1932. The British installed Iraq's first ruler, King Feisal I in 1921 and helped demarcate its northern border with Turkey in 1926. This work explores the British military campaign in Iraq during World War I and its subsequent civil administration. The work will examine the actions Britain took during this time period and determine, what wisdom, if any, that the United States (US) can draw from these experiences in relation to its current efforts in Iraq. This study concludes that, if the US is going to accomplish its objectives in Iraq, it should base its future relationship with Iraq primarily by incentives and not coercion. Furthermore, any attempt by the US to simultaneously develop Iraq into an independent nation-state and maintain dominant, long-term influence will likely result in failure. Overall, if the US wants to accomplish its goals in Iraq, it should treat Iraq like an equal and strive to be the best friend it has never had.

The Changing Face of War

Martin van Creveld
The Changing Face of War Book PDF

Author : Martin van Creveld
Publisher : Presidio Press
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2008-01-29
Category : History
ISBN : 9780891419020

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The Changing Face of War by Martin van Creveld Pdf

One of the most influential experts on military history and strategy has now written his magnum opus, an original and provocative account of the past hundred years of global conflict. The Changing Face of War is the book that reveals the path that led to the impasse in Iraq, why powerful standing armies are now helpless against ill-equipped insurgents, and how the security of sovereign nations may be maintained in the future. While paying close attention to the unpredictable human element, Martin van Creveld takes us on a journey from the last century’s clashes of massive armies to today’s short, high-tech, lopsided skirmishes and frustrating quagmires. Here is the world as it was in 1900, controlled by a handful of “great powers,” mostly European, with the memories of eighteenth-century wars still fresh. Armies were still led by officers riding on horses, messages conveyed by hand, drum, and bugle. As the telegraph, telephone, and radio revolutionized communications, big-gun battleships like the British Dreadnought, the tank, and the airplane altered warfare. Van Creveld paints a powerful portrait of World War I, in which armies would be counted in the millions, casualties–such as those in the cataclysmic battle of the Marne–would become staggering, and deadly new weapons, such as poison gas, would be introduced. Ultimately, Germany’s plans to outmaneuver her enemies to victory came to naught as the battle lines ossified and the winners proved to be those who could produce the most weapons and provide the most soldiers. The Changing Face of War then propels us to the even greater global carnage of World War II. Innovations in armored warfare and airpower, along with technological breakthroughs from radar to the atom bomb, transformed war from simple slaughter to a complex event requiring new expertise–all in the service of savagery, from Pearl Harbor to Dachau to Hiroshima. The further development of nuclear weapons during the Cold War shifts nations from fighting wars to deterring them: The number of active troops shrinks and the influence of the military declines as civilian think tanks set policy and volunteer forces “decouple” the idea of defense from the world of everyday people. War today, van Crevald tells us, is a mix of the ancient and the advanced, as state-of-the-art armies fail to defeat small groups of crudely outfitted guerrilla and terrorists, a pattern that began with Britain’s exit from India and culminating in American misadventures in Vietnam and Iraq, examples of what the author calls a “long, almost unbroken record of failure.” How to learn from the recent past to reshape the military for this new challenge–how to still save, in a sense, the free world–is the ultimate lesson of this big, bold, and cautionary work. The Changing Face of War is sure to become the standard source on this essential subject.