Iron Making Societies

Author : Maria Ågren
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1998-03-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781782388036

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Iron-making Societies by Maria Ågren Pdf

The title of this book has a double meaning: on the one hand, it deals with two very different societies both of which made iron in the early modern period. On the other hand, iron "made" these societies: the needs of iron production and the resistance to these demands from local peasant communities gave the societies a special kind of cohesion and rationality. This volume presents the findings of a joint team of Swedish and Russian scholars examining the social organization of work in early modern iron industry and their respective societies. The comparison was carried out against the backdrop of the international discussion on proto-industrialization, its prerequisites and consequences. There has, however, been a certain bias in much of that debate, the focus being mainly on Western Europe, particularly on Britain, and on textile trades. This book offers an important contribution to the debate in that it widens the perspective by discussing Northern and Eastern Europe and by studying the iron industry. More particularly it examines actual production processes, the organization of work, social conflict, questions of ownership and its evolution, as well as the diffusion and organization of technical knowledge. The comparative approach is consistently applied throughout, with each chapter closely integrating the results relating to the two selected geographical areas, thus showing ways of solving some of the problems arising from comparative history.

Author : Maria Ågren
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 157181955X

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Iron-making Societies by Maria Ågren Pdf

The Title of this Book has a Double meaning: on the one hand, it deals with two very different societies both of which made iron in the early modern period. On the other hand, iron made these societies; the needs of iron production and the resistance to these demands from local peasant communities gave them a special kind of cohesion and rationality. This volume presents the findings of a joint team of Swedish and Russian scholars examining the social organisation of work in early modern iron industry in their respective societies. It examines actual production processes, the organisation of work, social conflict, questions of ownership and its evolution, as well as the diffusion and organisation of technical knowledge.

Author : Shadreck Chirikure
Publisher : Springer
Page : 166 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2015-03-18
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783319116419

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Metals in Past Societies by Shadreck Chirikure Pdf

This book seeks to communicate to both a global and local audience, the key attributes of pre-industrial African metallurgy such as technological variation across space and time, methods of mining and extractive metallurgy and the fabrication of metal objects. These processes were transformative in a physical and metaphoric sense, which made them total social facts. Because the production and use of metals was an accretion of various categories of practice, a chaine operatoire conceptual and theoretical framework that simultaneously considers the embedded technological and anthropological factors was used. The book focuses on Africa’s different regions as roughly defined by cultural geography. On the one hand there is North Africa, Egypt, the Egyptian Sudan, and the Horn of Africa which share cultural inheritances with the Middle East and on the other is Africa south of the Sahara and the Sudan which despite interacting with the former is remarkably different in terms of technological practice. For example, not only is the timing of metallurgy different but so is the infrastructure for working metals and the associated symbolic and sociological factors. The cultural valuation of metals and the social positions of metal workers were different too although there is evidence of some values transfer and multi-directional technological cross borrowing. The multitude of permutations associated with metals production and use amply demonstrates that metals participated in the production and reproduction of society. Despite huge temporal and spatial differences there are so many common factors between African metallurgy and that of other regions of the world. For example, the role of magic and ritual in metal working is almost universal be it in Bolivia, Nepal, Malawi, Timna, Togo or Zimbabwe. Similarly, techniques of mining were constrained by the underlying geology but this should not in any way suggest that Africa’s metallurgy was derivative or that the continent had no initiative. Rather it demonstrates that when confronted with similar challenges, humanity in different regions of the world responded to identical challenges in predictable ways mediated as mediated by the prevailing cultural context. The success of the use of historical and ethnographic data in understanding variation and improvisation in African metallurgical practices flags the potential utility of these sources in Asia, Latin America and Europe. Some nuance is however needed because it is simply naïve to assume that everything depicted in the history or ethnography has a parallel in the past and vice versa. Rather, the confluence of archaeology, history and ethnography becomes a pedestal for dialogue between different sources, subjects and ideas that is important for broadening our knowledge of global categories of metallurgical practice.

Author : Hamady Bocoum
Publisher : Unesco
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Social Science
ISBN : STANFORD:36105113878743

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The Origins of Iron Metallurgy in Africa by Hamady Bocoum Pdf

The work of specialists archaeologists, historians, ethnologists, metallographs and sociologists gathered in this volume show the vitality of research being carried out on iron processing in Africa since as early as the third millennium B.C.

Author : Girijā Pāṇḍe,Jan af Geijerstam
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 492 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Iron industry and trade
ISBN : UOM:39015073603899

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Tradition and Innovation in the History of Iron Making by Girijā Pāṇḍe,Jan af Geijerstam Pdf

Contributed articles; with reference to India and Sweden.

Author : Peter Ridgway Schmidt
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : History
ISBN : 0813013844

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The Culture and Technology of African Iron Production by Peter Ridgway Schmidt Pdf

Archaeological and ethnographic investigations in western Tanzania in the 1970s revealed remarkable evidence for a complex and highly advanced iron technology that existed there several thousand years ago. Still, Western scientific and historical practice continues to obscure the history of iron technology and its accomplishments in Africa. Weaving together myth, ritual, history, and science, this work describes the systems of smithing and iron smelting, some of which arose 2,000 to 2,500 years ago. Revealing the world of African technological achievement, the contributors to this work demonstrate that iron production there is a socially constructed activity and that its cultural and technological domains cannot be understood separately.

Author : Vaclav Smil
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2016-01-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128042359

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Still the Iron Age by Vaclav Smil Pdf

Although the last two generations have seen an enormous amount of attention paid to advances in electronics, the fact remains that high-income, high-energy societies could thrive without microchips, etc., but, by contrast, could not exist without steel. Because of the importance of this material to comtemporary civilization, a comprehensive resource is needed for metallurgists, non-metallurgists, and anyone with a background in environmental studies, industry, manufacturing, and history, seeking a broader understanding of the history of iron and steel and its current and future impact on society. Given its coverage of the history of iron and steel from its genesis to slow pre-industrial progress, revolutionary advances during the 19th century, magnification of 19th century advances during the past five generations, patterns of modern steel production, the ubiquitous uses of the material, potential substitutions, advances in relative dematerialization, and appraisal of steel’s possible futures, Still the Iron Age: Iron and Steel in the Modern World by world-renowned author Vaclav Smil meets that need. Incorporates an interdisciplinary discussion of the history and evolution of the iron- and steel-making industry and its impact on the development of the modern world Serves as a valuable contribution because of its unique perspective that compares steel to technological advances in other materials, perceived to be important Discusses how we can manufacture smarter rather than deny demand Explores future opportunities and new efforts for sustainable development in the industry

Author : Eugenia W. Herbert
Publisher : Indiana University Press
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1994-01-22
Category : History
ISBN : 0253115965

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Iron, Gender, and Power by Eugenia W. Herbert Pdf

"[Herbert] has constructed a model of power relationships structured upon gender and age, and derived from male transformative processes, and in so doing has written a notable, and most enjoyable, book." -- African History "Herbert examines with great care and thoroughness the relationships between gender and power and the rationales that give them social form.... [Her] analytical ability is outstanding." -- Patrick McNaughton "This book is a well-written and essential study of the place of belief in African material culture." -- International Journal of African Historical Studies Herbert relates the beliefs and practices associated with iron working in African cultures to other transformative activities -- chiefly investiture, hunting, and pottery making -- to propose a gender/age-based theory of power.

Author : Jerome Feinman,Donald Richard Mac Rae
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Direct reduction (Metallurgy)
ISBN : 1886362319

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Direct Reduced Iron by Jerome Feinman,Donald Richard Mac Rae Pdf

Author : Lotte Hedeager
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1992-01-01
Category : History
ISBN : 0631171061

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Iron-age Societies by Lotte Hedeager Pdf

Skandinavien - Eisenzeit - Sozialgeschichte/Alltag - Religionsgeschichte.

Author : Gloria Emeagwali,Edward Shizha
Publisher : Springer
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2016-07-08
Category : Education
ISBN : 9789463005159

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African Indigenous Knowledge and the Sciences by Gloria Emeagwali,Edward Shizha Pdf

This book is an intellectual journey into epistemology, pedagogy, physics, architecture, medicine and metallurgy. The focus is on various dimensions of African Indigenous Knowledge (AIK) with an emphasis on the sciences, an area that has been neglected in AIK discourse. The authors provide diverse views and perspectives on African indigenous scientific and technological knowledge that can benefit a wide spectrum of academics, scholars, students, development agents, and policy makers, in both governmental and non-governmental organizations, and enable critical and alternative analyses and possibilities for understanding science and technology in an African historical and contemporary context.

Author : Association of Engineering Societies (U.S.)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 700 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1889
Category : Electronic
ISBN : CHI:098720945

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Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies by Association of Engineering Societies (U.S.) Pdf

Author : Randi Haaland,P. L. Shinnie
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Crafts & Hobbies
ISBN : UCSC:32106007421644

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African Iron Working, Ancient and Traditional by Randi Haaland,P. L. Shinnie Pdf

Iron working has a long and rich history in Africa--it was decisive for the development of many African cultures and states, and its study is now yielding results of great significance. This book, a collection of articles by archaeologists and enthnographers from the USA, Africa, and Europe, explores the development of the iron working processes, the reasons for local variation, the role of iron workers in ancient and modern societies, and the way in which iron production changed society.

Author : John Raymond Harris,Economic History Society
Publisher : Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire : Macmillan Education
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105040931623

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The British Iron Industry, 1700-1850 by John Raymond Harris,Economic History Society Pdf

Between 1700-1850 Britain moved from a situation in which she was unable to supply a large part of her home market to being the world's largest producer and exporter of iron. In this work, Professor Harris sets out to show how earlier views on the economic and technological development of the industry have been revised in the light of further research, and explains the subject for the student approaching it for the first time. Professor Harris is author of "The Copper King" and co-author of "A Merseyside Town in the Industrial Revolution".

Author : Brais X. Currás,Inés Sastre
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2019-09-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781351012096

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Alternative Iron Ages by Brais X. Currás,Inés Sastre Pdf

Alternative Iron Ages examines Iron Age social formations that sit outside traditional paradigms, developing methods for archaeological characterisation of alternative models of society. In so doing it contributes to the debates concerning the construction and resistance of inequality taking place in archaeology, anthropology and sociology. In recent years, Iron Age research on Western Europe has moved towards new forms of understanding social structures. Yet these alternative social organisations continue to be considered as basic human social formations, which frequently imply marginality and primitivism. In this context, the grand narrative of the European Iron Age continues to be defined by cultural foci, which hide the great regional variety in an artificially homogenous area. This book challenges the traditional classical evolutionist narratives by exploring concepts such as non-triangular societies, heterarchy and segmentarity across regional case studies to test and propose alternative social models for Iron Age social formations. Constructing new social theory both archaeologically based and supported by sociological and anthropological theory, the book is perfect for those looking to examine and understand life in the European Iron Age. We are so grateful to the research project titled "Paisajes rurales antiguos del Noroeste peninsular: formas de dominacion romana y explotacion de recursos" [Ancient rural landscapes in Northwestern Iberia: Roman dominion and resource exploitation] (HAR2015-64632-P; MINECO/FEDER), directed from the Instituto de Historia (CSIC) and also to the Fundaçao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [Foundation for Science and Technology] postdoctoral project: SFRH-BPD-102407-2014.